Antenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. Checkups include exams, tests, and education on nutrition, exercise, hygiene, warning signs and avoiding risks. The goals are to prevent or treat complications, detect issues, and ensure healthy development. Women receive more frequent exams as their due date approaches, and are instructed on a nutritious diet, moderate exercise, adequate rest, hygienic practices, and when to seek medical help if problems arise.
BREAST CARE (PRECEDURE)
PRESENTED BY – M. MANJOT KAUR GILL
DEFINITION
Breast care is the process of cleaning the breast of mother that helps in maintaining hygiene and prevent from cross infection during feeding .
PURPOSES
To clean the breast.
To detect any abnormalities.
To stimulate milk ejection .
To prevent local infection.
To prevent breast complications.
INDICATIONS
Postnatal mothers.
Before and after breastfeeding.
Cracked nipple.
Pt. who are not able to take self care.
Nipple with unhygienic conditions.
PREPRATION OF ARTICLES
Screen
Mackintosh with towel.
A bowel with 2-3 cottons.
A bowel with boiled and cool cotton swabs.(12-15)
A bowel with dry gauze pieces.(12-15)
Kidney tray/Paper bag
Nursing records.
STEPS OF PROCEDURES.
Arrange all articles .
Explain the procedure to the mother about benefit of breast care.
Provide screen for privacy.
Provide comfortable position to the mother preferable sitting position.
Spread the mackintosh with towel over the lap of the mother.
Wash hand
Stand on the right side of the mother whole giving care.
Expose both the Brest firth and check symmetry.
Inspect the Breast for size and any abnormality.
-Inverted nipple
-Cracked nipple.
-Retracted nipples
-Any sign of infection
Palpate the breast from superficial to deep for tenderness, pain, tumors, exaggerated lymph nodes, etc
Squeeze the breast and observe the secretions.
Clean the secretion with the pad and throw In paper bag.
Take the cotton swab and squeeze excess water holding the tail and keeping above the hand.
Clean the breast in the following order—nipple-primary areola-secondary areola- total breast –lower crease-axilla.
Dry the breast with gauze pieces following the same order.
Cover the further breast exposing the near one.
Inspect, palpate and squeeze in the previous manner.
Assist the mother to do hand wash for return demonstration.
Assist the mother to clean the breast in same manner.
Put the baby on to the breast.
Make the mother and baby comfortable after care.
Record any abnormal findings.
SUMMARIZATION
Definition
Purposes
Indications
Articles
Steps of procedure
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ghai, sandhya .(2018) clinical nursing procedures. New Delhi: satish kumar. Pp.613-616.
Dharitri, swain.(2017) obstetrics nursing procedure manual. New Delhi: jappee brothers. Pp. 158--159.
THANKS
BREAST CARE (PRECEDURE)
PRESENTED BY – M. MANJOT KAUR GILL
DEFINITION
Breast care is the process of cleaning the breast of mother that helps in maintaining hygiene and prevent from cross infection during feeding .
PURPOSES
To clean the breast.
To detect any abnormalities.
To stimulate milk ejection .
To prevent local infection.
To prevent breast complications.
INDICATIONS
Postnatal mothers.
Before and after breastfeeding.
Cracked nipple.
Pt. who are not able to take self care.
Nipple with unhygienic conditions.
PREPRATION OF ARTICLES
Screen
Mackintosh with towel.
A bowel with 2-3 cottons.
A bowel with boiled and cool cotton swabs.(12-15)
A bowel with dry gauze pieces.(12-15)
Kidney tray/Paper bag
Nursing records.
STEPS OF PROCEDURES.
Arrange all articles .
Explain the procedure to the mother about benefit of breast care.
Provide screen for privacy.
Provide comfortable position to the mother preferable sitting position.
Spread the mackintosh with towel over the lap of the mother.
Wash hand
Stand on the right side of the mother whole giving care.
Expose both the Brest firth and check symmetry.
Inspect the Breast for size and any abnormality.
-Inverted nipple
-Cracked nipple.
-Retracted nipples
-Any sign of infection
Palpate the breast from superficial to deep for tenderness, pain, tumors, exaggerated lymph nodes, etc
Squeeze the breast and observe the secretions.
Clean the secretion with the pad and throw In paper bag.
Take the cotton swab and squeeze excess water holding the tail and keeping above the hand.
Clean the breast in the following order—nipple-primary areola-secondary areola- total breast –lower crease-axilla.
Dry the breast with gauze pieces following the same order.
Cover the further breast exposing the near one.
Inspect, palpate and squeeze in the previous manner.
Assist the mother to do hand wash for return demonstration.
Assist the mother to clean the breast in same manner.
Put the baby on to the breast.
Make the mother and baby comfortable after care.
Record any abnormal findings.
SUMMARIZATION
Definition
Purposes
Indications
Articles
Steps of procedure
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ghai, sandhya .(2018) clinical nursing procedures. New Delhi: satish kumar. Pp.613-616.
Dharitri, swain.(2017) obstetrics nursing procedure manual. New Delhi: jappee brothers. Pp. 158--159.
THANKS
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
This presentation includes all the events , its sign and symptoms about IOL as well as management of women in the first stage of labor and how to assess the women in labor with the help of partograph.
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
This presentation includes all the events , its sign and symptoms about IOL as well as management of women in the first stage of labor and how to assess the women in labor with the help of partograph.
What is a healthy diet during pregnancy?
A healthy diet during pregnancy contains a variety of foods that provide the
amount of calories and nutrients you need. During pregnancy, your body needs
extra calories and nutrients to support your growing baby. Some extra nutrients
you need include protein and certain vitamins and minerals. Following a healthy
diet can help you to gain the right amount of weight during your pregnancy. It can
also decrease your baby's risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and certain health
problems. The amount of weight you should gain may depend on your weight
before pregnancy, and if you are carrying more than one baby. Your caregiver
will tell you how much weight you should gain.
The amount of calories you need depends on your daily activity, your weight
before pregnancy, and current weight gain. Your calorie needs also depend on the
stage of pregnancy you are in. Caregivers divide pregnancy into three blocks of
time called trimesters. In the first trimester, you usually do not need extra calories.
In the second and third
2. Objectives * Prevention, early detection and treatment of pregnancy related complications as pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and haemorrhage. * Prevention, early detection and treatment of medical disorders as anaemia and diabetes. * Detection of malpresentations, malpositions and disproportion that may influence the decision of labour. * Instruct the pregnant woman about hygiene, diet and warning symptoms. * Laboratory studies of parameters may affect the foetus as blood group, Rh typing, toxoplasmosis and syphilis. www.freelivedoctor.com
3. Frequency of antenatal visits >Every month during the first 6 months. >Every 2 weeks during the 7th and 8th months. >Every week during the last month. >More frequent visits are indicated in high risk pregnancy. www.freelivedoctor.com
4. The first visit * History. * Examination: general, abdominal and local. * Laboratory investigations: o Blood grouping. o Rh typing. o Haemoglobin. o Toxoplasma and / or VDRL if needed. o Urine analysis particularly for albumin and sugar. www.freelivedoctor.com
5. Return visits History: ask the patient about any complaint. Examination: o Blood pressure. o Weight. o Oedema. o Abdominal examination. Investigation: urine for albumin and sugar. www.freelivedoctor.com
7. Diet The daily requirements are: * Calories: 2500 Kcal. * Proteins: 60 gm. * Carbohydrates: 200- 400 gm. * Lipids: should be restricted. * Vitamins: o Vitamin A: 5000 IU. o Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): 1mg. o Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 1.5 mg. o Nicotinic acid: 15mg. o Ascorbic acid (vit. C): 50mg. o Vitamin D: 400 IU. o Folic acid: 0.5 mg. * Minerals: o Iron: 15 mg. o Calcium: 1000 mg. www.freelivedoctor.com
8. So the suggested daily diet should include: * One litre of milk or its derivatives, * 1-2 eggs, * fresh vegetables and fruits. * 2 pieces of red meat replaced once weekly by sea fish and once by calf ’s liver. * Cereals and bread are recommended also. Coffee and tea: should be restricted. www.freelivedoctor.com
9. Smoking: should be avoided as it may cause intrauterine growth retardation or premature labour. Rest and sleep: 2 hours in the midday and 8 hours at night. Exercises: violent exercises as diving and water sports should be avoided. House work short of fatigue and walking are encouraged. www.freelivedoctor.com
10. Clothing * Lighter and looser clothes of non synthetic materials are more comfortable due to increased BMR and sweating. * Clothes which hang from the shoulders are more comfortable than that requiring waste bands. *Breast support is required. * Avoid tight elastic hosiery or its bands. www.freelivedoctor.com
11. Bathing: Shower bathing is preferable than tube or sea bathing for fear of ascending infection. Vaginal douching should be avoided. www.freelivedoctor.com
12. Shoes: High - heeled shoes should be discouraged as they increase lumbar lordosis, back strain and risk of falling. www.freelivedoctor.com
13. Breasts: to reduce the incidence of retracted and/ or cracked nipples postpartum, the patient is instructed to massage them with a mixture of glycerine and alcohol during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. www.freelivedoctor.com
14. Bowels: Constipation is avoided by increasing vegetables, fluids and milk intake and mild exercise. Liquid paraffin should not be used for long period as it interferes with absorption of fat- soluble vitamins (A and D). www.freelivedoctor.com
15. Coitus: Whenever abortion or preterm labour is a threat, coitus should be avoided. Otherwise, it is allowed with less frequency and violence. Some obstetricians advise abstinence in the last 4 weeksof pregnancy for fear of ascending infection. www.freelivedoctor.com
16. Travelling: long and tiring journeys should be avoided particularly ifthe woman is prone to abortion or preterm labour. Flying is not contraindicated but not the long ones and near term. www.freelivedoctor.com
17. Medications: not to be taken without obstetrician advice due to risk of teratogenicity www.freelivedoctor.com
18. Exposure to infections: is to be avoided particularly those of documented teratogenicity e.g. rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes hominis and varicella zoster viruses. www.freelivedoctor.com
19. Exposure to irradiation: is to be avoided whether diagnostic or therapeutic. www.freelivedoctor.com
20. The warning symptoms: which indicate immediate contact to the obstetrician are: * vaginal bleeding, * gush of fluid per vagina, * abdominal pain, * persistent headache, * blurring of vision, * oedema of lower limbs or face, * persistent vomiting. www.freelivedoctor.com
