The document discusses television production processes. It explains that television production involves 3 main stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. Pre-production includes planning, research, scripting, and arranging equipment and locations. Production is the filming or shooting stage on set or on location. Post-production is the editing stage where raw footage is assembled into a final program by cutting clips, adding audio/visual effects, and finalizing the full program.

1. Broadcast Media
Unit 5: Production forT.V.

2. 1. Discuss the production ofT.V. programmes
2. Explain the procedure of preparation ofT.V. script
3. Specify the production methods and techniques of
T.V.
4. Identify theT.V. production process

3.  Television is a system for transmitting visual images
and sound that are reproduced on screens used to
broadcast programs for entertainment ,information
and education.Television gives a visual image of the
message and uses a language that transcends all
barriers of natural speech:Television is interesting and
enlightening to all ranging from children to old.
Interest in many aspects of life from sports to science,
from politics to dramatics is sharpened byTV
techniques.The music ofTV marvels, motivates and
moves the audience through visuals, immediacy and
interests.

4. Television
Production:
Preparation of script

5.  A screenplay or script is a written work by
writers for a television programme. In script
the movement, actions expressions and
dialogues of the characters are also narrated.
Script is one of the factors responsible for
success or failure of television. It is a kind of
map, a blue-print of what is going to be in the
TV programmes.

6.  Although writing a script on a given topic
differs from one to another and treatment of
the topic varies from person to person, there
are certain common basic features in all
scripts.TheTV scriptwriter should keep these
points in his mind.These are as follows:

7. Kind of Audience
 The script writer must know the age group,
social and cultural background and profile of
the audience to whom the programme is
going to be addressed. The interests,
attitudes and inclinations are to be taken into
account. Homogeneity or heterogeneity,
rural or urban nature, industrial or agricultural
culture of audience are considered for writing
a script.

8. Objective of the Programme
 Specific objectives have to be determined at
first. For example, an educationalTV
programme is spelt out in terms of learning
outcomes. and an adult programme is
expected to achieve citizenship objective
concerning Population education

9. Collection of Factual information/data
 The script writer must collect data from many
sources and arrange them systematically and
present the information that is valid and
reliable
Treatment ofTopics
 The presenter must make all attempts for
presentation of the topic in an attractive
manner by using relevant available resources

10. Format of the Programme
 Appropriate format should be selected as per
the nature of the content, audience, time and
money.
Feasibility and Practicability
 Television presentation is different from
theoretical one.The script writer has to think
in terms of what is feasible and what is
practicable under the circumstances.

11. Peculiarities of the Medium
 The script writer must also considered the
peculiarities of theTV programme
particularly its nature and its one way
communication.Any abstract Idea to be
communicated must be explained in terms of
the audience experiences or by using suitable
visuals.

12. Utilizing aVisual Medium
 Vision and words are go together in a very balanced
manner complimenting each other. The writer of a
TV script should think of his topic in terms of telling
a story in series of pictures.
Presenting in a humorous and light hearted tone
 Although most of the topic cannot be presented in a
humorous manner, attempts should be made by the
script writer to put light-hearted amusement in the
programme.

13. Pre and PostTelecast Preparation
 The Script writer should keep in mind what needs
be told to the audience prior to and after the
programme, so that they can properly be
motivated and many of the new concepts and ideas
would be made meaningful for them.

14.  (i)The script must be simple, direct and personal.
 (ii) It must be written with a full knowledge and
involvement of programme visuals.
 iii)The presenter's style and personality should be
taken into account.
 iv) It must stress and recapitulate its salient points.
 v) It should involve and address the audience directly.
 vi) It should have variety of pace and rhythm and give
occasional "breathing spaces" specially in the middle
of the programme

15.  vii) It should not attempt to say too much in the
time available.
 viii) It should suggest the suitable visuals, sound
effects etc., along with the commentary.
 ix) It must note the demands of the electronic
studio with its facilities as well as limitations.
 xi) It should end with a simple resume of the
programme's main points possibly with different
visual presentation.

16.  Television production management is challenging
business. Planning every detail in advance leads to
smooth shootings, editing and release of the final
product in time. It is producer’s responsibility to make
sure everything is under control; he is responsible for
all happens during the production.There are basically
two ways of doing the television. Either programs are
shot in a specially designed television studio using
several cameras, which are fed into a control room
and assembled in "real time," or they are shot using a
single camera on a location and assembled later in an
editing room with a computer.

17. Sources:
 Brain storming, Brainstorming can be an effective
way to generate lot of ideas and determine the best
solution
 Clustering :Another more personalized and
structured idea generator is clustering. A person starts
with a central idea and branch out to whatever
associations come to mind. (Zettl 2009, 26-27)
 Friends and family talks
 Personal Experiences
 History
 Reading Newly published books

18.  Pre-Production Stage •
 This stage includes everything you do before entering the studio
or reaching the shooting location.
 • It involves idea generation, research, scripting, discussions with
all the crew members and talents (actors), arranging equipment,
video / audio tapes, properties, costumes, sets designing or
location hunting and booking of editing shifts.
 • Pre-production activities involve the planning, budgeting, and
preparation needed before shooting begins. • In all it involves
planning everything in advance.
 •This is very essential to get desired results.
 •The pre-production period can last as long as a month or more
for a movie, or just a week for a single episode of a situation
comedy. Shreya K Chopra https://www.slideshare.net/balishreya23/television-production-process-an-
insight-to-tv-industry dated 18.8.20

19.  •This is the stage when you are on the studio
floor or on location and are ready to shoot or are
actually shooting.
 • It includes managing all the facilities, handling
of talent and crew members, controlling the
crowd, shooting without hurdles and solving any
problem related on the spot at that time.
https://www.slideshare.net/balishreya23/television-production-process-an-insight-to-tv-
industry dated 18.8.20
– Shreya K Chopra

20.  •This is the third stage of program production. • It is the stage
when you get the final shape of the program.
 • It includes cutting the recorded visuals into appropriate length,
arranging the visuals in a proper sequence, use of desired effects
for the visuals or text / captions, commentary recording,
music/song recording, and final assembly of the entire program.
 • It begins with the completion of filming and continues until the
project is delivered to the network for airing.
 •The two main activities of post-production are the editing, or
assembling, of video footage and the creation of a complete
sound track.– Shreya K Chopra
https://www.slideshare.net/balishreya23/television-production-
process-an-insight-to-tv-industry dated 18.8.20