Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease that is usually caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. It most commonly affects the lungs through airborne droplets but can impact other organs. Common symptoms include weight loss, cough, fever and night sweats. Diagnosis involves physical exams, lab tests, imaging and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over an intensive and continuation phase to cure the infection and prevent transmission to others. Directly Observed Therapy Short Course aims to effectively treat TB through detection, regular drug supply and outcome reporting over a standard six month period.

1. TUBERCULOSIS

2. TUBERCULOSIS
It is the most prevalent
communicable infectious disease.
Usually involves lungs but may
effect other organs or tissues in body.

3. Etiology
 Pulmonary Tb is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 Poor hygiene.
 Reduced immune status.

4. Transmission
It is an Airborne disease.
Airborne droplets coughed or
sneezed by the patient.

5. Signs and Symptoms
 Weight loss, fatigue, productive
cough, fever and night sweats.
 Hemoptysis.
 Pleuritic pain.

6. Diagnosis
1. Physical examination: dullness to
chest percussion, increased vocal
fremitus.
2. Laboratory tests: elevation in white
blood cells (WBCs) count with
lymphocyte predominance.
3. Cavitation: show air fluid levels as
infection progresses.
4. Tuberculin test: positive reaction to
intradermal injection of a
tuberculin.

7. Treatment
Desired outcomes:
1.Initiation of specific anti-tuberculosis
treatment.
2.Prompt resolution of the signs and
symptoms.
3.Achievement of a noninfectious
state.
4.Adherence to treatment regimen by
the patient.
5.Cure patient as quickly as possible.

8. Treatment Regimens
 Intensive phase : Daily dose
 Continuation phase : intermitted
dose.

9. Anti TB drugs
1. Isoniazid (bactericidal).
2. Streptomycin (bactericidal).
3. Thioacetazone (bacteriostatic).
4. Pyrazinamide (bactericidal).
5. Ethambutol (bacteriostatic).

10. Directly Observed Therapy Short
Course (DOTS)
 Detection through sputum smear
microscopy of TB suspects.
 6 month treatment.
 Regular supply of anti-TB drugs.
 Reporting system to evaluate the
treatment outcomes.

11. Thank You !