Mushroom Cultivation

2. Topic:
Mushroom Cultivation.
Submitted to :
Prof Zafar Iqbal
Submitted by:
M Nadeem Akram
Roll No:
21
Class :
B.S Botany 5th (Reg)
Department Of Botany
University Of Sargodha

3. Introduction
•Mushroom is a fleshy fungi.
•It’s a small umbrella like structure
•It has two parts
A cap like structure is known as PILEUS
attached with thread like structure is known as MYCELLIA
•Mycelia absorb nutrient from soil ,
it do not require sun light for their growth.

4. Structure

5. Example of Edible Mushroom
 Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bitorquis
Lentinus edodes
Tremella fusiformis
Flammulina velutips

6. Raw Material
for Mushroom Cultivation
 Animal Excreta
 Animal manure
 Horse manure
 Vegetables waste
 Forest litters
 Straw from wheat /rice
 Wheat bran

7. Cultivation method
1. Garden and field cultivation
2. Cave Cultivation
3. Indoor Cultivation

8. 1. Garden & field cultivation
 Small ridges made in gardens and fields
 Soil inoculated with spawn is covered with
leaf litter to prevent moisture.
 The ridges should be periodically watered
mushroom appear can be picked.

9. 2. Cave cultivation:
 Small tunnels are made in rocky areas
and mushroom forms can be established.
 Abandoned mines can be used to develop
mushroom farms.

10. 3. Indoor Cultivation
 Mushroom are grow in small rooms of the house.
 These rooms may be constructed in such a way that
they will be partially above ground and partially below
ground.
 In some cases arrangement may be made to maintain
accurate temperature and moisture.
 Inside this room mushroom may be cultivated either
a small beds. The room should be properly ventilated
but sunlight should not fall directly on the mushroom
beds.
 The room should also have air-conditioning facility.
 E.g : Techniques for cultivation of white button
mushroom.

11. Production
of white-button mushroom
There are 4 stages of mushroom cultivation
1. Composting
2. Spawning
3. Casting
4.Croping
( Agaricus bisporus)

12. 1. Composting
There are 2 methods of composting.
(a) Long Method:
 1 meter height heaps are prepared.
 Interval of 2-3 days, heap material is mixed with wooden board.
 Gypsum is added in between 14-18 day.
At last dark brown mixture is produced.
(b) Short Method:
 Pasteurization is done by fumigation.
Streaming is done at 52-54*c for 2-4 days
& rise to 62*c for 4 hours.
Rest of process is almost same.
Require 21-28 days
Require 12-15 days

13. 2. Spawning:
 In a tray, layer of compost are prepared.
 Upon it a layers of spawn is prepared.
 News paper is spreaded over it.
 Water is sprinkled to maintain humidity 90-95%.
 Temperature maintained 20-25*c.
 Mycelial growth takes about 15-20 days.
 Stage called “Spawn Run” stage.

14. 3. Casting:
 After 15-20 days paper is removed.
 Mycelial growth covered with 2-5 cm
casting material(mostly peat).
 CaCO3 maintain pH 4-5.
 Temperature is maintain 15-20* c.
 Humidity about 85-90%.

15. 4.Croping:
 Fruiting body will start to appear after
12-16 days & will continue for 3-4 month.
After 2-3 days of 1st cropping another
fruiting body will start to appear.

16. Applications of mushroom
 Used in bio-degradation.
 Used as a food.
 Bio-transformation.
 Medicinal value
 Anti HIV , Anti-HBV viruses
 Enzymes
Controlling diabetes & blood pressure.
 Reducing sugars.

17. Mushroom Cultivation