Development and role of parenting

1. ASSIGNMENT 1
PSYCHOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF
PARENTING IN DEVELOPMENT OF A
CHILD
NAME- AYESHA SABAHATH
GROUP AND COMBINATION- BA PEP
FINAL YEAR

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychological development, Development of
cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities
and functioning over the course of one’s life. It is the
subject matter of the discipline of developmental
psychology. In infancy, language is acquired, perception,
emotion, and memory take shape, and learning and motor
skills develop. In childhood, speech emerges, cognitive
abilities advance from concrete to abstract operations,
emotional responses become more sophisticated, and
empathy and moral reasoning begin to be employed.
Adolescence is a time of rapid emotional and intellectual
growth, while adulthood is characterized by the maturing
of all developmental processes.

3. INFANCY
the period between birth and the acquisition of language one to two years later. Besides a set of inherited
reflexes that help them obtain nourishment and react to danger, newborns are equipped with a predilection for
certain visual patterns, including that of the human face, and for certain sounds, including that of the human
voice. Within a few months they are able to identify their mothers by sight, and they show a striking sensitivity
to the tones, rhythmic flow, and individual sounds that make up human speech. Even young infants are capable
of complex perceptual judgments involving distance, shape, direction, and depth, and they are soon able to
organize their experience by creating categories for objects and events (e.g., people, furniture, food, animals) in
the same way older people do.

4. CHILDHOOD
• The second major phase in human development, childhood, extends from one or two years of age until
the onset of adolescence at age 12 or 13. The early years of childhood are marked by enormous strides
in the understanding and use of language. Children begin to comprehend words some months before
they themselves actually speak. Infants on average speak their first words by 12–14 months, and by the
18th month they have a speaking vocabulary of about 50 words. Children begin to use two- and then
three-word combinations and progress from simple noun-verb combinations to more grammatically
complex sequences, using conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and tenses with growing fluency and
accuracy. By their fourth year most children can speak in adultlike sentences and have begun to master
the more complex rules of grammar and meaning.

5. ADOLESCENCE
• Physically, adolescence begins with the onset of puberty at 12 or 13 and culminates at age 19 or 20 in adulthood.
Intellectually, adolescence is the period when the individual becomes able to systematically formulate hypotheses or
propositions, test them, and make rational evaluations. The formal thinking of adolescents and adults tends to be self-
consciously deductive, rational, and systematic. Emotionally, adolescence is the time when individuals learn to control
and direct their sex urges and begin to establish their own sexual roles and relationships. The second decade of life is
also a time when individuals lessen their emotional (if not physical) dependence on their parents and develop a
mature set of values and responsible self-direction.

6. ADULTHOOD
• is a period of optimum mental functioning when the individual’s intellectual, emotional, and
social capabilities are at their peak to meet the demands of career, marriage, and children.
Some psychologists delineate various periods and transitions in early to middle adulthood that
involve crises or reassessments of one’s life and result in decisions regarding new commitments
or goals. During the middle 30s people develop a sense of time limitation, and previous
behaviour patterns or beliefs may be given up in favour of new ones.

7. MIDDLE AGE
• period of adjustment between the potentialities of the past and the limitations of the future. An
emotional rebellion has been observed in some persons, sometimes referred to as a midlife crisis,
engendered by the recognition that less time remains to be lived than has been lived already. In
women, dramatic shifts in hormone production lead to the onset of menopause. Often women whose
children have grown or left home experience the “empty-nest syndrome”—feeling unwanted or
unneeded. During late middle age, individuals become more aware of ill health and thus may
consciously or unconsciously alter the patterns of their lives. Individuals accept the limits of their
accomplishments and either take satisfaction in them or despair and become anxious over unachieved
goals or unrealized aspirations. During old age, sensory and perceptual skills, muscular strength, and
memory tend to diminish, though intelligence does not. These changes, together with retirement from
active employment, tend to make the elderly more dependent on their children or other younger
people, both emotionally and physically

8. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN A CHILD’S
DEVELOPMENT? HOW CAN THEY HELP?
• Parents play the most crucial part in their children's overall development. The development of a
child's character is dependent on parental direction. Parenting is a never-ending task. It's not
something you can avoid once the time comes, because children need their parents to keep them on
course from time to time. Here's everything you need to know about parents' roles in their children's
growth.
The Importance of Parents' Roles in Child Development
Parenting and child growth are inextricably linked. The proverbs "the apple does not fall far from the
tree" and "the branch grows as the twig develops" can both be used to explain the effects of parenting
techniques on child development and growth.
All development is intertwined and cannot be classified into neat categories. So let's concentrate on
how parents can play an active role in ensuring that the child's growing years are worthwhile. Parents
play a vital, ever-changing, and responsive role in their children's development. It controls a child's
reactions, activities, reasoning, and decision-making in the following domains.

9. • Cognitive Development: Positive parenting improves children’s cognitive, social, and problem-solving abilities as they grow older. Positive parenting has an
impact on their responses and helps them develop into better people as they grow older. In the early years, interaction and stimulation are crucial. It’s all
about recognising problems, dealing effectively with all situations, and developing traits like discipline, time management, and effective problem-solving
through simple home routines.
• Socio-Cultural Development: Children witness spouse contact and how family disputes are resolved. It instils in them a number of positive ideals
that are essential to their development. The child learns how to interact with others, how to work together toward a common goal, how to develop
team spirit, how to choose the right friends, and much more.
•
Physical Development: The achievement of age-related milestones isn’t the only objective. Through play-and-learn, children learn about being
healthy, exercising regularly, working as part of a team, eating the right foods, and growing in a safe environment. Parents who provide appropriate
guidance can instil in their children a healthy exercise and diet regimen that will help them achieve optimal physical development. It’s important for
parents to remember that children lead by example.
• Mental Development: Parenting styles can help a child learn in new ways, accept setbacks and overcome them, understand discipline, receive
criticism, and understand the concept of reward and punishment. It shapes their thoughts by governing their responses to stimuli.
• Spiritual Development: Understanding religion, praying, understanding right from wrong, being empathetic, having the appropriate ethical
principles, appreciating your parents, and boosting goal-setting empower children’s free spirits. Instilling in your children a feeling of purpose by
teaching them to be more accepting and believing in the greater good. Allow children to investigate spirituality on their own rather than forcing
them to follow a particular faith.

10. CONCLUSION
• Clearly, parents play a huge role in their child’s development. Children tend to look up to their parents
and mirror them. Now let’s explore this concept in a different light. What if you were told that you can
help your child with therapy at home? That’s right! You don’t have to reach out to other people, jump
from one therapist to another, or wait out during therapy sessions having no idea how to help. It is
pretty common for parents to feel helpless throughout this whole journey and rightfully so since they
don’t get to actively participate in the treatment process.
• THANKYOU