Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
Cytohistological characters of meristematic tissueRabbiasehar1
It explains the functions and properties of the meristematic cells their cell composition without going into ultrastructure details of cells of meristem
Ecades and ecotype - Ecades•introduction •Definition•Explanation•types of ecades , Ecotype, • introduction, •Definition ,•Ecotype VS. species ,•How did ecotype appear ,•From ecotype to species, •Example
Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras.
This ppt contains all about the family Rosaceae under Dicotyledons. It explains about its systematic position, general characters, phylogenetic affinities, floral formula and diagram, economic importance and important genera under this family.
Cytohistological characters of meristematic tissueRabbiasehar1
It explains the functions and properties of the meristematic cells their cell composition without going into ultrastructure details of cells of meristem
Ecades and ecotype - Ecades•introduction •Definition•Explanation•types of ecades , Ecotype, • introduction, •Definition ,•Ecotype VS. species ,•How did ecotype appear ,•From ecotype to species, •Example
Shrubs have many uses within the landscape such as foundation plantings, privacy hedges, and specimen plants. ... Foliage differs from plant to plant, so look for foliage colors that will create a pleasing visual effect and subtle contrast to the other plants within the landscape.
Brassicaceae (/ˌbræsɪˈkeɪsii/) or Cruciferae (/kruːˈsɪfəri/)[2] is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum).
The family contains 372 genera and 4,060 accepted species.[3] The largest genera are Draba (440 species), Erysimum (261 species), Lepidium (234 species), Cardamine (233 species), and Alyssum (207 species).
The family contains the cruciferous vegetables, including species such as Brassica oleracea (e.g. broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, collards), Brassica rapa (turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.), Brassica napus (rapeseed, etc.), Raphanus sativus (common radish), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), but also a cut-flower Matthiola (stock) and the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).
Pieris rapae and other butterflies of the family Pieridae are some of the best-known pests of Brassicaceae species planted as commercial crops. Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) moth is also becoming increasingly problematic for crucifers due to its resistance to commonly used pest control methods.[4] Some rarer Pieris butterflies, such as Pieris virginiensis, depend upon native mustards for their survival, in their native habitats. Some non-native mustards, such as garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, an extremely invasive species in the United States, can be toxic to their larvae.
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Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
Replication Introduction , DNA replicating Models , Meselson and Stahl Experiments , Circuler Model of DNA replication , Replication in Prokaryotes , Replication In Eukaryotes , Comparison Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Replicaton and PCR (Polymerease Chain Reaction)
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
3. Vegetation
• Naturally occurring plants in a particular region.
• Developed, naturalized or existed for many years in an
area.
• Part of natural landscape of that area due to:
– Evolution
– Seed dispersal by birds, animals, wind, or water.
• Many native plants are very beautiful but underused in
landscape or as cut flowers.
4. Vegetation Of Pakistan
• Diversity of flora and climate of comparable size
• 6000 native species of flowering plants reported in Flora
of Pakistan found wildly in different phytogeographical
regions
• Acclimatized well in our regions
• Easily grow with minimal care and less water, fertilizer
and pesticide.
• The only need is to collect and commercialize them.
• Patent Rights and registration
5. Gwarikh (Wild Tulip)
Tulipa uniflora• B.N:
• Family: Liliaceae
• Diagnostic features
Herb annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape
waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, cup shape flower, 3
sepals, 5 petals, red and yellow of colors
• Habitat
Climate with long cool spring and dry
summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep
• Distribution
Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta)
• Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for
cooking, dry bulb powder
6. Jangli Piaz (football lily)
• B.N:
• Family:
Allium capsicum
Liliaceae
• Diagnostic features
Herbs annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape
leaves, 12-20 inch plant, Umbel flower, like foot
ball, purple in colour
• Habitat
Climate with long cool spring and dry
summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep
• Distribution
Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta)
• Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for
cooking, medicine
7. Karoskai
• B.N:
• Family:
Berberis baluchistanica
Berberidaceae
• Diagnostic features
Perennial shrub, lobed leaves, cluster of
flowers in yellow colour
Habitat
dry regions
• Distribution
Baluchistan, Punjab
• Importance
Ornamental plant, antibacterial, treatments
of Escherichia coli, stimulate digestion, reduce
gastrointestinal pains
8. Poppy (post)
Papaver dubium
Papaveraceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Herbs annual, pinnately lobed leaves,
solitary cup shape flower, red in colour
• Habitat
Subtropical, temperate well drained soil
• Distribution
Baluchistan, northern areas
• Importance
Landscape plant, tea, oil, extracted from
the seeds, used by artists as a medium for colours,
red dye, drugs, medicine
9. Somlatha
Ephedra distachya
Ephedraceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Evergreen shrub growing to 1 m,
Branchlets green, ascending, striate, smooth,
flowers cluster obtuse
Habitat
Semi-desert and desert regions
Distribution
provincial flower of the Balochistan
Importance
ornamental, tea, treatment of asthma, hay
fever, and the common cold, relieve acute
muscular pains
10. Gul-e-Nargis (Wild Narcissus)
• B.N:
• Family:
Narcissus poeticus
Amaryllidaceae
• Diagnostic features
Herbs perennial, bulbiferous, Leaves
basal, linear, 12-20 inch plant, hollow stem,
actinomorphic solitary flower, white and yellow,
• Habitat
Temperate climate, Dormancy period,
low marshes to rocky hillsides
Distribution
Northern areas, Murree, Islambad,
Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, fragrant, salad,
bulbs for cooking, medicine
11. (Wild Iris)
• B.N:
• Family:
Iris hookeriana
Iridaceae
• Diagnostic features
Herbs perennial, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap
shape waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, blue and
white solitary flowers
• Habitat
Temperate to subtropical, alpine measows
• Distribution
Murree, Islambad, Hazara, Chitral
• Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for
cooking, juice for cosmetics,
12. Monks hood
• B.N:
• Family:
Aconitum chasmanthum
Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features
Tall herb perennial, leaves 3-lobed with
coarse sharp teeth, 2 to 4 petal blue flowers, 3-5
carples
Habitat
Temperate, moisture-retentive but well-
draining soils
• Distribution
Kashmir, Kaghan, Chitral, Gilgit in august
• Importance
Landscape plant, roots provide poison, use
for hunting, use in medicines
13. Delphinium
• B.N:
• Family:
Delphinium roylei
Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features
4 m tall herb perennial, leaves deeply
lobed , blue flowers, erect racemed inflorence,
Habitat
Temperate, well-draining soils
• Distribution
Sawat, Hazara, Kaghan, Chitral, Murree in august,
plains of punjab in march
• Importance
Landscape plant, Cut flower, roots provide
poison, treat intestinal worms, as a sedative to
cause relaxation.
14. Granny's Bonnet
• B.N:
• Family:
Aquilegia fragrans
Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features
Herb perennial, leaves compound, solitary
flowers, purple, white, blue nodding
Habitat
Temperate, meadows, wetlands
• Distribution
Sawat, Hazara,, Chitral, Murree in august,
Importance
Landscape plant, flowers are sweets use in
salads, tea, treatment of affections of the nervous
system
15. Butter cup
• B.N:
• Family:
Ranunculus acris
Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features
Annual herb, lobed leaves, solitary
flowers, yellow, white, red etc,
Habitat
Temperate, high alpine environments
• Distribution
Sawat, Hazara, Chitral, Murree in august,
Importance
Landscape plant, cut flower, ongoing
(chronic) skin problems, nerve pain and
bronchitis.
16. Peony
Paeonia emodi
Paeoniaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
50 cm tall shrub, white and yellow flowers
solitary, 10 petals,
• Habitat
Moist, shady slopes
Distribution
Chitral, Sawat, kaghan, Hazara, Kashmir
Importance
Ornamental plants, medicinal plant used in
the treatment of hypertension, asthma, uterine
diseases, used as an anticoagulant.
17. Sophora
Saphora mollis
Fabaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Small tree, yellow flowers in clusters,
seeds pods are like legumes
• Habitat
Temperate, subtropical, shady areas
• Distribution
Salt range, Islambad, Murree, Naran,
Kaghan, Chitral
Importance
ornamental plant, woody cut flower,
hedge, screening, specimen plant
18. Blue Ppppy
Meconopsis aculeate
Papaveraceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Prickly perennial herb, 40-60 cm tall,
radical leaves, solitary cup shape flower, blue in
colour
• Habitat
Temperate, shade, alpine rocks, steep
places
• Distribution
Hazara, Gilgit, Chitral, Sawat
Importance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant,
anti-inflammatory
19. Musk Rose
Rosa brunonii
Rosaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Shrub with usually climbing stems up to
10 m long, narrowly ovate leaves, serrated
margins, flowers in cluster, white,
• Habitat
Temperate, marshy araes
• Distribution
Murree, Northern areas of pakistan
Importance
ornamental plant, hips tea, oil,
20. Azalea
Rhododendron ponticum
Ericaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
small tree growing to 5 m, leaves are
evergreen, 6 to 18 cm long and 2 to 5 cm, violet-
purple flower, with small greenish-yellow spots
• Habitat
Temperate, alpine
Distribution
provincial flower of the Azad jammu
Kashmir, Murree, Kaghan Valley
Importance
ornamental tree, rootstock, toxic
21. Chir
Pinus roxburghaii
Pinaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
30–50 m long tree, bark is red-brown,
scales, male and female cone
• Habitat
Temperate, slopes mountains,
• Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad
Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree
Importance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant,
timber, fuel, furniture
22. Juniper
Juniperus excelsa
Cupressaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
6–20 metres tall tree, broadly conical to
rounded or irregular crown, needle-like leaves,
cones are berry-like
Habitat
Temperate, slopes mountains,
• Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad
Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree
Importance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant,
timber, fuel, furniture, seed and leave oil
23. Silver Fir
Abies pindrow
Pinaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
40–60 metres talltree, conical crown with
level branches, greyish-pink needle leaves, cones
• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains,
• Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad
Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree
Importance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant,
timber, fuel, furniture
24. Deodar
Cedrus deodara
Pinaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
40–50 metres tall tree, conical crown with
level and drooping branches, bright green to
glaucous blue-green needle leaves, cones
• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains,
• Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad,
Murree
Importance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant,
timber, fuel, furniture
25. Chinar
Platanus orientalis
Platanaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
30 m tall tree, spreading crown. Maple like
deeply lobed leaves, cones
• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains,
• Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad,
Murree
Importance
ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture,
construction, roofing
26. Whorl flower
Morina longifolia
Morinaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
evergreen Perennial growing to 0.6 m,
flowers are hermaphrodite, leaves have spines
Habitat
open slopes, sami shade
Distribution
provincial flower of the NWFP
Importance
ornamental, stem, leaves and flowers are
used in the treatment of stomach disorders such as
indigestion giving rise to vomiting and nausea.
27. Bhekkar
Justicia adhatoda
Acanthaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
Shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15
cm, oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne
on short petioles, white flowers
Habitat
Subtropical, Dry plains
• Distribution
provincial flower of the Punjab
Importance
Ornamental, leaves contain alkaloids,
bronchodilator, acting as a respiratory stimulant to
help breathing issues.
28. Water crowfoots
• B.N:
• Family:
Batrachium trichophyllum
Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features
Aquatic , needle like leaves, white and
yellow flower, 5 petals
• Habitat
wetlands, ponds
• Distribution
Northern Punjab, NWFP, northern
Baluchistan
Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens
29. Water lily
• B.N:
• Family:
Nymphaea mexicana
Nymphaeaceae
• Diagnostic features
Aquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on
water level, white yellow flowers,
• Habitat
fresh water
• Distribution
Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir
• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens,
symbol, antiseptic, treatment of diarrhea, sedative
effect on the nervous system
30. Kanwal (Lotus)
• B.N:
• Family:
Nelumbo nucifera
Nymphaeaceae
• Diagnostic features
Aquatic , orbicular leaves above the water
level, white pink flowers,
• Habitat
wetlands, ponds
• Distribution
Punjab, Sindh
• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens,
edible, salads, fibers, symbol
31. Water hyacinth
• B.N:
• Family:
Eichhornia crassipes
Pontederiaceae
• Diagnostic features
Aquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on
water level, light purple solitary flowers,
• Habitat
Mashie areas, ponds
• Distribution
Punjab, provisional flower of Sindh,
Kashmir
• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens,
symbol, poisonous, use in medicine
32. Lantana
Lantana camara
Verbenaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
small perennial shrub which can grow to
around 2m in height, small tubular shaped flowers
4 petals, make cluster, leaves are egg-shaped have
hairs
• Habitat
subtropical, full sun
Distribution
Punjab, drought areas of Baluchistan
Importance
ornamental plant, leaves are boiled and
applied for swellings and pain of the body. Bark is
use as lotion for skin diseases
33. Jangli Khajoor
Phoenix sylvestris
Arecaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
4 to 15 m in heighted tree, leaves are 3 m
long, gently recurved, inflorescence grows to 1m
with white, unisexual flowers, fruit ripens to a
purple-red colour
• Habitat
Subtropical, dry areas
• Distribution
Sindh, Punjab
Importance
ornamental plant, fruit, mates, bags
34. Kair
Capparis decidua
Capparaceae
• B.N:
• Family:
• Diagnostic features
small much branched tree or shrub,
Leaves present on young twigs, orange to brick
red colour flowers, spines
• Habitat
desert, dry conditions,
• Distribution
Thal deserts, Dry regions of Punjab
Importance
ornamental plant, fruit in pickles, as
vegetable, folk medicine,
35. Fig ( angeer)
• Figs are soft sweet fruits, full of small seeds and often eaten
dried. They grow on trees. Fresh figs are delicious and jams
and chutneys are often made from them. The skin of a fig is
very thin and ripe figs do not keep or travel very well so in
warm countries figs are dried. -
36. Date Pam ( Khajjor)
• The Date Palm is a tree. It has been cultivated for a
very long time because of its edible fruit. This fruit is
called date. The tree is between 15m and 25m high.
It has long leaves that look like feathers
37. Coco nut Narial)
• The Coconut palm is a type of palm tree. It is a part
of the FamilyArecaceae (palm family). It is a large
palm, growing to 30 m tall. It has leavesthat are 4–6
m long. The term coconut refers to the fruit of the
coconut palm. The coconut tree is amonocot.
38. Grape vines ( Angoor)
• Grapes grow in bunches on vines. On the inside, they are
sweet, juicy and jelly-like. Green grapes are also called white
grapes and are dried to make sultanas. Purple ones can be
called black grapes and are dried to make raisins. There are
red grapes too - red grape juice tastes totally delicious! -
39. Lychee
• The fresh fruit has a "delicate, whitish pulp" with a
floral smell and a fragrant, sweet flavor. Since this
perfume-like flavor is lost in the process of canning,
the fruit is usually eaten fresh.
40. Loquat
• Succulent, tangy and sweet, wonderfully
delicious loquat fruit is rich in vitamins,
minerals, and anti-oxidants. This unique fruit
is originated in the mountainous .
41. Longan
• Longan is also called dragon's eye because of
the white pulp and single black seed.
•
42. Lime
• Lime, (Citrus aurantifolia), tree widely grown in tropical and
subtropical areas and its edible acid fruits. The tree seldom
grows more than 5 m (16 feet) high and if not pruned
becomes shrublike. Its branches spread and are irregular, with
short, stiff twigs, small leaves, and many small, sharp thorn
43. Quince
• The quince (/ˈkwɪns/; Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of
the genus Cydonia in the familyRosaceae (which also
containsapples and pears, among other fruits). It is a
small deciduoustree that bears a pome fruit,
44. Pomelo
• Citrus maxima (or Citrus grandis), (Common
names: shaddock,[1]pomelo, pummelo,pommelo,pa
mplemousse orshaddok) is an originalcitrus fruit,
with the look of a big grapefruit, native
to South and Southeast Asia.