The document discusses the acute abdomen, including common causes, signs, symptoms, differential diagnoses, investigations, and immediate treatment. Some frequent causes are appendicitis, perforated ulcers, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and gynecological issues like ruptured cysts. Evaluation involves history, exam, bloodwork, imaging, and considering visceral vs. somatic pain patterns. Initial management focuses on IV fluids, pain control, decompression, and antibiotics if infection is suspected.
acute abdomen conditions in radiology and their evaluation
acute pancreatitis, cholicystitis, pelvic pathology, mri evaluation , intra abdominal abcess, plain radiography evaluation of acute abdomen, vascular causes of acute abdomen, causes of acute abdomen.
acute abdomen conditions in radiology and their evaluation
acute pancreatitis, cholicystitis, pelvic pathology, mri evaluation , intra abdominal abcess, plain radiography evaluation of acute abdomen, vascular causes of acute abdomen, causes of acute abdomen.
Abdominal pain is one of common problems
encountered by doctors, either in primary or
secondary health care (specialists). It may be
mild, but it may also a life-threatening sign. It
has been estimated that almost 50% adults have
experienced abdominal pain. In general, abdominal pain is categorized
based on the onset as acute or chronic pain.
Sudden onset of abdominal pain that lasts for less
than 24 hours is considered as acute abdominal
pain.
The problems of a surgeon
If 'I' operate 'and 'the' problem 'is' not 'surgical, Pt
exposed 'to' unnecessary 'risk ,'anesthetic,'etc.'
Risks 'greater' with 'concomitant 'illness,'older 'age'
If 'I' do 'not' operate 'and' problem 'is' surgical, 'patient 'at'
risk 'because' of 'wrong' therapy.'
Again 'the' older 'patient 'is' under 'greater' burden.'
writes I have a good salary, am married, and have two children. My whole life I've been drawn to prescription and have always enjoyed it. However, I have a unattached in English literature, so I've always put it as unattainable to become a doctor. Now, once again, I'm bearing in mind doing one of the post bac premed programs out there and going for it.
Physical exam of an acute surgical abdomen. Using detailed descriptions of pain along with onset and physical exam tests including peritoneal signs and more advanced physical exam maneuvers in order to formulate a diagnosis and severity of illness.
Abdominal pain is one of common problems
encountered by doctors, either in primary or
secondary health care (specialists). It may be
mild, but it may also a life-threatening sign. It
has been estimated that almost 50% adults have
experienced abdominal pain. In general, abdominal pain is categorized
based on the onset as acute or chronic pain.
Sudden onset of abdominal pain that lasts for less
than 24 hours is considered as acute abdominal
pain.
The problems of a surgeon
If 'I' operate 'and 'the' problem 'is' not 'surgical, Pt
exposed 'to' unnecessary 'risk ,'anesthetic,'etc.'
Risks 'greater' with 'concomitant 'illness,'older 'age'
If 'I' do 'not' operate 'and' problem 'is' surgical, 'patient 'at'
risk 'because' of 'wrong' therapy.'
Again 'the' older 'patient 'is' under 'greater' burden.'
writes I have a good salary, am married, and have two children. My whole life I've been drawn to prescription and have always enjoyed it. However, I have a unattached in English literature, so I've always put it as unattainable to become a doctor. Now, once again, I'm bearing in mind doing one of the post bac premed programs out there and going for it.
Physical exam of an acute surgical abdomen. Using detailed descriptions of pain along with onset and physical exam tests including peritoneal signs and more advanced physical exam maneuvers in order to formulate a diagnosis and severity of illness.
An overview of acute abdomen,a medical emergency,based on information provided in Sabiston textbook of medicine 20th edition and ACS surgery 7th edition,2 of the best textbooks in surgery.
acute abdomen is a must know for every medical student and medical care practitioners,especially surgeons.
acute leukemia
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محاضرة دكتورة نورا الطحاوى للفرقة الاولى كلية الطب البشرى
يوم الاحد 17 ابريل 2011س
Lectures of Anatomy by Dr. Noura El Tahawy for first year Faculty of Medicine, El Minia University. 17-4-211
م
Dr. Guy Nicastri, Associate Professor of Surgery and Family Medicine at the Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University takes us through some of the pearls of the Acute Abdomen Examination in the Adult
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. Causes of the Acute Abdomen
Hemorrhage in the… Perforation of the…
GI tract GI tract
Blood vessel Ulcer
GU tract Infection
Parasites
cancer
GU tract
3. Causes of the Acute Abdomen
Inflammation Obstruction of the …
GI tract
Adhesions
Hernia
Volvulus
Tumor
Intussusception
Parasites
GU tract
Stone
Tumor
Vascular System
Thrombus, Embolus
4. Signs
SIGNS are objective and reproducible findings
Tenderness
Rigidity
Masses
Altered bowel sounds
Evidence of malnutrition
Bleeding
Jaundice
5. Symptoms
SYMPTOMS reflect a subjective change from
normal function
Pain
Appetite: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia,
weight loss
Bowel habits: bloating, diarrhea, constipation,
flatulence
6. The Physiology of Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain from any cause is mediated by
either visceral or somatic afferent nerves
Several factors can modify expression of pain
Age extremes
Vascular compromise (pain ‘out of proportion’)
Pregnancy
CNS pathology
Neutropenia
7. Visceral Pain
Stimuli
Distention of the gut or other
hollow abdominal organ
Traction on the bowel
mesentery
Inflammation
Ischemia
foregut
Sensation
midgut
Corresponds to the
embryologic origin of the hindgut
diseased organ (foregut,
midgut, hindgut)
8. Somatic Pain
Stimuli
Irritation of the peritoneum
Sensation
Sharp, localized pain
Easily described
Cardinal signs
Pain
Guarding
Rebound
Absent bowel sounds
Example: McBurney’s point in late appendicitis
9. Patterns of Referred Pain
Diaphragmatic irritation
Gastric pain
Liver and biliary pain Biliary colic
Pancreatic and renal pain
Colonic pain
Uterine and rectal pain
Ureteral or kidney pain
10. History
Pain Vomiting
When? Where? How? Relationship to pain
Abrupt, gradual How often? How much?
Character
Sharp, burning, steady,
intermittent
Referral?
Previous occurrence?
11. History
Nausea? Anorexia?
Bowel movements
Number
Character
Bloody?
Past Medical and Surgical History
Travel History
Last meal
Systemic Review
16. Differential Diagnosis: RUQ Pain
CONDITION CLUES
Biliary colic, acute Recurrent attacks, tender over gall bladder
cholecystitis area
Acute hepatitis Alcohol history, jaundice, medications
Right pyelonephritis Dysuria, fever, costovertebral angle
tenderness
Congestive heart failure Edema, dyspnea, elevated JVP
Retrocecal appendicitis Shift of pain, tenderness
Right lower lobe Fever, tachypnea, bronchial breathing
pneumonia
17. Diagnosis: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) and
Epigastric Pain
Investigations
Upright chest XR
Upright and supine abdominal XR
CBC
Amylase and lipase (if available)
18. Differential Diagnosis: LUQ and Epigastric
Pain
CONDITION CLUES
Splenic rupture History of trauma or splenic disease
Fractured ribs History of trauma, gross deformity, extreme
tenderness on palpation
Pancreatitis History of alcohol consumption, history of
similar event, elevated labs
Gastritis / Peptic ulcer Recurrent, relationship to meals,
disease relationship to posture
Pneumonia Fever, XR findings, bronchial breathing
19. Diagnosis: Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Pain
Investigations
Urinalysis (to exclude obvious urinary causes)
Pregnancy test
Ultrasound
Complete blood count
20. Differential Diagnosis: RLQ Pain
CONDITION CLUES
Acute appendicitis Shift of pain, anorexia, localized tenderness
Mesenteric adenitis Fever, inconstant signs
Right renal colic Colicky pain, hematuria
Torsed right testis Tender swollen testis, usually young age
Crohn’s disease Recurrent, several days history
Gynecologic causes …see next
22. Diagnosis: Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) Pain
Pregnancy test
Urinalysis to exclude unsuspected urinary source
Ultrasound
Complete blood count
Upright and supine abdominal XR
CT scan if diverticular disease is suspected
23. Differential Diagnosis: LLQ Pain
CONDITION CLUES
Diverticular disease Elderly patient, recurrent
Acute urinary retention Palpable bladder, difficulty passing urine
Urinary tract infection Dysuria, frequency
Inflammatory bowel disease Recurrent attacks, diarrhea (+/- mucus, blood)
Large bowel obstruction Colicky pain, obstipation
Left renal colic Colicky pain, hematuria
Torsion of testis Tender, swollen testis, young age
Gynecologic causes as for RLQ pain
24. Diagnosis: Periumbilical Pain
Investigations
CBC
Amylase and lipase, if available
If severe, unrelenting pain urgent surgical referral
If pain colicky and no flatus erect and supine
abdominal XR
If diarrhea and vomiting stool tests
25. Differential Diagnosis: Periumbilical Pain
CONDITION CLUES
Gastroenteritis Vomiting and diarrhea
Constipation Colicky pain, hard stool
Inflammatory bowel Recurrent diarrhea, +/- mucus and
disease blood
Early appendicitis Nausea, short history
Small bowel Colicky pain, vomiting, no flatus
obstruction
Ischemic bowel Severe pain, tenderness less
marked, rectal bleeding
26. Common Gastrointestinal Causes of the Acute
Abdomen
Appendicitis
Perforated peptic ulcer
Intestinal perforation
Meckel’s diverticulum
Diverticulitis
Chronic irritable bowel disease
Gastroenteritis
27. Common Visceral Causes of the Acute
Abdomen
Acute pancreatitis
Acute calculous cholecystitis
Acalculous cholecystitis
Hepatic abscess
Ruptured hepatic tumor
Acute hepatitis
Splenic rupture
28. Common Gynecologic Causes of the Acute
Abdomen
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Ovarian torsion
Ectopic pregnancy
Acute salpingitis
Pyosalpinx
Endometritis
Uterine rupture
29. Extra-Abdominal Causes of the Acute Abdomen
Supradiaphragmatic Drugs
Myocardial infarction
Pericarditis Metabolic
Left lower lobe pneumonia Nervous System
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary infarction Herpes Zoster
Hematologic Tabes dorsalis
Sickle cell disease Nerve root compression
Acute leukemia Endocrine
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Addisonian crisis
30. Immediate Treatment of the Acute Abdomen
1. Start large bore IV with either saline or lactated Ringer’s
solution
2. IV pain medication
3. Nasogastric tube if vomiting or concerned about obstruction
4. Foley catheter to follow hydration status and to obtain
urinalysis
5. Antibiotic administration if suspicious of inflammation or
perforation
6. Definitive therapy or procedure will vary with diagnosis
Remember to reassess patient on a regular basis.
