The document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough literature review when beginning a research project. It outlines the key stages of the research process, including defining the research problem, conducting a literature review to understand what is already known about the topic, developing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings. The literature review helps to clarify ideas, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and inform the research methods used. Understanding the history and current state of research in the field is crucial for developing a strong research question and contributing new knowledge through the project.
This set of slides explains the process of defining and refining the 'problem statement' in social and economic sciences. Also, it sheds light on the components of 'research proposal'. It is (Lecture 3(A)) the companion lecture of my earlier uploaded lecture on this topic (i.e., Lecture 3(B)) of this module.
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
Research Awareness Programme-research & developmentlochan100
Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology
Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108
NAAC Accredited
Department of Information Technology developed By Dr PL Pradhan
Second Year B.E. (Fifth Semester)
Research & Development
Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology
Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108
NAAC Accredited
Literature reviewing, some available technology tools to make your literature reviewing better. Planning a literature review, searching for optimal results, use the right resources, fast reading trick for articles, fighting procrastination. Do more in a shorter time with more comprehension and efficiency.
This set of slides explains the process of defining and refining the 'problem statement' in social and economic sciences. Also, it sheds light on the components of 'research proposal'. It is (Lecture 3(A)) the companion lecture of my earlier uploaded lecture on this topic (i.e., Lecture 3(B)) of this module.
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
Research Awareness Programme-research & developmentlochan100
Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology
Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108
NAAC Accredited
Department of Information Technology developed By Dr PL Pradhan
Second Year B.E. (Fifth Semester)
Research & Development
Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology
Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108
NAAC Accredited
Literature reviewing, some available technology tools to make your literature reviewing better. Planning a literature review, searching for optimal results, use the right resources, fast reading trick for articles, fighting procrastination. Do more in a shorter time with more comprehension and efficiency.
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If I make any mistake, please forgive. I just collect information from different resource and online courses. Combine it together and make a checklist.
The nature of qualitative research formulating research questio.docxdennisa15
The nature of qualitative research: formulating research questions and developing a literature review
Dr Jo Cartwright
Outline for today
Research aims and objectives
Literature reviews
Exercises
Analyse good and bad examples of aims and objectives
Handout – developing your own aims and objectives
Analyse good and bad examples of student literature reviews
Literature review analysis of 5-10 journal articles of your choice
Thinking about your research area
Will be conducting a dissertation next year
Seems a long way off but it is worth giving yourself a good deal of time to think about what you want to conduct your research on
Also can use this module as a ‘testing ground’ to develop your initial ideas and receive feedback
Importance of research questions
Guide your literature search
Guide your decisions about the kind of research design to employ
Guide your decisions about what data to collect and from whom
Guide your analysis of the data
Guide your writing up of the data
Stop you from going off on tangents
Possible sources of research questions
Opposing theoretical perspectives
Contrasting perspectives on women’s choice or structural barriers explaining their lack of progression into SM jobs.
The existing literature
Gaps in the gender equality literature on barriers of SPL for homosexual couples in the workplace
Different organisational structures
Barriers for SPL take-up in flexible vs traditional organisational structures
New methods or theories in new settings
Barriers for SPL take up in the gig economy
New social and technical developments
The role of Brexit on recruitment and retention in xxx industry, or organisational responses to the ageing workforce in xxx industry.
Personal experience
Aesthetic labour in retail
SM = SENIOR MANAGEMENT; SPL = SHARED PARENTAL LEAVE
6
Formulating research questions
Most students want to conduct research into areas that are of personal interest to them
Start out with a general research area or objective
This should then be narrowed down to develop a tighter focus out of which research questions can be developed
Very open ended research is risky and leads to too much data and confusion when writing up
No or poor research questions = poor research
Framework for crafting research questions
Identifying a research question flow - chart
I don’t have a research question, where do I start? Narrow down a research area of interest
1) Narrow down an area of interest (i.e. Growth theory, monetary policy, fiscal policy etc.)
2) Within that area of interest try to answer a research question that:
Has either not been addressed before;
Or has been addressed but that you could extend in a significant way (i.e. new data-set, different econometric/theoretical approach etc.);
Or pioneer a new research area of economics (not recommended)
Note: before you identify a research question it is crucial that you narrow down a research area of interest!
Literature review ( when I don’t have a research q.
The nature of qualitative research formulating research questio.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The nature of qualitative research: formulating research questions and developing a literature review
Dr Jo Cartwright
Outline for today
Research aims and objectives
Literature reviews
Exercises
Analyse good and bad examples of aims and objectives
Handout – developing your own aims and objectives
Analyse good and bad examples of student literature reviews
Literature review analysis of 5-10 journal articles of your choice
Thinking about your research area
Will be conducting a dissertation next year
Seems a long way off but it is worth giving yourself a good deal of time to think about what you want to conduct your research on
Also can use this module as a ‘testing ground’ to develop your initial ideas and receive feedback
Importance of research questions
Guide your literature search
Guide your decisions about the kind of research design to employ
Guide your decisions about what data to collect and from whom
Guide your analysis of the data
Guide your writing up of the data
Stop you from going off on tangents
Possible sources of research questions
Opposing theoretical perspectives
Contrasting perspectives on women’s choice or structural barriers explaining their lack of progression into SM jobs.
The existing literature
Gaps in the gender equality literature on barriers of SPL for homosexual couples in the workplace
Different organisational structures
Barriers for SPL take-up in flexible vs traditional organisational structures
New methods or theories in new settings
Barriers for SPL take up in the gig economy
New social and technical developments
The role of Brexit on recruitment and retention in xxx industry, or organisational responses to the ageing workforce in xxx industry.
Personal experience
Aesthetic labour in retail
SM = SENIOR MANAGEMENT; SPL = SHARED PARENTAL LEAVE
6
Formulating research questions
Most students want to conduct research into areas that are of personal interest to them
Start out with a general research area or objective
This should then be narrowed down to develop a tighter focus out of which research questions can be developed
Very open ended research is risky and leads to too much data and confusion when writing up
No or poor research questions = poor research
Framework for crafting research questions
Identifying a research question flow - chart
I don’t have a research question, where do I start? Narrow down a research area of interest
1) Narrow down an area of interest (i.e. Growth theory, monetary policy, fiscal policy etc.)
2) Within that area of interest try to answer a research question that:
Has either not been addressed before;
Or has been addressed but that you could extend in a significant way (i.e. new data-set, different econometric/theoretical approach etc.);
Or pioneer a new research area of economics (not recommended)
Note: before you identify a research question it is crucial that you narrow down a research area of interest!
Literature review ( when I don’t have a research q.
The material can be used without any restriction wha so ever is. It is usefu for teachrers, students and practioners. The contents can be relicated, reprinted but shall not be used for trade.
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This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The importance of knowing the history of your m
1. The Importance Of Knowing The History Of
Your Research Project
SOOAD AL-DAIHAN
2. • Research Definition
• Research Problem
• Research Process
• Importance of Literature Review
• Summary
Outcomes
Outline
You will be able to:
• Clarify your ideas and the gap of knowledge of your research interest
• Find data related to your work and research methods to conduct your project
• Identify potential issues with the work you plan to do
3. The Generation & Communication Of Research Knowledge
conducted by individuals,
institution and association
Research Is
Critical evaluation
Interpretative work
research
Information Is Generated From
Conference Paper Journals Lectures Meetings Reports Seminars
Thesis
Communicated Via
Accessed through
Electronic media Hardcopy
4. Research is a combination of both experience and reasoning and
must be regarded as the most successful approach to the discovery
of truth. (Cohen and Manion, 1994)
“Nothing contributes to the quality of your research more than
your commitment to it.”
“Readers of research papers don’t want just information; they
want the answer to a question worth asking.” (Booth et al, 1994)
5.
6. What is Research?
Research Can Be Define As:
i. The systematic investigation into the study of materials, sources etc. in order to establish facts and reach
new conclusions (Oxford Encyclopaedic English Dictionary).
ii. An endeavour to discover new or collate old facts etc. by the scientific study of a subject or by a course of
critical investigation (OEED, 1991).
iii. Research is a procedure by which we attempt to find systematically, and with the support of demonstrable
fact, the answer to a question or the resolution of a problem (Leedy, 1989).
iv. The systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about
presumed relations among natural phenomena. (Kerlinger, 1970).
7. Research Problem
• The shortest way of describing the contents of this lecture is
to say that it provides a starting point for your research
efforts.
• An essential early step in the process of research is to find a
research problem.
You must have one example of problem statement from any journal
paper or research paper within your field
Sitting down to read a 50
to 100 literature reviews/
papers not a simple task
but…..
8. Narrowing your topic is not done by following a step-by-step formula.
It is integrated with library/net research.
One way to narrow your topic is to learn more about it – expose yourself to background information.
As you begin to understand more about your topic, you will see better where you might want to go.
10. Cancer research
Social issue
Economics
Risk of mortality/ morbidity
Research Centers
Universities
Hospitals
Laboratory
Molecular Biology
Experiments
Clinical Experiments
Biomedical
Experiments
Epidemiology
Experiments
11. Your Research Area And Question:
Your “ Slice Of The Cake”
Boundaries: Issues And Areas
You Are Now Exploring
Whole Cake: Someone else can ask
questions about or explore this
area, or you might later.
THE RESEARCH CAKE
Research questions usually stem from practice and serve to inform and develop practice.
12. • There are two basic considerations that must be honored in finding a research problem:
i. It must represent an actual problem somewhere - a "pain point" for some practitioner of some useful
activity
ii. It must be something that has not yet been found, obviously. Remember the perceived "hole" in the
field of knowledge.
13. Conducting any type of research project without conducting a
literature review can be likened to travelling to a strange and
exotic country but never coming out of your hotel room.
14. To develop a strong research question from your ideas, you should
ask yourself the following questions:
1. Do I know the field and its literature well?
2. What are the important research questions in my field?
3. What areas need further exploration?
4. Could my research fill a gap? Lead to greater understanding?
5. Has a great deal of research already been conducted in this topic area?
6. Has this study been done before? If so, is there room for improvement?
7. Is the timing right for this question to be answered? Is it a hot topic or is it becoming obsolete?
8. Most importantly, will my research attract the interest of a potential thesis director?
15. Research Process
• A simple summary of the relationships between five
main elements of the research process can be mapped.
• Is it clear to you how progress is achieved, and at which
point you can enter the system?
• The knowledge gained and questions raised at each turn
provide the basis for the next cycle.
History of your research
17. An effective literature review (sometimes called “background and
significance” or “theoretical orientation”) is essential to every successful
proposal/research, from art history to chemical engineering, and from early
graduate study fellowships and small grants to completion
fellowships and postdocs. (Bitting, 2012)
19. What is a Literature Review?
• A literature review is a synopsis of other research. Moreover, it is a critical appraisal of other research on a
given topic that helps to put that topic in context (Machi and McEvoy, 2009).
• Whatever the approach, the purpose of the review is to provide an analysis and synthesis of all the
available literature on a given subject in a critical fashion. This then allows for further understanding of the
subject in the context of what is already known. Furthermore, it can lead to the development of new
research questions.
20. Literature search and review on
your topic
What are the key sources?
What are the key theories,
concepts and ideas?
What are the main questions
and problems that have been
addressed to date?
What are the major issues
and debates about the topic?
How is knowledge on the topic
structured and organized?
How have approaches to these questions increased our
understanding and knowledge?
21. 1. Select a
topic
2. Search and
choose the
literature
3. Analyze the
literature
4. Start your
research
methodology
and collect
Data
5. interpret
your data
compare to
the literature
Literature Review Process
22. The Importance of Reviewing the Literature
• The importance of the literature review is directly related to its aims and purpose.
• Nursing and allied health disciplines contain a vast amount of ever increasing literature and research that is
important to the ongoing development of practice. The literature review is an aid to gathering and synthesizing
that information.
• The purpose of the literature review is to draw on and critique previous studies in an orderly, precise and
analytical manner. The fundamental aim of a literature review is to provide a comprehensive picture of the
knowledge relating to a specific topic.
• For example, if one is proposing to undertake a research project, then the purpose of the literature review is to
situate that project in its relevant context or background. It does this by drawing on previous work, ideas and
information.
• In addition, a good review will extract and critically evaluate the pertinent findings and issues that have emerged
from previous work (Hart, 2010). By doing so, it provides justification for the proposed research and
demonstrates a thorough grasp of background knowledge.
23. • All reviews, irrespective to the topic, are written from a particular perspective and standpoints of the
reviewers.
• A major product of academic programs in postgraduate education is the thesis. Table below provides a
summary of the function and format of the literature review at different postgraduate level.
24. Why is the literature review so important?
• A specific and reproducible method is used to identify, select, and appraise all the studies of a previously
agreed level of quality that are relevant to a particular question. The results of the studies are then analyzed
and summarized. A good research synthesis can generally give us the most reliable estimate of the
effectiveness of a specific intervention, and it can identify gaps in our knowledge that require further
research. It can also give us a sense of the strength of the available evidence and the quality of the studies.
• Light and Pillemer (1984) have written that ‘disagreements among findings are valuable … [and that]
conflicts can teach us a lot’.
26. Conclusion
• By undertaking a literature review you are able to critically summarize the current knowledge in the area under
investigation, identifying any strengths and weaknesses in previous work, so helping you to identify them in your own
research and thus eliminate the potential weaknesses, whilst bringing to the fore the potential strengths.
• Furthermore, it can help to inspire and generate new ideas by highlighting inconsistencies in current knowledge
(Aveyard, 2010).
• Remember, a well defined and a structured research problem is the heart of the research project. Vague research
problem is the weakest point in your research.
27. References
•Arguing For The Importance Of Your Research: The Literature Review; October 24, 2012 By Kelsey Bitting
•Constructing `Do-able' Problems In Cancer Research: Articulating Alignment (1987) Joan H. Fujimura.
•Light Rj, Pillemer Db (1984). Summing Up. Cambridge: Harvard University.
•Robin Kiteley And Chris Stogdon 2014. Literature Reviews In Social Work.
• Aveyard, H. (2010) Doing a Literature Review in Health and Social Care: A Practical Guide. Maidenhead: Open
University Press.
Editor's Notes
This figure provides an overview showing the main sources of knowledge and tools by which most of it is organized