This document provides guidance on writing academic papers and evaluating journals. It discusses the different types of papers, elements to include in various sections like the abstract and introduction, how to write the literature review, and tips for organizing the paper. Key aspects covered include defining the structure of papers, evaluating journals based on indexing, impact factors and payment models, and how to write titles, introduce topics, synthesize literature, and structure paragraphs.

1. Structure of a Paper
Dr Nithin Kalorth

2. Paper/Article/Work
• Short Communication
• Review Papers
• Essay/Research Elements/Video/Interview
• Full Articles
• Book Reviews (Not in Scopus)
• Case and Policy Papers

3. Valuating a Journal
• Unpaid or Paid
• APC
• Open Source
• Conference Proceedings

4. Journal Impact
• Indexing – SCOPUS, EBSCO, ABC, IEEE
• Impact Factor – Citation/Total number ofArticles
• Cite Score – Citation in a year/Total number ofArticles in 3 years
• h Index - Most cited papers and the number of citations that they have
received in other publications

5. Article
• Title (8 – 10 words)
• Abstract and KeyWords (200 – 250 words)
• Introduction (500 – 1000 words)
• Literature Review (1ooo – 2000 words)
• Methods and Methodology (500 – 1000 words)
• Findings (1000 – 1500 words)
• Discussion (1000 – 1500 words)
• References
• Total (4000 – 7000 words)

6. Title of the Paper
• Title should be reflect the main theme.
• Some of keywords of paper should appear in title.
• There should be no full stop after title.
• Title expects to provide answers to:
• What will be studied/researched?
• How will be researched?
• With who and where it researched?

7. Keys elements in Abstract
• Element 1: Start with key problem/ theme of the paper.
• Element 2: Main purpose/aim of the study
• Element 3: Importance of Study
• Element 4: Methodology used
• Element 5: Main findings/Expected findings
• Element 6: Statement of Conclusion/Implications of study

8. Starting with introduction
• Element 1: State broad theme or topic of the paper.
• Element 2: Academic importance or relevance (Why my paper is worth a
read)
• Element 3: Summarize available literature and cite important studies in the
field.
• Element 4: Main gaps of the paper or main contribution of the paper.
• Element 5: Research Questions/Context/Theoretical Framework/Method
• Element 6: Structure of upcoming sessions.

9. Writing Introduction
• Start with simple language without jargons.
• Keep in mind you are giving paper to unprepared reader.
• Use examples to explain technical words or concepts.
• Academic Importance = No/less previous work but enough practical
work/evidence.

10. Writing Literature
• Theoretical Core of the paper
• Critically evaluates, re-organises, and synthesises the work of other
researchers.
• Digest information from various sources and present in logical and reader
friendly manner.

11. Critical Integration and
Synthesis
Articl
e 3
Article
1
Article
2
Literature Review

12. Three challenges of Literature Review
• Finding suitable literature on a specific topic.
• Managing information
• Presenting logical, synthesised, reader friendly review of current
knowledge.

15. Organizing Literature Review
• Start with general/wider concepts.
• Plan headings and sub-headings.
• Write in full sentence – by using a verb.
• Write in active voice.
• Use less direct quote.
• Paraphrase and explain in your own words.
• In text citations.

16. Word by word; paragraph by paragraph
• The topic –The main subject matter or idea covered in the paragraph
• The controlling idea –This idea focuses the topic by providing direction to
the composition.
• Demonstrate your point.
• One idea in a paragraph.
• Link previous and upcoming paragraphs.