emotional social implact

1. Emotional, Social and
Intellectual Development
Dr. Javaid Iqbal

2. Emotional Development
Emotional development, emergence of the experience, expression,
understanding, and regulation of emotions from birth and the growth
and change in these capacities throughout childhood, adolescence,
and adulthood. The development of emotions occurs in conjunction with
neural, cognitive, and behavioral development and emerges within a
particular social and cultural context.

3. Kids experience many of the same emotions as their parents. These can
be confusing, and they often do not know how to talk about their
feelings.
Children sometimes act in inappropriate ways because they have not
developed an understanding of those emotions or how to express them
in the correct ways.
Because of the close connection with social growth, you often see
‘emotional development’ referred to as ‘social-emotional.’
This area of human development includes how children feel about and
act towards the people and situations in their lives.

4. The ‘development’ aspect entails children gradually learning to deal
with, discuss, and control emotions, such as fear, jealousy, anger, and
sadness.
They also learn to experience and react to feelings of love, happiness,
and excitement in a controlled manner.
Although you can find commonalities among children at certain stages
and ages, they develop at different rates and are certainly not all alike.

5. Emotional Development Stages By
Age
• Developmental psychologist Erik Erikson (1902-1994) believed that
the human development socialization process occurred in eight stages.
• Three of those proposed stages, in which children gain trust,
autonomy, and initiative take place during early childhood.

6. Infancy to Age 1
During stage 1, facial expressions of infants show happiness, fear, and
anger. Babies learn to react with smiles to positive input, such as voices,
touch, and even smells.
Adults can usually soothe infants with touch, voices and smells. Many
babies discover self-soothing techniques like sucking their thumbs.
At least by the half-year mark, children typically know appropriate ways
to express happiness, fear, or anger. They learn these skills
through responses and feedback modelled by their parents or other
caregivers.
Erik Erikson maintained that children whose parents nurture them
correctly during this stage develop trust, security and hope.

7. How Can Parents Support Growth
• Offer physical comfort and affection
• Hold while feeding babies
• Talk, read, and sing to children from infancy
• Respond positively in words and tone
• Exhibit consistency and predictability in responses
• Acknowledge emotions
• Offer names for child’s feelings
• Set fair limits firmly and calmly
• Establish daily routines

8. 2. Toddlerhood (Ages 1 and 2)
In stage 2, toddlers often point to things as a way of interacting with others
and use interactive gestures like waving goodbye.
They commonly take part in interactive play
During this stage, toddlers typically begin to learn empathy, such as feeling
upset if another child cries.
They also take part in pretend play like stirring “food” in a play cooking pot,
and they engage in parallel play next to other children.
Many call this stage the ‘terrible twos.’ Most toddlers have strong
emotions but have not yet learned how to fully express those in acceptable
ways. They rely on caring adults to help them with the words they need.
Toddlers also look to adults to serve as models of how to stay calm.
In Erikson’s Development, this phase could last until around age 3. He wrote
that children with supportive parents usually have confidence, will, self-
control, and pride.

9. How Can Parents Support Growth
• Encourage curiosity and independence
• Stay calm and offer comfort after outbursts
• Address anger as a valid emotion
• Maintain consistency in allowed activities
• Talk to your children and use names for their feelings
• Offer praise and encouragement
• Model empathy for others
• Encourage social games and taking turns
• Model effective communication with others

10. 3. Preschooler (Ages 3 to 5)
During stage 3, emotional development in preschool kids includes learning
to control emotions and impulses to fitting with socially acceptable reactions.
They often attempt to test limits and rely on their parents and caregivers
for guidance.
Preschoolers also practice controlling their aggression toward others. They
usually gain cooperative play skills, such as taking turns and sharing.
Erikson called this phase the ‘play age,’ and it lasts throughout preschool until
children enter formal school.
According to him, the goals in this stage include
using imagination, cooperating with others, and serving effectively as
both leaders and followers.

11. How Can Parents Support Growth
• Help children develop trust in other caring adults
• Give children your full attention when they talk
• Offer opportunities to play with others
• Keep interactions positive and express your own feelings verbally
• Encourage initiative
• Discuss the feelings of others
• Offer praise and encouragement
• Give positive feedback when they express feelings appropriately
• Encourage playing with others, taking turns, and sharing
• Try some fun feelings activities with your preschoolers

12. Examples of Emotional Development
• These are a few emotional development examples:
• Showing affection for others
• Expressing awareness of their own feelings and those of others
• Displaying self-control and management of emotions
• Paying attention to and being observant of others
• Forming healthy friendships
• Expressing feelings through words
• Exhibiting pride in accomplishments
• Asking for help if needed but showing independence when possible
• Exhibiting a positive self-image
• Learning from mistakes
• Building healthy relationships with adults

13. Social Development
Social development is a process through which children learn to build
relationships, It involves learning of knowledge and skills necessary to
understand how to get along with others.
Social development implies the development of an individual in such a
way as he becomes a useful member of the society or the group hto
which he belongs. A child not only develops in physically, mentally,
emotionally but socially as well.

15. Stages of Social Development
• There are four early stages of social development
1. Infancy (0-2 years)
2. Early Childhood (2-6 years)
3. Late Childhood (6-12 years)
4. Adolescence (12-18 years)

16. Characteristics of Social Development During
Social development in babies consists of skin-to-skin contact, feeding,
talking to baby, story time and cuddles. These are all ways to start
helping your little one feel like a part of a community, which at this
stage is the family.
Newborns are capable of imitating facial expressions, demonstrating an
understanding of how another’s actions relate to their own. Within
weeks, they are cooing and intentionally smiling, responding in rhythm
to their caregiver’s communications. By the end of the first three
months, most families feel they “know” their infant, and that they have
meaningful 2-way communication. Until approximately your
baby’s first birthday, he and his primary caretaker are often
immersed in an intimate dyad of love and learning.

17. At the age of 0-2, children are engaged in relationships, trying to develop a
sense of being nurtured and loved. They seek a relationship that engenders
trust, security, and a sense of optimism. If they succeed, they will have
mastered the basic psychosocial goals of this age and will advance in
development with a strong and secure sense of the world and their place
within it. For it is only from a place of secure attachment that a baby is safe
enough to explore the larger world around her.
Around 9-12 months, babies become more interested in exploration. This
drive often coincides with their learning to crawl and/or walk, which leads to
new adventures further away from nurturing caretakers. They begin to point
to objects, an important developmental milestone that demonstrates their
ability to establish a shared focus with another. Pointing thus allows
interactions to expand to include objects and actions, enlarging babies’ ability
to learn through more complex interactions.

18. • Between 9 and 18 months, babies develop a more sophisticated understanding not
only of other people and things, but also themselves. For example, if you secretly
put a spot on a 15-month-old baby’s nose and put them in front of the mirror, they
don’t behave any differently. Do the same to an 18 month old and they stare at the
dot and then try and remove it from their face. Thus, it is not until around 18
months that a baby recognizes the image in the mirror is actually himself, and not
just a different playful toddler.
• Nine to eighteen months is also the time when stranger anxiety begins, where
babies hang back with less well-known adults. They will also show displeasure (at
least initially) when their primary caretakers leave the room or put them in the
care of another. According to British psychologist John Bowlby, this attachment
serves a useful function. That is, it allows a sort of equilibrium between a baby’s
increasing need to venture out and explore, and his need for a secure base to
protect and guide him. The sense of security that a primary caregiver provides can
then be carried with a child when she explores, allowing her to continue to meet
the additional developmental drive for exploration and discovery. The ongoing
development of this secure base allows babies to “graduate” from Erikson’s Trust
vs Mistrust stage.

19. Early Childhood (2-6 years)
• Cooperate with others
• Participate in group activities
• Enjoy role playing
• Outgoing friendly
• Imaginary playmates or companies are common
• Like entertaining people
• Showing affection towards others

20. Late Childhood (6-12 years)
• Group Leadership
• Group Loyalties
• Group Adjustments
• Group Play
• Team Games
• Importance of groups
• Gender Differentiation

21. Adolescence (12-18 years)
• Gender Consciousness
• Social Consciousness
• Group Loyalties
• Social Services
• Leadership
• Sympathy
• Cooperation
• Competition

22. Intellectual Development
• Cognitive or intellectual development is the changing process of
thoughts, learning and understanding. As a child develops from
infancy to adulthood, cognitive development is the acquisition of the
ability to think reason and problem solve.
• Cognitive development is the construction of thought process
including remembering, problem solving and decision making rom
childhood through adolescence to adulthood
• Cognitive or intellectual development means the growth of a child’s
ability to think and reason. It's about how they organize their minds,
ideas and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in

23. Cognitive Development During Infancy
• Pays attention to faces
• Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people at a distance
• Begins to act bored (cries, fussy) if activity does not change
• Looks around at things nearby
• Brings things to mouth
• Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of reach
• Begins to pass things from one hand to another

24. • Language Development
• Day dreaming
• Fairy tales
• Starts to use things correctly (like drinks from a cup, brushes hair)
• Bangs two things together
• Puts things in a container, takes things out of a container
• Lets things go without help
• Pokes with index (pointer) finger
• Follows simple directions like "pick up the toy"

25. • Imaginary World is the real World
• Can follow one-step verbal commands without any gestures; for example, sits
when you say "sit down”
• Completes sentences and rhymes in familiar books
• Plays simple make-believe games
• Builds towers of four or more blocks
• Might use one hand more than the other
• Follows two-step directions like, "Pick up your shoes and put them in the
closet"

26. Cognitive Development During Childhood
• Rich in Vocabulary
• Curious
• Thinking Power
• Reality of Real World
• Development of Concepts and Interests
• Power of Perception becomes more accurate

27. Cognitive Development During
Adolescence
• Thinking is Abstract and Hypothetical
• Capacity to Reason
• Problem Solving
• Thoughts as Private Matter
• Intellectual Maturity
• Concepts of Geometry, space, numbers etc

28. Thank you