This document discusses personality development from infancy through adolescence. It describes the key stages of development from birth to age 12 and the changes that occur physically, mentally, socially, and emotionally. For example, it notes that during ages 6-9, children become very active and energetic and enjoy playing and collecting things. It also discusses the challenges of adolescence such as peer relationships, sexuality, and vocational choices. The document emphasizes that a child's home environment, relationships, and upbringing are crucial to developing a healthy personality and mental well-being.
Concept of normality and abnormality is importent to known by every students related to psychology, psychiatry, social work, and other mental health related field.
Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentAyushi Gupta
This presentation focuses on the Theory of Cognitive Development given by Jean Piaget. It includes the life history of Jean Piaget, the meaning of cognition and cognitive development, the stages of development given by Piaget and the educational implications of the theory.
Concept of normality and abnormality is importent to known by every students related to psychology, psychiatry, social work, and other mental health related field.
Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentAyushi Gupta
This presentation focuses on the Theory of Cognitive Development given by Jean Piaget. It includes the life history of Jean Piaget, the meaning of cognition and cognitive development, the stages of development given by Piaget and the educational implications of the theory.
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Assignment Container for MAPC IGNOU Students for 2023 Submission
1. Discuss the structure and functions of language.
2. Critically discuss Das, Naglieri and Kirby’s PASS theory.
3. Explain the barriers to problem solving.
4. Describe the levels of processing model by Craik and Lockhart.
5. Explain the factors affecting problem solving.
6. Discuss Guilford’s model of intelligence.
7. Define creativity. Describe the stages of creativity.
8. Explain the key issues in the study of cognitive psychology.
9. Seven primary factors given by Thurstone
10. Aspects of creativity
11. Heuristics
12. Long term memory
13. Role of hippocampus in memory
14. Four principles of information processing
15. Neuroscience and cognitive psychology
16. Problem space hypothesis
17. Means-ends analysis
18. Types of problems
Your Life Satisfaction Score (beta) is an indicator of how you thrive in your life: it reflects how well you shape your lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize your overall life satisfaction along the five following dimensions:
►1. Health & fitness, reflecting your physical well-being and healthy habits;
►2. Positive emotions & gratitude, indicating how well you embrace positive emotions;
►3. Skills & expertise, measuring the ability to grow your expertise and achieve something unique;
►4. Social skills & discovery, assessing the strength of your network and your inclination to discover the world;
►5. Leadership & meaning, gauging your compassion, generosity and how much 'you are living the life of your dream'.
Visit www.Authentic-Happiness.com to check your Life Satisfaction score. Free, no registration required.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is an individually administered test that examines the cognitive ability of children and adults falling the age-range of 2 to 85+ years. It examines children with intellectual and developmental deficiencies as well as intellectually gifted individuals. This test originated from The Binet-Simon Scale (1905) and had undergone five major revisions. This presentation gives an overview of all five of them with most emphasis on the fifth edition by Roid (2003).
This Paper presentation is about Life span development i.e lifespan development of human being and its based on Erik Erickson psycho-social stages. It covers human life from prenatal to postnatal and covers stages in between which is Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood.
Intelligence test used in the forensic psychology.
There are different tests are used to measure the intelligence or IQ of a person. Such as,
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Bhatia Battery of Intelligence
Culture Fair test
Wechsler scale
Alexander Pass a long test
etc.
Personality is the key to adjustment and mental health. A healthy, well-developed and well-integrated personality is a guarantee of effective adjustments.”
-Alexander Schneiders
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Assignment Container for MAPC IGNOU Students for 2023 Submission
1. Discuss the structure and functions of language.
2. Critically discuss Das, Naglieri and Kirby’s PASS theory.
3. Explain the barriers to problem solving.
4. Describe the levels of processing model by Craik and Lockhart.
5. Explain the factors affecting problem solving.
6. Discuss Guilford’s model of intelligence.
7. Define creativity. Describe the stages of creativity.
8. Explain the key issues in the study of cognitive psychology.
9. Seven primary factors given by Thurstone
10. Aspects of creativity
11. Heuristics
12. Long term memory
13. Role of hippocampus in memory
14. Four principles of information processing
15. Neuroscience and cognitive psychology
16. Problem space hypothesis
17. Means-ends analysis
18. Types of problems
Your Life Satisfaction Score (beta) is an indicator of how you thrive in your life: it reflects how well you shape your lifestyle, habits and behaviors to maximize your overall life satisfaction along the five following dimensions:
►1. Health & fitness, reflecting your physical well-being and healthy habits;
►2. Positive emotions & gratitude, indicating how well you embrace positive emotions;
►3. Skills & expertise, measuring the ability to grow your expertise and achieve something unique;
►4. Social skills & discovery, assessing the strength of your network and your inclination to discover the world;
►5. Leadership & meaning, gauging your compassion, generosity and how much 'you are living the life of your dream'.
Visit www.Authentic-Happiness.com to check your Life Satisfaction score. Free, no registration required.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is an individually administered test that examines the cognitive ability of children and adults falling the age-range of 2 to 85+ years. It examines children with intellectual and developmental deficiencies as well as intellectually gifted individuals. This test originated from The Binet-Simon Scale (1905) and had undergone five major revisions. This presentation gives an overview of all five of them with most emphasis on the fifth edition by Roid (2003).
This Paper presentation is about Life span development i.e lifespan development of human being and its based on Erik Erickson psycho-social stages. It covers human life from prenatal to postnatal and covers stages in between which is Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood.
Intelligence test used in the forensic psychology.
There are different tests are used to measure the intelligence or IQ of a person. Such as,
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Bhatia Battery of Intelligence
Culture Fair test
Wechsler scale
Alexander Pass a long test
etc.
Personality is the key to adjustment and mental health. A healthy, well-developed and well-integrated personality is a guarantee of effective adjustments.”
-Alexander Schneiders
Personality is the response for the interaction individuals with the factors surround them. This presentation is the detailed description of personality, factors influencing the personality and the positive as well as negative behaviors exhibited at different age-groups . This is prepared and uploaded by Innoclazz Academy
Our last forum will look at social development. Please answer th.docxjakeomoore75037
Our last forum will look at social development. Please answer the following three questions in your initial posting.
1-How is social learning linked to academic learning?
2-How are schools providing for social development for children?
3-What are notable issues on gender-role development in society today and how are we as a family and society reacting?
Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
The focus of this lesson is the emotional and social development in early childhood. It is critical that, during a child’s early years, he or she is exposed to great variety of experiences that contribute to healthy social and emotional growth. Furthermore, this lesson will focus on the ways in which children develop a sense of self. When children interact with peers, they also advance in their social skills and social development. Finally, being aware of the different roles that genetic and environmental influences play on gender-role development will lead to greater understanding of gender expectations for these young children.
TOPICS TO BE COVERED INCLUDE:
· The development of the aspects of the self
· Peer sociability
· Moral development
· Gender-role development
Development of Aspects of the Self
As children learn to talk and their language skills improve, they become more self-aware as seen in the ways in which they subjectively talk about themselves. As children become able to understand their
self-concept
‒ their attributes, attitudes, abilities, and qualities that make them unique ‒ they truly begin to develop a sense of self-awareness. This self-awareness has a profound impact on a child’s emotional and social life. Additionally,
self-esteem
is also affected by children’s awareness of self.
Self-Awareness
· RECOGNIZING SELF AS SEPARATE
·
SELF-AWARENESS GROWS
·
REFERRING TO SELF BY NAME
·
PREFERENCES AND EMOTIONS
In infancy children develop an awareness of their body. As children continue to age, they begin to understand that they are separate beings from others. For example, during late toddlerhood, children learn that they have different emotional states, different characteristics (physical and emotional) and different actions or responses from others.
Psychosocial Developmental Stages
This self-awareness development corresponds to the second stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development. Click on the icons to read about the milestones for each stage.
Age
Erikson’s Stage
1 ½ to 3
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt.
3 to 4
Initiative versus Guilt.
5
Superego
FREUD’S SUPEREGO
CONSCIOUS
PRIDE AND HAPPINESS
IF SUPEREGO IS OVERLY STRICT
SOME SHAME AND GUILT IS NEEDED
Self-Concept
Self-concept is the image that we hold about ourselves. These ideas or images stem from the beliefs that a child has about him or herself as well as how other individuals view that particular child. Self-concept is what children think about themselves, how they evaluate themselves, and perceives themselves.
.
Topic: Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Urooj Fatima
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Daignostic Evaluation.
Student Name: Syeda Wajeeha
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Assembling The Test
Student Name: Naeema Fareed
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall ItemsDr. Amjad Ali Arain
Topic: Objective Type Items, Recognition Type Items and Recall Items
Student Name: Munazza Mohsin Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Test Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Abdul Rauf Ansari
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Student Name: Abdul Hafeez
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Meaning of Test, Testing and Evaluation
Student Name: Wardha Samo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Administration/Conducting the Test
Student Name: Waqar Hassan
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Counselling of Students After Reporting The Results
Student Name: Siraj ul-Haque
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Essay Type Test
Student Name: Shakti Lal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Purpose, Principle, Scope of Test and Evaluation
Student Name: Sawera Khan
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Reliability
Student Name: Sarang Joyo
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Report Test Result to Administration
Student Name: Rooha Shaikh
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Preparing The Test Items
Student Name: Ramsha Saleem
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Validity
Student Name: Parkash Mal
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Learning Objectives
Student Name: Sualiha Lodhi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Reporting Test Results to Parents
Student Name: Fatima Zohra
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Order and Ranking
Student Name: Ansar Hussain
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: Types of Evaluation
Student Name: Aneeqa Hashmi
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Topic: School Evaluation Program
Student Name: Amtal Basit Tooba
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. “Personality is the key to adjustment and
mental health. A healthy, well developed and
well-integrated personality is a guarantee of
effective adjustments.”
4. PERSONALITY: Personality refers to individual
differences in characteristics patterns of thinking
feeling and behaving.
The word “personality” comes from a Latin
words per and sonare.
The term personare literally means “to sound
through”.
The word personare came from these two
words and originally meant actor’s mask
5. Carl Jung: comes up with the concept of
“persona” which means “public image”.
Persona is a mask worn by a person in
response to the demands of social convention.
Personality is the public personality that people
display to those around them
6. Personality development begins at birth and
develops gradually. The infant possesses only
the barest rudiments of personality.
Potentialities for growth should be developed
and the process is known as maturation.
Every feature of personality is influenced by
heredity and at the same time by the
surrounding conditions
7. Personality is not fixed during the first years of
life.
Mental health of children are dependent upon
many factors brought by culture and
standards.
The infant is entirely self-centered.
8. During the child’s second or third year, he or
she usually becomes stubborn, even to
reasonable suggestions and wishes of others.
This resistance to adult authority is a sign of
the child’s self assertion.
By the age of three, the child has already
moved towards further personality
differentiation.
9. The child from four to five years of age is
extremely talkative, and is curious about the
surrounding world.
At this stage, the child can also be expected to
play well with other children and work with
them on common projects.
10. The first five years of life is the period of fastest
growth in all aspects – physical, mental, social, and
emotional development.
Next to feeling loved, the child’s greatest
personality need is for security. It is very
important in developing a stable self-concept,
which is the foundation of child’s personality
development.
The preschool child has a tremendous store of
energy. Because of this and their increase in social
consciousness, he or she begins to understand the
meaning of personal-social relationship
11. The sixth year, because of their growing
concern for ethical and moral behavior.
They are greatly motivated by the sense of
duty and accomplishment. o It is during this
period that latent talents can be discovered.
Also, children often live in a world of fantasy;
they frequently test their imagination through
work and play. Imitation of adult life gives
them expression and understanding of adult
roles in society.
12. Children from six to nine years old are usually
very active full of vigor and very energetic.
Playing continues to be a major preoccupation.
They attain a degree of physical, social, moral,
and emotional competence at this stage.
13. They have the tendency to collect different things,
usually valueless and trivial. But to the child, the
collection is part of his or her world, and hoards
them in special places where they will not be
disturbed.
Children sometimes rebel against their parental
standard because of their attempt to break away
from some dependence from their parents.
Difficulties in learning may arise; social and
speculative interests in group of persons and
classes of objects will begin to develop.
14. The seventh year is a milestone in a child’s life.
This is the age of reason and a big
transformation takes place in the psyche.
He or she becomes very attached to family life,
proud of his or her parents and generally
boasts about them.
15. The figure “7” plays an important role in a
person’s life. Development follows a pattern of
seven cycles:
After the age of reason, an individual goes
through seven years of (age of) puberty
Then follows another seven years of adulthood.
16. Between eight and nine years old
Period of “relaxation” where the child takes
time to rest from the exuberant period that
preceded this age.
Period of preparation for the critical age of
puberty.
The child likes school work and the eagerness
to learn is at its peak.
There comes an attachment to organized and
orderly life; the child plans for the future; he or
she is sociable and polite.
17. The child likes school work and the eagerness
to learn is at its peak.
There comes an attachment to organized and
orderly life; the child plans for the future; he or
she is sociable and polite
18. At age ten, however…
Children become less calm and more difficult
to handle.
Their minds start to move forward, to develop.
They start to make judgments and analyze
things.
They become very critical of anything that
displeases them. Towards the age
19. Towards the age of eleven and twelve…
Children will start to hide behind small
affectations and slyness.
Believes that he or she is misunderstood and
persecuted.
It is also very difficult what is going on inside
their minds.
They do not understand themselves either.
At twelve, childhood begins to fade and
adolescence starts to flourish.
20. The conditions which contribute to the
maintenance of emotional stability in later
life are:
1. Adequate material facilities
(Nourishing food, sleep that is commensurate to
his or her needs and age, and health that is
intelligently safeguarded) 2. Secure home life.
(The need for affection and status should be
satisfied in home. This will result in confidence
and stable outlook in life.)
21. Opportunities for self-expression
(The child should be given reasonable opportunity
for self expression.)
4. Protection from high emotional tension (The
child should be safeguarded against severe
traumatic experiences or situations which they
cannot understand and evaluate.)
5. Opportunities for social living
(It is through social intercourse that emotions are
developed in approved ways.)
22. To grow healthy and strong, children should
have good food, plenty of sleep, exercise and
fresh air. Equally important is the fulfillment of
children’s emotional needs.
To be both healthy and happy, children needs.
Love
Acceptance
24. Adolescence is the period of transition from
dependence on adult direction and protection
to self-determination.
The pubescent stage is from 12-15 years for
females and 14-17 years for males.
Many facets of intelligence develop at a rapid
pace with the onset of adolescence.
25. Emotional attitudes of adolescence are
unpredictable, as they swing from optimism
and enthusiastic cooperation to withdrawal
and pessimistic depression.
Physiological changes make young
adolescents aware of one’s role.
The degree of physical energy, the types of
pleasurable activities engaged in are
representative of the interest of one’s cultural
group.
26. Freedom from parental supervision
The adolescent faces the problem of achieving
self-discipline while still under parental control
and dependent upon the family.
2. Constructive use of leisure
Team sports
Club activities
Hobbies.
27. 3. Sexual relationships:
Emotional difficulties arise because of correct
or inadequate information concerning sex.
4. Peer adjustment
The peer culture acts as transition period reaching
adult status in the community. 5.Intellectual
maturity
Attitudes are formed, which are likely to
remain relatively unchanged throughout life
28. 6. Vocational choice
Adolescent make little or no preparation for an
occupation.
7. Emotional maturity
Adolescent must learn to channel his/her impulse
to constructive endeavors.
8. Development of life goals
One factor in attaining maturity involves the
development of life goals and healthy personal
philosophy
29. Personality is basically developmental in
nature and factors, such as learning, training,
and discipline, are of primary importance in its
development. These factors are experienced at
home, in the school and in the community.
Home and Mental Health
The home is the first and most significant agency
that affects the life of a child. Aside from physical
care, a satisfactory family life is indispensable to
the adequate development of the child.
30. Because of the relation between personality and
environment, family cohesion and disruption are
fundamentally important to adjustment and
mental health. The saying “a broken home results
in a broken child” has been found to be true in
many instances.
The following aspects of inter-parental relationships
were found to be factors to child adjustment:
1. Tension over matters of sex
2. Problems of ascendancy-submission
3. Lack of consideration for each other.
31. 4. Lack of cooperation concerning the upbringing
of the child
5. Extramarital relations
6. Problems of health
7. Insufficient to talk over differences to mutually
acceptable solutions
8. Insufficient expressions of affection
9. Tension over friends, work, and relatives
32. M.F Nimkoff described a good home as “one
in which the child has parents who love each
other, who love him, understand his interests,
and do what they can to help him realize them
and thus achieve adequate adjustment.”
33. Emotional rejection of the child
Rejection may be defined as an overt behavior
toward an individual which leads him to believe
that he is neither loved nor valued. The following
are practice which indicates parental rejection:
1. Emphasis on the children’s shortcomings
2. 2. Severe punishment and negative responses
34. 3. Rigid discipline
4. Desertion
5. Eviction
6. Unfavorable comparisons with other children 7.
Unfavorable verbal statements indicating the he or
she is unwanted
35. Some parents are so rigid and
uncompromising with their standards that
anxiety is created in the child. Thumb-sucking,
nail biting and bed-wetting, which frequently
are the results of anxiety, are met by threats
and restraints by the parents.
36. A submissive parent is one who capitulates to
unrealistic demands and requests, usually
following pressures and teasing by the child.
Submissive behavior of parents tends to
develop conceit, over-confidence, disobedience,
and disrespect for authority in children.
37. Overprotecting the child
Overprotection of parents involves over attention
and pampering without offering opportunities for
the child to make decisions or to assume
responsibilities
. Factors which appear to account for such
overindulgence:
a. Absence of love and affection in the parent’s
own childhood.
b. b. Inharmonious marital relationships
38. C. Frustrations of personal achievement or
thwarting of vocational aspirations
d. Loss of mate or of another child
Other Detrimental Practices Common to Parents
Some parents wish to relive their lives through
their children’s career and thus impose their
vocational or professional ambitions without
regard to the child’s own interest and abilities
39. Some parents who have acquired considerable
social and economic prestige because of their
perseverance and drive expect their children to
be like them.
A parent who has a strong preference for a
child of a given sex is likely to make a child of
the undesired sex feel unwanted and/or will
focus emphasis on the preferred sex
characteristics.
40. Child rearing practices of parents are greatly
influenced by the manner in which they
themselves were reared. The adults upon
whom the child must depend on the exert the
greatest influence on the child’s life- the
parents, Grandparents, aunts, uncles, or an
elder sibling.
Mother-child relationship
Father-child relationship
Parent Surrogates
41. Through the years, the accepted social and
educational philosophy of child rearing is that
control based on authority and command.
Some still believe that severe regulation of
children is essential for their development. Yet,
when too rigidly enforced, discipline lays the
foundation for later rebellion.
42. The modern view of discipline does not
dispense with punishment but utilizes it only
when there are certain indications that it will
result in improved adjustment on the part of
the child. Punishment is no longer regarded as
an end in itself or as a repressive measure, but
as means to develop socially desirable behavior
43. Mental hygienists have long been faced with
the problem of ascertaining the criteria of “full
maturity”, as well as determining what
characteristics mirror the “healthy” versus the
unhealthy” society.
There is no sharp demarcation line between
normal and abnormal behavior. The difference
between normal behavior and abnormal
behavior is more on the degree that in kind.
44. PERCIVAL M. SYMONDS CONCEPTS OF
MENTAL HEALTH INCLUDES
1. A balance or a compromise between the
demands of society and the desires of the
individual.
2. Maturity, or the absence of infantile and
childish patterns.
3. Adequate functioning, or the ability to
surmount severe threats and frustrating
situation.
45. Mental health is the achievement of a satisfactory
adjustment to the requirements of reality. It is a
condition where the basis needs of the individual
are the adequately satisfied and the behavior
patterns adapted conform to the requirements of a
given culture.
The social criteria of a mentally healthy person
include the determination of how closely a person
resembles others in term of behavior; how well one
gets along and is like by others; how much one
contributes to and supports his or her social group;
and; how much one conform to the codes, laws or
ideals of society or social group.
46. The individual criteria for mental health
concerns the person him or herself, his or her
happiness, the ability to withstand
psychological stress, the assumption of
personal responsibility, a favorable r realistic
self- perception and self- actualization.
A functional criteria would involved the
ability of the person to cope with the
environmental stresses and demand efficiently,
productively, and maturely.
47. Maintain a sound physically health 2. Develop
a wholesome outlook in life. 3. Gain confidence
through achieving even small successes. 4.
Learn to enjoy people and to make stimulating
social contacts. 5. Cultivate a variety of actives
interests. 6. Conquer fears by facing them.
48. 7.Adopt a wholesome attitude towards ex
matters.
8. Develop sensible independence.
9. Plan a balanced program of work and play.
10. Beware of alluring escapes.
11. Learn to face things as they are.
12. Strive for a balanced satisfaction of life’s
needs.
13. Remember that time is a great healer.
49. Healthy interpersonal relationships are good
for personality development and, hence, basic
of mental health. The following are some of the
things a person can do to improve relations
with others.
1. LEARN TO LIKE PEOPLE – Do not expect
people to respond favorably unless one show
interest in them.
2. LEARN TO UNDERSTAND PEOPLE –
Every individual, old or young, has cherished
hopes, interest and forms of recreation
50. LEARN TO BE CONSIDERATE – Practically
everyone reacts favorably to thoughtful people.
Thoughtful person give time and effort to help
others with their problems.
4. LEARN TO BE SOCIALLY SKILLFUL – a
socially skillful person avoids arguments and
seldom says what he or she thinks. They avoid
crude frankness in favor of intelligently
worded commendations to those who deserved
it.