Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factorssehriqayyum
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors.
Abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment.
Light and temperature || MAJOR Abiotic Factors.
Abiotic factors are the non living components of an ecosystem and they influence the survival of organisms.
Light intensity or light quantity refers to the total amount of light that plants receive. It is also described as the degree of brightness that a plant is exposed to.
Water as an Ecological Factor by Salman Saeed Lecturer BotanySalman Saeed
Water as an Ecological Factor
lecture for Biology, Botany, Zoology, and Chemistry Students by Salman Saeed lecturer Botany University College of Management and Sciences Khanewal, Pakistan.
About Author: Salman Saeed
Qualification: M.SC (Botany), M. Phil (Biotechnology) from BZU Multan.
M. Ed & B. Ed from GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Email: Salmanbotanist@gmail.com
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factorssehriqayyum
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors.
Abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment.
Light and temperature || MAJOR Abiotic Factors.
Abiotic factors are the non living components of an ecosystem and they influence the survival of organisms.
Light intensity or light quantity refers to the total amount of light that plants receive. It is also described as the degree of brightness that a plant is exposed to.
Water as an Ecological Factor by Salman Saeed Lecturer BotanySalman Saeed
Water as an Ecological Factor
lecture for Biology, Botany, Zoology, and Chemistry Students by Salman Saeed lecturer Botany University College of Management and Sciences Khanewal, Pakistan.
About Author: Salman Saeed
Qualification: M.SC (Botany), M. Phil (Biotechnology) from BZU Multan.
M. Ed & B. Ed from GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Email: Salmanbotanist@gmail.com
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
photoperiodism its discovery,significance,classifications,mechanism,critical day length,quality of light, night break phenomenon,phytochrome.florigen,floering genes, circadian rhythm
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
“Any characteristic of an organism or its part which enable it to survive in its own particular habitat is called adaptation”. It is also defined as, “Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes able to survive and reproduce in its habitat or habitats”. Adaptation is nothing but any changes in the structure or function of an organism or in any parts of its that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
In this presentation, climatic factors like light, temperature and water are explained. Along with this their importance and their effect on plant life is also explained
This topic is related with environmental science. It consists of definition, types, characteristic features with accurate examples and pictures. Differentiating definition between the two.
This presentation on "Importance of plants" in human life. There have mention all of the importance of plants for human, animals and others environments.
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photoperiodism its discovery,significance,classifications,mechanism,critical day length,quality of light, night break phenomenon,phytochrome.florigen,floering genes, circadian rhythm
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
“Any characteristic of an organism or its part which enable it to survive in its own particular habitat is called adaptation”. It is also defined as, “Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes able to survive and reproduce in its habitat or habitats”. Adaptation is nothing but any changes in the structure or function of an organism or in any parts of its that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
In this presentation, climatic factors like light, temperature and water are explained. Along with this their importance and their effect on plant life is also explained
This topic is related with environmental science. It consists of definition, types, characteristic features with accurate examples and pictures. Differentiating definition between the two.
This presentation on "Importance of plants" in human life. There have mention all of the importance of plants for human, animals and others environments.
Thanks..
www.leadmoneymedia.com
please follow me here :
https://www.behance.net/rubel570
https://plus.google.com/u/0/+MdRubelHossain570
https://www.facebook.com/rubel570
Temperature an Ecological Factor by Salman SaeedSalman Saeed
Temperature: an Ecological Factor lecture for Biology, Botany, Zoology, and Chemistry Students by Salman Saeed lecturer Botany University College of Management and Sciences Khanewal, Pakistan.
About Author: Salman Saeed
Qualification: M.SC (Botany), M. Phil (Biotechnology) from BZU Multan.
M. Ed & B. Ed from GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Osmoregulation, and adaptation in plants against abiotic factors plant stres...Raheel Hayat Rahee
Osmoregulation in plants and adaptation in plants against abiotic factors
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Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
Replication Introduction , DNA replicating Models , Meselson and Stahl Experiments , Circuler Model of DNA replication , Replication in Prokaryotes , Replication In Eukaryotes , Comparison Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Replicaton and PCR (Polymerease Chain Reaction)
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
3. It is a measure of how hot or cold an object is
compared to another object.
Temperature as a measure of the average kinetic
energy of the particles in an object
It is measured by the Thermometer.
Definition:
4. Temperature is one of the most
important ecological factors.
It regulates many physiological processes of the plant.
The metabolic processes are low at a certain minimum
temperature. It increases at particular temperature
called optimum temperature.
The plant grows best at optimum temperature.
Metabolism again decreases at maximum temperature.
The plants cannot survive above this temperature
Both extremely low and high temperatures have
adverse effect on plant growth.
Temperature is an ecological factor
5. Low temperature:
Low temperature causes cold injuries.
Water is frozen into ice crystals in the intercellular
spaces.
It causes injury to cells.
6. High temperature:
Extremely high temperature cause adverse effects on a
number of vital physiological processes like
respiration, transpiration, protein metabolism etc.
These effects cause stunting and finally death of
plants. This is called as Heat Injury .
Different kinds of plants have various ranges of
minimum-optimum-and maximum temperatures.
Plants differ considerably in temperature tolerance.
Generally, there is little metabolic activity at
temperature below 0°C or higher than 40°C.
7. Temperature classification of plants
The plants are classified into the following categories
on the basis of temperature requirements.
1. Megatherm:
The plants live in high temperature throughout the
year are called megatherms. These plants are found in
equatorial and tropical rain- forests.
8. Mesotherm:
The plants living at high temperature of summer,
alternating with low temperature of winter are called
mesotherms.
They are found in deciduous forest of tropical and
subtropical regions.
9. Microtherm:
The plants which live in extremely low temperature
are called microtherms.
It includes plants of temperate and high altitudes
(upto 12000 feet of tropical and subtropical region).
These regions are dominated by mixed Coniferous
forest.
10. Hekiskotherm:
It includes plants of Arctic and Alpine regions • (above
16000 feat in tropics and 12000 feet in temperate) with
very low temperature.
Alpine vegetation prevails in such locality.
11. Ecophyiological responses of
temperature
Temperature is an ecological factor. It affects the rate of
many physiological processes in plants.
Transpiration:
Rise in temperature increases transpiration rate. High
temperature influences the saturation deficit of the
atmosphere. It decreases the humidity of air. Thus more
water is transpired. High rate of transpiration also
increases the rate for absorption of water from the soil.
12. Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis occurs over a wide range of temperature.
In some desert plants photosynthesis continues even at
80°C.
Most of the algae require lower temperature range for
photosynthesis than the higher plants.
The optimum temperature for photosynthesis for most of
the plants is 25 to 35°C.
Photosynthesis stops at 40°C in temperate plants and at
50°C in tropical plants
13. Respiration:
The rate of respiration increases with the rise of
temperature.
It is maximum at optimum temperature.
But it decreases rapidly above optimal temperature.
14. General distribution of plants:
Temperature and moisture determine the general
distribution of vegetation.
Different belts of vegetation occur between the
equator and the poles.
Vegetation is primarily determined by heat. Thus
plants which grow in a hot climate cannot grow in a
cold climate and vice versa.
Therefore, same crop are not cultivated in all regions
of the world. Different crops are cultivated in different
region i of the world.
15. Germination of seed:
Temperature also affects the germination of seed.
Every seed has optimal temperature.
Seed cannot grow below or above this temperature.
16. Spreading of diseases:
Temperature and humidity affects the spreading of
plant diseases.
Low temperature along with high humidity favours the
attack of rust. damping off, seedling blight, foot rot
and root rot.
17. Changes in the
temperature in the
natural environment of
plants affect both their
functioning and their
growth.
Maintenance of a
relatively stable internal
environment is just as
important for plant
metabolism as it is for
animals.
18. Plants respond to changes
in light, water availability
and temperature. All of
which are linked, since
heat is often associated
with light ( for example ,
the radiant energy of
sunlight)
19. Most Plants have a growth
season and life cycle that
follow the seasonal
temperature variations of
their environment.
20. Low availability of water
may also be associated
with very cold
temperatures, since frozen
water (ice and snow) is not
available for use of plants.
21. Temperature above 40* C
may cause damage to
proteins and those above
75* C to chlorophyll
pigment within the plant.
Since plants can not move
into the shade , they tend to
have stronger physiological
and structural adaptations.
23. Reflective leaf surfaces
that reduce the amount
of radiation absorbed
can help keep a plant
cool in hot conditions.
Leaves may be light or
silvery coloured , or
have waxy or shiny
surfaces.
24. Evaporative cooling - loss of
water via transpiration
(stomata opening ) in order
to evaporate and have a
cooling effect on the plant.
This decreases internal
temperature , however
water is not readily available
. This can kill the plant.
25. Hot areas are often dry,
comprising evaporative
cooling. A plant needs to
strike a fine balance
between the risks of
excess water loss during
cooling versus heat build-
up during water
conservation.
26. Wilting - Some plants
can wilt during the day
instead, which decreases
surface area of
flowers/leaves to the sun.
If water is readily
available, this is
temporary.
If water not available, this
can lead to the death of
the plant. For example,
roses.
27. Leaf orientation – Plants
change the orientation of
their leaves to decrease
the surface area exposed
to the sun at the hottest
part of the day.
Most eucalypts hang
vertically to reduce their
exposure to the hot sun
28. Plants responding to
excessive temperature
like fires, may die,
(especially non woody
plants), however they
leave dormant seeds, with
thick protective seed
coats.
Seed dispersal in some
Australian plants is
stimulated by the
extreme heat of fire.
29. Banksia , Hakea and
some Eucalyptus plants
bear fruits with hard
woody cases that are not
dropped from the parent
plant.
The heat of a fire
stimulates the fruits to
open, and the seeds are
released.
30. Some of these seeds need
fire as a trigger to germinate
(begin to grow a seedling).
Or some plants may die
above ground leaving roots,
rhizomes, bulbs or tubers
to survive underground.
When favorable conditions
return, these sprout
31. Leaf fall in Summer.
Eucalypts are evergreen
trees that drop some of
their leaves during the dry
season in hot climates to
reduce the surface area
exposed to absorb heat.
This also reduces the risk
of losing too much water
by transpiration.
32. Temperature is one factor
that controls developmental
changes in a plant’s life
cycle, from germination
through to flowering and
seed dispersal.
In Australia, too high a
temperature during flower
formation produces a poor
wheat crop, because pollen
formation is very
temperature-sensitive.
33. Leaf fall in autumn
(deciduous trees)
Many trees lose their
leaves during autumn
and the cold winter
months when resources
(for example the sun and
water) are not as readily
available.
34. It allows them to survive
not only the extremely low
temperatures, but also the
water shortages and lower
availability of sunlight.
For example, the beech
tree found in Tasmania
35. Organic anti-freeze –
Normally, in cold
conditions, water between
cells freezes first posing the
greatest risk of damage for
plants.
Some plants that live in
extremely cold conditions
produce anti-freeze
substance that reduces the
temperature at which the
cytoplasm or cell sap
freezes.
36. Frost during periods of new
growth may damage plants,
but many plants have leaves
that are frost-tolerant.
For example, after frost the
leaves of camellias appear
semi-transparent, but on
thawing return to normal.
37. Plants may alter their
growth rate, active plant
growth can occur within
the range 5°C-45°C or in
tropical areas, growth may
cease below 15°C.
38. Vernalisation
some plants flower in
response to low
temperatures for example,
tulip bulbs must be
exposed to between 6
weeks and 3 months of
intense cold before they
will flower.
39. Australian gardeners often
mimic this effect by
removing tulip bulbs from
the ground in winter and
storing them in the
refrigerator, before
replanting them in spring,
to ensure that they will
flower.
40. Plants must also maintain a relatively stable internal
environment.
Since plants cannot move - they tend to have stronger
physiological and structural adaptations.
For heat some adaptations include wilting and
dropping leaves.
For cold some include: frost tolerance and being
deciduous.