The document outlines the history and standards of television, including NTSC, PAL, and SECAM formats, as well as the various types and stages of program production. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of program producers, different television genres, techniques for generating program ideas, and methods for calculating production costs and revenues. Key aspects of documentary production, including pre-production, production, and post-production processes, are also highlighted.

1. Nithin Kalorth
nithinkalorth@gmail.com

2. Introduction
 A telecommunication medium
 Monochromic and Colour
 Tele = Far ; Vision = To see
 Television founded around 1884
 Commercially grew up around 1920s

3. Television Standards
NTSC
 NTSC : National Television System Committee
 Analog Television
 Used in USA, China, Cuba, Canada etc
 In NTSC, 30 frames are transmitted each second. Each
frame is made up of 525 individual scan lines.

4. PAL
 PAL: Phase alternating Lines
 Analog Television
 In PAL, 25 frames are transmitted each second. Each
frame is made up of 625 individual scan lines.

5. SECAM
 SECAM : Sequential Color with Memory
 It is analog colour television

7. Television programme
 Types of programme:
a. Episode
b. Serial
c. Mega serial
d. Seasons
e. Tele films
f. TV movies

8. Types of format
a. Scripted
b. Unscripted
c. Informational

9. Stages of programme
 Pre Production
 Production
 Post Production
 Promotion and Distribution

10. Pilot episode
 First episode of programme.
 Mainly done for creating impression on viewers and
distributor.
 Used to sell the programme.
 Used to make bookmark of the rest programme.

11. Special Programme
 A special episode made from the original programme
for a purpose.
 Celebration, festival, promotion, anniversary etc.

12. Developing Programme
 Objectives
The aim of the programme .
 Content
What does or should the programme should carry
 Duration
The time of the programme.

13. Pre production (Documentary)
 Scouting the location – Finding the place of
shooting and fulfilling needs.
 Writing the treatment – Verbal description of the
suggested topic or subject of the documentary.
 Budget – Organizing essential expense and proper
planning to use it.
 Pre – Production Script – Proposed interview, cut
away, video shots etc.

14. Production (Documentary)
 Interview names and dates
 Shooting
 Crew management
 Transportation plans.
 Executing script.
 Making log sheets

15. Post production (Documentary)
 Reviewing tape with log sheet.
 Writing final script
 Coordination final script and log sheet
 Editing
 Music, Voice over
 Title

16. Programme Producer
 The key person who controls the whole programme.
 Know as Director, Creator or head.

17. Duties of programme producer
 1. Clearly identify the goals and purposes of the
production.
 2. Identify and analyze your target audience.
 3. Check out similar productions done in the past
 4. Determine the overall value of the production
 5. Develop a Treatment or a Production Proposal
 6. Develop A Production Schedule
 7. Select Key Production Personnel
 8. Decide On Locations

18.  9.Decide On Talent, Wardrobe and Sets
 10.Decide on the Remaining artists
 11.Production Personnel
 12.Obtain Permits, Insurance and Clearances
 13.Select Video Inserts,
 14.Still Photos and Graphics
 15.Moving to Rehearsals and Shooting
 16.The Editing Phase
 17.Do Postproduction Follow-Up

19. Genres
TV genres are various forms or identifiable types,
categories, classifications or groups of programmes
that are recurring and have similar, familiar or
instantly-recognizable patterns, filmic techniques or
conventions.

20. Different genres
 Action
 Adventure
 Comedy
 Crime
 Drama
 Epic/History
 Horror
 Musicals
 Science Fiction
 War
 Reality

21. Programme ideas
 From real life incident.
 By conducting audience survey
 Brainstorming and clustering
 Know demands of sponsors
 Review past programmes
 Read books
 Know the market needs
 Think which can satisfy your needs then audience..

22. Revenue
 The production is based on money and profit.
 So for calculating the profit, one has to follow
following steps:
 COST PER MINUTE
 The cost per minute is relatively easy to determine; you
simply divide the final production cost by the duration
of the finished product. For example, if a 30-minute
production costs 120,000, the cost per minute would
be 4,000.

23.  COST PER VIEWER
 Cost per viewer is also relatively simple to figure out;
you simply divide the total production costs by the
actual or anticipated audience.

24. Cost Per Measured Results
 The last category, cost per measured results, is the
most difficult to determine.
 For this we must measure production costs against
intended results. In commercial television we might
sell 300,000 packages of razor blades after airing one
60-second commercial. If our profit on 300,000
packages was 3 lakhs and we spent 2lakhs producing
and airing the commercial, we might question whether
it was a good investment.