The document provides an overview of the research process for students. It discusses the key stages of research including defining the scope, conducting a literature review, developing research questions and hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. It also compares the research process for students, academics, and industry professionals. Students start from a different position than professionals and must learn about topics before developing their own research. The document emphasizes searching literature databases and libraries to discover relevant sources and gain background on topics.
The document provides guidance on developing a research proposal. It defines a research proposal as a detailed plan of study that presents ideas in an accessible way and describes what will be done, why it should be done, how it will be done, and expected results. Key aspects of a proposal discussed include properly defining the research problem, identifying sources of research ideas, selecting an appropriate topic based on criteria like contribution and feasibility, and including essential components like a literature review. The literature review aims to provide understanding of prior work on the topic and prevent unnecessary duplication.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses why they are important. The presentation covers the literature review process, including defining the research question, searching for sources, selecting and evaluating sources, and synthesizing the information. It emphasizes organizing the review with an introduction, body, and conclusion and considering chronological, thematic, or methodological organization for the body. Tips are provided on what to write, such as discussing key findings and gaps, and on the layout and language for an academic literature review.
This document provides guidance on writing a dissertation or thesis. It discusses that a dissertation requires original research submitted for a degree. It should be structured according to the student's field and department guidelines. The document outlines the typical components of a dissertation, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also provides tips for choosing a topic, conducting research, analyzing findings, and referencing sources. Overall, the document serves as a guide for students on how to plan, conduct, and structure their dissertation work.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a research problem and conducting a literature review. It begins by defining a research problem and outlining various sources that can inspire problems. Next, it describes important criteria for evaluating potential problems such as the researcher's interest and competence. The document emphasizes the need for a theoretical framework to guide the research process. Finally, it outlines the main steps of conducting a literature review, including searching relevant sources, evaluating them, identifying themes, and writing the review.
This document provides an overview of a 2-day course on research methodology at GMI. The course covers literature review and selecting and defining a research problem. It discusses the purpose of literature review, how to carry out an effective literature review, and key aspects of selecting a research problem such as identifying variables and evaluating potential problems. The document is intended to help researchers better plan their studies and select appropriate research problems.
The importance of knowing the history of your mresearchcenterm
The document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough literature review when beginning a research project. It outlines the key stages of the research process, including defining the research problem, conducting a literature review to understand what is already known about the topic, developing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings. The literature review helps to clarify ideas, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and inform the research methods used. Understanding the history and current state of research in the field is crucial for developing a strong research question and contributing new knowledge through the project.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation of previous research that allows one to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps. The purpose of a literature review is to situate a research project within existing scholarly knowledge. It discusses the key steps of a literature review: searching literature, evaluating sources, identifying themes and gaps, outlining the structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes that a literature review should analyze, synthesize and critically evaluate sources to demonstrate knowledge of scholarly debates.
The document provides guidance on developing a research proposal. It defines a research proposal as a detailed plan of study that presents ideas in an accessible way and describes what will be done, why it should be done, how it will be done, and expected results. Key aspects of a proposal discussed include properly defining the research problem, identifying sources of research ideas, selecting an appropriate topic based on criteria like contribution and feasibility, and including essential components like a literature review. The literature review aims to provide understanding of prior work on the topic and prevent unnecessary duplication.
The document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines what a literature review is and discusses why they are important. The presentation covers the literature review process, including defining the research question, searching for sources, selecting and evaluating sources, and synthesizing the information. It emphasizes organizing the review with an introduction, body, and conclusion and considering chronological, thematic, or methodological organization for the body. Tips are provided on what to write, such as discussing key findings and gaps, and on the layout and language for an academic literature review.
This document provides guidance on writing a dissertation or thesis. It discusses that a dissertation requires original research submitted for a degree. It should be structured according to the student's field and department guidelines. The document outlines the typical components of a dissertation, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It also provides tips for choosing a topic, conducting research, analyzing findings, and referencing sources. Overall, the document serves as a guide for students on how to plan, conduct, and structure their dissertation work.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a research problem and conducting a literature review. It begins by defining a research problem and outlining various sources that can inspire problems. Next, it describes important criteria for evaluating potential problems such as the researcher's interest and competence. The document emphasizes the need for a theoretical framework to guide the research process. Finally, it outlines the main steps of conducting a literature review, including searching relevant sources, evaluating them, identifying themes, and writing the review.
This document provides an overview of a 2-day course on research methodology at GMI. The course covers literature review and selecting and defining a research problem. It discusses the purpose of literature review, how to carry out an effective literature review, and key aspects of selecting a research problem such as identifying variables and evaluating potential problems. The document is intended to help researchers better plan their studies and select appropriate research problems.
The importance of knowing the history of your mresearchcenterm
The document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough literature review when beginning a research project. It outlines the key stages of the research process, including defining the research problem, conducting a literature review to understand what is already known about the topic, developing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings. The literature review helps to clarify ideas, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and inform the research methods used. Understanding the history and current state of research in the field is crucial for developing a strong research question and contributing new knowledge through the project.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation of previous research that allows one to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps. The purpose of a literature review is to situate a research project within existing scholarly knowledge. It discusses the key steps of a literature review: searching literature, evaluating sources, identifying themes and gaps, outlining the structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes that a literature review should analyze, synthesize and critically evaluate sources to demonstrate knowledge of scholarly debates.
Systematic review international conference slidesvijay kumar
This PowerPoint is about systematic review. The talk was delivered at an International Conference. All videos related to research conferences can be viewed at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNEUKBUIaQG3wr05Sj38oDA/featured
The document defines research and different types of research. It discusses business research as seeking to predict and explain phenomena in the ever-changing business environment to improve business performance and lives. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research acquires knowledge. Pedantic, popularist, puerile and pragmatic science are discussed in terms of their rigor and relevance. Learning outcomes include identifying good research topics and generating ideas, expressing topics as questions and aims/objectives, and understanding the role of theory.
The document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough literature review before beginning a research project. It outlines the research process, including defining the problem, conducting a literature review to understand previous work, developing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and comparing findings to the existing literature. A literature review involves searching for and analyzing previous research on the topic to identify what is already known, questions that remain unanswered, and gaps the proposed research could address. This helps situate a research project within the existing body of knowledge and justify its importance. The document provides guidance on how to effectively search for, analyze, and summarize prior studies to inform the development and focus of a new research study.
This document discusses various aspects of the research process, including identifying a research topic, defining the research problem and objectives, and developing a research proposal.
It begins by outlining the typical steps in the research process, from selecting a topic to analyzing data and reporting results. It then focuses on identifying a research topic, noting that topics can come from the researcher's experience, literature, or clients. Attributes of a good topic include being interesting and feasible to study. The document also discusses turning topics into clear research questions and defining the research problem and objectives.
Introduction to research and its different aspectsbarsharoy19
This slide introduces the basic aspects of a research paper. It gives a brief description on impact factor, citation index and different categories of research paper
Literature Review - How to write effectively.pptxnguyenlekhanhx02
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and synthesizing existing works to place the current study in context, avoid duplication, and identify gaps. An effective literature review compares and contrasts authors' views, groups similar conclusions, and critically evaluates methodologies. It should highlight exemplary studies, identify patterns, and show how the current study relates to prior work. When searching literature, one should use a variety of sources and evaluate their credibility. The conclusion should draw key points and discuss the need for further research.
The document provides an overview of key components of a research proposal and conducting a literature review. It discusses identifying a research topic, reviewing existing literature on the topic, and analyzing and organizing the literature. The literature review involves systematically searching for and analyzing previous research and documents related to the topic. It is meant to place the proposed research in the context of prior work, identify gaps or disagreements in previous findings, and provide a rationale for the new study. The literature review should then logically lead into stating the research questions or hypotheses for the proposed study.
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including its purpose and structure. It discusses the key parts of a research paper such as the introduction, methodology, and conclusion. The introduction should state the topic and its importance. The methodology section explains how the research was conducted, including data collection and analysis methods used. The conclusion restates the main points and leaves the reader with a final impression. The document also provides examples and prompts for writing each section of a research paper.
A literature review surveys and summarizes scholarly sources on a topic, providing a critical evaluation. It determines previous research, theory development, and relevance to the problem. The six steps are: 1) determine when to search; 2) delimit search parameters; 3) access databases and search; 4) organize sources; 5) critically evaluate sources; 6) write the review integrating evaluations. The purpose is to provide context and justification for a new study.
The document discusses the key aspects of developing a research problem including defining the research problem as a question, selecting an appropriate topic, reviewing relevant literature, and properly citing sources. It provides examples of potential research questions and outlines the major steps in conducting a literature review such as searching for sources, taking notes, organizing findings, and citing references in APA or MLA style. The overall process of developing a research problem is presented as determining a question or issue to study, reviewing prior work on the topic, and properly attributing other researchers' work.
This document provides an overview of scientific writing and research proposals. It discusses types of scientific publications such as journal articles, books, and conference posters. It emphasizes using clear, precise language and proper structure for scientific papers, including titles, introductions, methods, results, and references sections. The document also outlines the key elements of a good research proposal, such as stating the problem, reviewing previous literature, describing the methodology, presenting a timeline and budget, and listing references. Researchers are advised to write proposals that are coherent, informative, and clearly structured to convince readers of the significance and merit of the proposed research.
This lecture discusses writing a review paper. It defines a review paper as a form of scientific writing that summarizes recent research works on a topic and relates them to past research. The key aspects discussed are:
- A systematic review searches, selects, appraises and synthesizes relevant research on a question, using a clearly defined methodology.
- Reviews are important as they provide theoretical background, help avoid duplication, and keep researchers updated.
- When writing a review, the purpose and audience must be defined. A thorough search of literature is required, and the type of review (short or full) must be chosen. The review must be critical and consistent in its analysis.
New EE (2018) guidelines for ibdp sciencesSteven Gaynor
The new extended essay guidelines for 2018 onwards provide guidance for science extended essays. The essay should be an original piece of writing or research of 4000 words that is structured like an academic essay rather than a lab report. It requires a clear introduction, development of two or more viewpoints, and a conclusion. Students must show an in-depth understanding of the topic and how their research question relates to current research. The best science essays demonstrate awareness of issues and place research in the context of current findings. Students must participate in three mandatory reflective sessions and complete a Reflection on Planning and Progress Form to document the process.
A dissertation or research report consists of several key parts including an abstract, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The abstract provides a concise summary of the overall goals and outcomes of the research. A literature review analyzes previous work on the topic to identify connections and gaps. The methodology section explains how the research was conducted, including the design, sample, and data collection/analysis methods. The results section presents the findings from applying the methodology. The discussion section interprets the results in the context of prior literature. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and implications. Together, these sections allow the researcher to investigate and report on an original topic of inquiry.
Chapter-2.pptxyear upon out upon hhhhhhhhteddiyfentaw
The document discusses the research process and provides details on key steps. It begins by explaining that research involves a series of linked stages that are usually presented linearly but are not always distinct. It then lists common stages as formulating the topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Subsequent sections provide more details on formulating the research problem, developing a research proposal, reviewing literature, research design, and other stages.
This document provides a six step process for successful assignment planning: 1) Understand the assignment by reading instructions carefully and clarifying requirements, 2) Get organized by assessing readings and reserving resources, 3) Conduct research by developing keywords and search strategies to find relevant sources, 4) Evaluate sources using criteria like currency, relevance, and authority, 5) Take notes and make summaries in your own words to avoid plagiarism, 6) Create an outline and write the assignment by structuring it with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Following these steps can help students plan assignments effectively and meet deadlines.
The document summarizes the key steps in writing a literature review:
1. The introduction gives a quick overview of the topic and organizational structure.
2. The body contains a discussion of sources, organized chronologically, thematically, or by methodology. It analyzes and synthesizes previous research on the topic.
3. The conclusions discuss what has been learned from reviewing the literature and identifies potential gaps for future research. The overall purpose is to critically evaluate previous research and establish a foundation and need for the current study.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic, careful investigation to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research include gaining new insights, accurately portraying characteristics of groups, analyzing associations between variables, and examining causal relationships. Research methods are the techniques used, while research methodology is the systematic approach. Good research is systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. The research process involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. Defining the research problem clearly is crucial. Literature review helps refine the problem, justify the topic, and identify appropriate methodologies.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Systematic review international conference slidesvijay kumar
This PowerPoint is about systematic review. The talk was delivered at an International Conference. All videos related to research conferences can be viewed at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNEUKBUIaQG3wr05Sj38oDA/featured
The document defines research and different types of research. It discusses business research as seeking to predict and explain phenomena in the ever-changing business environment to improve business performance and lives. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research acquires knowledge. Pedantic, popularist, puerile and pragmatic science are discussed in terms of their rigor and relevance. Learning outcomes include identifying good research topics and generating ideas, expressing topics as questions and aims/objectives, and understanding the role of theory.
The document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough literature review before beginning a research project. It outlines the research process, including defining the problem, conducting a literature review to understand previous work, developing a research methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and comparing findings to the existing literature. A literature review involves searching for and analyzing previous research on the topic to identify what is already known, questions that remain unanswered, and gaps the proposed research could address. This helps situate a research project within the existing body of knowledge and justify its importance. The document provides guidance on how to effectively search for, analyze, and summarize prior studies to inform the development and focus of a new research study.
This document discusses various aspects of the research process, including identifying a research topic, defining the research problem and objectives, and developing a research proposal.
It begins by outlining the typical steps in the research process, from selecting a topic to analyzing data and reporting results. It then focuses on identifying a research topic, noting that topics can come from the researcher's experience, literature, or clients. Attributes of a good topic include being interesting and feasible to study. The document also discusses turning topics into clear research questions and defining the research problem and objectives.
Introduction to research and its different aspectsbarsharoy19
This slide introduces the basic aspects of a research paper. It gives a brief description on impact factor, citation index and different categories of research paper
Literature Review - How to write effectively.pptxnguyenlekhanhx02
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as analyzing and synthesizing existing works to place the current study in context, avoid duplication, and identify gaps. An effective literature review compares and contrasts authors' views, groups similar conclusions, and critically evaluates methodologies. It should highlight exemplary studies, identify patterns, and show how the current study relates to prior work. When searching literature, one should use a variety of sources and evaluate their credibility. The conclusion should draw key points and discuss the need for further research.
The document provides an overview of key components of a research proposal and conducting a literature review. It discusses identifying a research topic, reviewing existing literature on the topic, and analyzing and organizing the literature. The literature review involves systematically searching for and analyzing previous research and documents related to the topic. It is meant to place the proposed research in the context of prior work, identify gaps or disagreements in previous findings, and provide a rationale for the new study. The literature review should then logically lead into stating the research questions or hypotheses for the proposed study.
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including its purpose and structure. It discusses the key parts of a research paper such as the introduction, methodology, and conclusion. The introduction should state the topic and its importance. The methodology section explains how the research was conducted, including data collection and analysis methods used. The conclusion restates the main points and leaves the reader with a final impression. The document also provides examples and prompts for writing each section of a research paper.
A literature review surveys and summarizes scholarly sources on a topic, providing a critical evaluation. It determines previous research, theory development, and relevance to the problem. The six steps are: 1) determine when to search; 2) delimit search parameters; 3) access databases and search; 4) organize sources; 5) critically evaluate sources; 6) write the review integrating evaluations. The purpose is to provide context and justification for a new study.
The document discusses the key aspects of developing a research problem including defining the research problem as a question, selecting an appropriate topic, reviewing relevant literature, and properly citing sources. It provides examples of potential research questions and outlines the major steps in conducting a literature review such as searching for sources, taking notes, organizing findings, and citing references in APA or MLA style. The overall process of developing a research problem is presented as determining a question or issue to study, reviewing prior work on the topic, and properly attributing other researchers' work.
This document provides an overview of scientific writing and research proposals. It discusses types of scientific publications such as journal articles, books, and conference posters. It emphasizes using clear, precise language and proper structure for scientific papers, including titles, introductions, methods, results, and references sections. The document also outlines the key elements of a good research proposal, such as stating the problem, reviewing previous literature, describing the methodology, presenting a timeline and budget, and listing references. Researchers are advised to write proposals that are coherent, informative, and clearly structured to convince readers of the significance and merit of the proposed research.
This lecture discusses writing a review paper. It defines a review paper as a form of scientific writing that summarizes recent research works on a topic and relates them to past research. The key aspects discussed are:
- A systematic review searches, selects, appraises and synthesizes relevant research on a question, using a clearly defined methodology.
- Reviews are important as they provide theoretical background, help avoid duplication, and keep researchers updated.
- When writing a review, the purpose and audience must be defined. A thorough search of literature is required, and the type of review (short or full) must be chosen. The review must be critical and consistent in its analysis.
New EE (2018) guidelines for ibdp sciencesSteven Gaynor
The new extended essay guidelines for 2018 onwards provide guidance for science extended essays. The essay should be an original piece of writing or research of 4000 words that is structured like an academic essay rather than a lab report. It requires a clear introduction, development of two or more viewpoints, and a conclusion. Students must show an in-depth understanding of the topic and how their research question relates to current research. The best science essays demonstrate awareness of issues and place research in the context of current findings. Students must participate in three mandatory reflective sessions and complete a Reflection on Planning and Progress Form to document the process.
A dissertation or research report consists of several key parts including an abstract, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The abstract provides a concise summary of the overall goals and outcomes of the research. A literature review analyzes previous work on the topic to identify connections and gaps. The methodology section explains how the research was conducted, including the design, sample, and data collection/analysis methods. The results section presents the findings from applying the methodology. The discussion section interprets the results in the context of prior literature. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and implications. Together, these sections allow the researcher to investigate and report on an original topic of inquiry.
Chapter-2.pptxyear upon out upon hhhhhhhhteddiyfentaw
The document discusses the research process and provides details on key steps. It begins by explaining that research involves a series of linked stages that are usually presented linearly but are not always distinct. It then lists common stages as formulating the topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Subsequent sections provide more details on formulating the research problem, developing a research proposal, reviewing literature, research design, and other stages.
This document provides a six step process for successful assignment planning: 1) Understand the assignment by reading instructions carefully and clarifying requirements, 2) Get organized by assessing readings and reserving resources, 3) Conduct research by developing keywords and search strategies to find relevant sources, 4) Evaluate sources using criteria like currency, relevance, and authority, 5) Take notes and make summaries in your own words to avoid plagiarism, 6) Create an outline and write the assignment by structuring it with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Following these steps can help students plan assignments effectively and meet deadlines.
The document summarizes the key steps in writing a literature review:
1. The introduction gives a quick overview of the topic and organizational structure.
2. The body contains a discussion of sources, organized chronologically, thematically, or by methodology. It analyzes and synthesizes previous research on the topic.
3. The conclusions discuss what has been learned from reviewing the literature and identifies potential gaps for future research. The overall purpose is to critically evaluate previous research and establish a foundation and need for the current study.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic, careful investigation to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research include gaining new insights, accurately portraying characteristics of groups, analyzing associations between variables, and examining causal relationships. Research methods are the techniques used, while research methodology is the systematic approach. Good research is systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. The research process involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. Defining the research problem clearly is crucial. Literature review helps refine the problem, justify the topic, and identify appropriate methodologies.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. Sample Questions
1.Social Science Research is______________________________-
A. Searching again and again
B. Finding solution to any problem
C. Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
D. None of the above
2) As soon as the research scope is defined, which of the following should kick-off the research
process?
A. Identify research questions.
B. Conduct a literature review.
C. Document a hypothesis.
D. Establish performance metrics.
3. Sample Questions
5) How would you define 'the research process’?
a) The researcher's plan of action to be followed when carrying out research.
b) A method of collecting research data.
c) The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project.
d) The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the study ready for publication.
4. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
This lesson will help you to describe the research process
and how to search and read research articles
5. Professionals in the Social Sciences field interact with all
or some of the elements of research as they carry out
their work. That is why you are taking this class. There
are many settings however where professionals formally
conduct research studies. These can basically fall into
two categories; Academia and Industry.
Thursday, October 20, 2022
Professional Research Process
6. Industry
• One example of industry research is The Abdul Latif Jameel
Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) a global research center working
to reduce poverty by ensuring that policy is informed by
scientific evidence. They carried out a research targeting
“Improving Electoral Integrity with Information and
Communications Technology in Uganda”
• The argument was many new and low-income democracies
like Uganda suffer from institutional weaknesses which
foster corruption including electoral fraud.
https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/improving-electoral-integrity-
information-and-communications-technology-uganda
7. Academia
• Academia is just another name for colleges and universities.
• Most faculty members at colleges and universities perform their
own original research.
• Professors have extensive training in conducting research and
often have a deep understanding of a particular research area.
• They are passionate about their area of research and read journal
articles as they are published.
• They often have several ideas about studies that could or should
be done.
• Professors look for sources of money from government and
private organizations who offer grants or contracts.
8. Student Research Process
As students, you will learn about how professionals do
research by doing a research study yourself, but
because you are students you are starting from a
different place than professionals. You:
•Do not have money to spend on the research
•Are not already an expert on a topic who has already
read research articles on potential topics.
Therefore, your process will look a little different from
the professional process.
9. Searching for and Reading
Scientific Literature
alias
Research Articles/Papers
10. What is scientific literature?
● Scientists communicate the results of their research to other
scientists primarily through the scientific literature
● Scientific literature is a permanent repository of scientific
knowledge and a record of progress in scientific enquiry.
● Includes journals, theses, dissertations, monographs, reports
Journal examples:
● KIU Journal of Social Sciences(KIUJOSS)
● Makerere Journal of Higher Education (MAJOHE)
11. What is a peer-reviewed journal?
● Considered primary literature: the first time the scientific information
has been published
● Peer review process: Journal editor asks recognized experts in the area
of study to give an opinion on whether the work reported presents new
scientific information, merits and deficiencies of the work
○ Peers determine whether the editor may accept the paper as it was submitted, or
may require minor revision from the authors, or may require major revision, or the
paper may be refused outright.
13. Where To Find The Literature
• Discovery, or background research, is something that happens at the
beginning of the research process when you are just learning about a topic.
• It is a search for general information to get the big picture of a topic for
exploration, ideas about subtopics and context for the actual focused
research you will do later.
• It is also a time to build a list of distinctive, broad, narrow, and related
search terms.
14. Elements to discovering the literature
• There are two crucial elements to discovering the literature for your review
with the least amount of stress as possible:
• The places you look and the words you use in your search.
The places you look depend on:
The stage you are in your research
The disciplines represented in
your research question
The importance of currency in
yourresearch topic
The words help locate existing
literature on your topic, as well as
related topics.
Keywords – the natural language terms we
think of when we discuss and read about a topic
Subject terms – the assigned vocabulary
for a catalog or database
15. Finding Sources: Places To Look
• Books and eBooks- eBooks appear on various publisher and platforms, such as
Springer, Cambridge, ebrary (ProQuest), EBSCO, and Safari
• The Library Catalog
• Databases-Anyone with an internet connection has free access to public
databases such as PubMed and ERIC.
• Google Scholar
• Dissertations Express – search for dissertations from around the world.
16. ADVANCED SEARCHING
•Search Operators-Literature review research often necessitates the use of
Boolean operators to combine keywords. The operators – AND, OR, and NOT
— are powerful tools for searching in a database or search engine.
17. What is a Research Article/Paper?
Document of scientific findings.
Scientific papers are the heart of the scientific community.
18. A research paper is an expanded essay that presents
ones interpretation or evaluation or an argument.
When anyone write’s a research paper they build
upon what they know about the subject and what other
experts know.
A research paper involves surveying a field of
knowledge in order to find the best possible
information in that field.
19. Two Types of Scientific Papers Containing Two
Types of Information
Review articles: give an overview of the scientific field or topic
by summarizing the data and conclusions from many studies.
Primary research articles: contain the original data and
conclusions of the researchers who were involved in the
experiments and how the experiments were done.
20. Scientific Article Structure
Scientific articles are broken into sections. You will find
specific types of information in each section. Here are the
sections:
● Abstract
● Introduction/Background
● Materials and Methods
● Results
● Discussion
● Conclusion
21. Interpretation
Body of a research paper
Introduction
What question was studied?
Methods
How was the question studied?
Results
What was found?
Discussion
What do the results mean?
22. Induction vs hypothetical-deductive method
• Generalise from the data without preconceptions
(induction)
• Grounded theory. Rigour is in process used to generate theory
from data
Versus
• Use data to test hypotheses or theories (hypothetical-
deductive method)
• Rigor is in the testing.
23. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
• Phase One- Conceptual stage
• Phase Two-Design and Planning Phase/ Proposal
Stage
• Phase Three- Data collection or research stage
•Phase Four-Data processing phase/stage
• Phase Five-Data Analysis stage/phase
•Phase Six-Reporting and dissemination phase /stage
Researchers conducted a randomized evaluation to measure the impact of letters warning of audits and punishment for election fraud, combined with smartphone vote-tally verification, on electoral irregularities. These results suggest that citizen and ICT interventions can improve electoral integrity in developing democracies.
They do this for several reasons, but generally universities encourage faculty to do research studies so their teachers can be experts in the field they teach.
Sometimes their university has enough money for them to conduct these research studies without an outside funding source but most of the time the professors have to find external sources of money to cover the cost of doing research.
You are starting at the very beginning of the scientific method. You will have to spend more time in the early steps to become an expert on your topic.
Impact factor: A grading of the importance of journals based on how often papers carried by the journal are cited in other scientific papers
Books are “essential guides to understanding theory and for helping you to validate the need for your study, confirm your choice of literature, and certify (or contradict) its findings. KIU subscribes to individual ebook titles as well as collections of ebooks.
Now that you have an idea of some of the places to look for information on your research topic and the form that information takes (books, ebooks, journals, conference papers, and dissertations), it’s time to consider not only how to use the specialized resources for your discipline but how to get the most out of those resources. By using a combination of terms and one or more Boolean operator, you can focus your search and narrow your search results to a more specific area than a basic keyword search allows.
Theory building vs theory testing
Phase 1: Conceptualization refers to the process of developing, defining and refining abstract ideas. This stage involves identifying and stating the research problem. activities include thinking, rethinking, theorizing, making decision, and reviewing ideas
Phase 2: The aim of this phase of research is to prepare a general plan of real research. As such, a proposal is developed and data collection or research instruments are designed among other activities
Phase 3: researcher implements all the plans that he/she made in phases 1 and 2.
Phase 4 it is time to systematically organize the data so that it can be interpreted and analyzed by researcher. In this phase the data collected are processed or prepared for analysis.
Phase 5: data are organized in an orderly, coherent fashion so that the researcher can discern patterns and relationships. analysis of quantitative data and/or analysis of qualitative data by use of statistical methods or non-statistical methods like thematic analysis.
Phase 6 dissemination means a process when results of the research are presented or published as: final research report from research project; lectures and/or posters at the congresses and conferences; papers in journals; or using the results in clinical or professional practice.