Design involves planning and organizing elements to create objects and systems. Key elements of design include line, color, space, texture, value, shape, type, direction, size, forms, and principles like balance, dominance, unity, harmony, contrast, repetition, variety, proportion, proximity, and gradation. Effective design is economical, customer-friendly, attractive, appealing, convincing, new, and technological. The design process includes analyzing needs, planning the design, organizing elements, and presenting the final design.

1. Nithin Kalorth
DESIGN – AN INTRODUCTION

2. Definition
 Design is the planning that lay the basis
for the making of every object or system.
 The field of design includes art, industry
and our daily spheres of life.

3. Design must be :
 Economical
 Customer friendly
 Attractive
 Appealing
 Convincing
 New
 Technological.

4. Stages of Design
 Analysing
 Planning
 Organizing
 Presenting

6. Elements of Design
LINE
Basic geographic shape for connecting two elements.
Vertical line
Horizontal
Diagonal
Curve
Spiral
Zigzag
Oval
Circle

7. COLOR: Secondary Colors
Primary Colors
Colour is the most expressive element of art and is seen by the way light
reflects off a surface. Colour is used to create illusion of depth, as red colours
seem to come forward while blue seems to recede into the distance.
Space :
Space is the area provided for a particular purpose. It may have two
dimensions (length and width), such as a floor, or it may have three
dimensions (length, width, and height), such as a room or dwelling.

8. Texture:
Texture is the feeling and visual feel of the fabrics, colors, and room accessories.
Texture is the roughness of the surface of a material. Surfaces with same or similar
textures like fireplace marble tiles and drywall usually look more visually appealing.

9. Value:
Value helps with Form. It gives objects depth and perception. Basically
shading. Value is the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is also called
Tone.

10. Shape:
Shape is an area enclosed by lines or curves. It can be geometric or organic.
Importantly, a shape automatically creates a negative space around it.

11. Type:
Type is the use of letterform to add a message that would be otherwise
challenging to create through the other elements.

12. Direction:
All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique. Horizontal suggests
calmness, stability and tranquility. Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and
alertness. Oblique suggests movement and action.

13. Size
Size is simply the relationship of the area
occupied by one shape to that of
another.
Forms and Shapes:
Form and shape are areas or
masses, which defines objects
in shape common shape in line
shape, indeed they cannot
exist without shape.

14. Principles of Design:
These principles are found in nature and it is necessary to understand them and to
interpret ideas as a unified whole.
Balance:
Balance refers to how elements are arranged in a design. It acts very similar
to balancing of physical objects. The design elements derive optical or visual due to
their size, value, color, intensity etc.,

15. Dominance:
Dominance gives a painting interest,
counteracting confusion and
monotony.
Dominance can be applied to one or
more of the elements to give
emphasis.

16. Unity:
Unity refers to a sense that everything in the artwork belongs there, and
makes a whole piece. It is achieved by the use of balance and repetition.

17. Harmony:
Harmony is achieved through the sensitive balance of variety and unity.

18. Contrast:
Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements.

19. Repetition (Rhythm, Pattern):
The recurrence of elements within a piece: colours, lines, shapes, values,
etc.

20. Variety (Alternation) :
The use of dissimilar elements, which creates interest.

21. Proportion (Scale):
Proportion involves the relationship of size between objects.

22. Proximity:
Proximity in design is the placing of similar objects closer together physically,
and unlike objects (decor) further apart

23. Gradation
Gradation of size and direction produce linear perspective. Gradation of of colour
from warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce aerial perspective.