Salmonella typhi bacteria causes typhoid fever, resulting in fever, abdominal pain, and possible complications like intestinal bleeding or perforation. It spreads through contaminated food or water. Diagnosis involves blood or stool cultures. Treatment is with antibiotics like ciprofloxacin. Preventing typhoid fever involves proper handwashing, drinking boiled water, and avoiding raw foods when in areas where the disease is common.
Pulmonary TB is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can cause a range of symptoms, including chest pain, breathlessness, and severe coughing. Pulmonary TB can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. People with active TB can spread the bacteria through the air.
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Pulmonary TB is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can cause a range of symptoms, including chest pain, breathlessness, and severe coughing. Pulmonary TB can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. People with active TB can spread the bacteria through the air.
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They're usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are a fairly common health problem.
Dengue virus rarely causes death. However, the infection can progress into a more serious condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include: bleeding under the skin. frequent vomiting.
It include the definition , signs and symptoms, types, diagnosis, medical management, Nursing management, preventive measures, complication, Post exposure prophylaxis of Hepatitis.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They're usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are a fairly common health problem.
Dengue virus rarely causes death. However, the infection can progress into a more serious condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include: bleeding under the skin. frequent vomiting.
It include the definition , signs and symptoms, types, diagnosis, medical management, Nursing management, preventive measures, complication, Post exposure prophylaxis of Hepatitis.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
hypotension and hypertention emergencies in the dental officevahid199212
this presentation shows how to treat Hypo tension and Hypertension in medical emergencies in the dental office. includes Vasovagal syncope.postural hypo-tension.hypertension as a medical complex.
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. About 1 in every 3 women will suffer from Vaginitis at some point in her life. Vaginitis affects women of all ages, but is most common during the reproductive years.
It is often caused by infections, which are sometimes linked to more serious diseases.
The most common vaginal infections are:
-- Bacterial Vaginosis
-- Trichomin
-- Vaginal Yeast Infection
Although most vaginal infections are caused by bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, or yeast, there may be other causes as well. These causes include sexually transmitted diseases, allergic reactions, and irritations.
Allergic symptoms can be caused by spermicides, vaginal hygiene products, detergents, and fabric softeners. Inflammation of the cervix (opening to the womb) from these products often is associated with abnormal vaginal discharge, but healthcare providers can tell them apart from true vaginal infections by doing lab tests.
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/vaginitis/Pages/default.aspx
Is defined as diarrhea with visible blood in
stools.
The most important and frequent cause of
acute dysentery is Shigella. Other causes
include Campylobacter jujeni, Salmonella,
and enteroinvasive E. coli.
Entameba histolytica causes dysentery in
older children but rarely in children under 5
years of age
Dysentery is specially sever in :-
1. Malnourished infants and children.
2.Those who develop clinically evident
dehydration during their illness. 3. Those who
are not breast fed. 4. Children with measles
or had measles in the preceding month.
5. Those who present with convulsion or
develop coma.
Typhoid Fever is an acute bacterial infection characterized by high fever caused by ingesting the food or water contaminated with faeces from an infected person.
Typhoid fever is the bacterial disease caused by the ingestion of food or water
contaminated with bacterium, Salmonella typhi. The typhoid fever is also called
typhoid. Typhoid fever is diagnosed by detection of Salmonella typhi in the stool
sample. Typhoid responds to anti-biotic treatment. Approximately (3-5) % of the
people becomes carrier after acute illness. Typhoid fever is gastric fever,
abdominal typhus, infantile remittent fever, slow fever, nervous fever and
pathogenic fever.
Acute infectious diarrhoea is the leading cause of morbidity leading to dehydration, hospital admission and death in children.
Viral causes (rotavirus) predominate as the pathogen.
Initial management rely on assessment of severity of dehydration and fluid replacement.
Early refeeding
Antibiotic are needed only in some bacterial and parasitic infections.
Probiotics, prebiotics and zinc reduce the duration and severity of symptoms.
Honey, amazingly contain all these substances and extremely useful in diarrhoea
Defined as inflammation of the mucous membrane of stomach and intestine usually causing nausea ,vomiting and diarrhea.
Gastro-intestinal infections represent a major public health and clinical problem worldwide. Many species of bacteria, viruses and protozoa cause gastro-intestinal infection.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
1. NURSING CLIENT WITH ENDOCRINE AND
GENITOURINARY DISORDER AND COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE
2. Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. typhi). The
disease remains an important public health problem in
developing countries.
About 16 million cases of typhoid fever and 600,000
deaths occur yearly worldwide and that more than
90% of this morbidity and mortality occurred in Asia
3. What?
An acute illness with fever caused by
infection with the Salmonella typhi
bacteria contracted from contaminated
water and food. Also called enteric
fever, bilious fever and yellow jack .
4. •Virulent bacterium that cause illness
1.Bacteria called Salmonella typhi.
2.Fecal- • spread through contaminated food or
water and occasionally through direct
oral route contact with someone who is infected.
• These people, called chronic
3.Typhoid carriers, shed the bacteria in their
carriers faeces and are capable of infecting
others.
5. work in or travel to areas where typhoid fever is endemic
Work as a clinical microbiologist handling Salmonella typhi
bacteria
Have close contact with someone who is infected or has
recently been infected with typhoid fever
Have an immune system weakened by medications such as
corticosteroids or diseases such as HIV/AIDS
Drink water contaminated by sewage that contains S. typhi
6. 1st WEEK
Poor appetite
Fever, often as high as
(39.4 or 40 C)
7. 2nd WEEK
Continuing high Extremely
fever distended
abdomen
Diarrhea or severe weight loss
constipation
8. 3rd WEEK
Lie motionless and
Intestinal bleeding exhausted
9. Salmonella typhi contracted from
contaminated water and food
Ingested by human.The S.typhi survives
the acidity of the stomach
It will invades the payer’s patches of the
intestinal wall
The bacteria is within the macrophages
and survives
Bacteria spreads via the lymphatics while
inside the macrophages
10. Access to reticuloendothelial
system,liver,spleen,gallbladder and bone
marrow.
1st week: elevation of the body temperature
2nd week: abdominal pain, spleen enlargement
and rose spot
3rd week: necrosis of the payer’s patches
Leads to perforation, bleeding .And if left
untreated, death is imminent
11. Blood culture (C&S)
A blood culture during the first week of
the fever can show S. typhi bacteria
Complete blood count (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) will show
a high number of white blood cells.
12. . Stool C&S
stool culture may be positive for S.typhi
several days after ingestion of the bacteria
Widal test
Test whereby bacteria causing typhoid
fever are mixed with serum containing
specific antibodies obtained from an
infected individual
13. Brand name :Cipro USES: This medication is used to
(Ciprofloxacin) treat a variety of bacterial
Class of drugs :quinolone infections.
antibiotics.
Routes : per oral Side effect
:nausea, vomiting,dizziness
Dosage :Adult :500 mg orally ,blurred vision,feeling
every 12 hours for 10 days nervous,sleep problems
14. Brand name :Rocephin
(Ceftriaxone) Uses :It works by fighting bacteria
in body
group of drugs : cephalosporin
antibiotics
Route : intravenous
Dosage:
Pediatric :75 to 80 mg/kg IV
once a day for 5 to 14 days Side effect : Mild diarrhea, mild
Adult:2 g IV every 24 hours pain, swelling, nausea,vomiting
21. • Nursing Diagnosis :Hyperthermia related to increased metabolic
rate, illness.
• Goal : Client can maintain the normal body temperature without
complication
Nursing Intervention Rationale
Monitor patient temperature degree and patterns Fever pattern may aids in diagnosing underlying disease.
Observe for shaking chills and profuse diaphoresis Chills often precede during high temperature
and in presence of generalized infection.
Wash hands with anti-bacterial soap before and after Reduces cross contamination and prevents
each care of activity and encourage proper hygiene. the spread of infection.
Provide tepid sponge baths and avoid the use of ice May help reduce fever .Use of ice water and
water and alcohol. alcohol may cause chills and can elevate
temperature.
Monitor for signs of deterioration of condition or failure May reflect inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
to improve with therapy.
22. • Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for imbalance nutrition related to disease
process.
• Goal : Patient will be maintain the nutrition balance and body weight status
Nursing Intervention Rationale
Monitor the Input & Ouput Chart To maintain nutrient status of patient
Assess client’s nutritional patterns Offer client their favorite food to ensure patient
taken the diet
Recommend bed rest / activity restrictions during To minimize the pain and to maintain patient
the acute phase, balanced body weight each day weight
Record or report such things as nausea, vomiting, To do further management to reduce the symptom
stomach pain and distension.
Collaboration with a nutritionist for dietary To maintain patient taken diet well
administration
23. • Nursing Diagnosis : Increase frequency of bowel movement related
to disease process.
• Goal : Client will maintain the hydration of body from over diarrhea
Nursing Intervention Rationale
Monitor the vital sign such as pulse and respiration To monitor patient from over dehydration
Monitor the Input & Output chart. To maintain the fluid balance in patient body
Encourage the patient to eat more nutritious food such as
To prevent patient from get constipation
fruit & vegetable.
Encourage pt to drink plenty of water at least 2.5 liters /
To maintain hydration status of patient
24 hours.
Observe the drip infusion & administer the medication as To prevent infection and maintain fluid balance
ordered by doctor.
24. Wash hand before and after
handling something
Avoid drinking untreated water
Avoid raw food and vegetables
Choose well-cooked food
25. Avoid popsicles and flavored ices that may have
been made with contaminated water.
Avoid eat the foods and beverages from the
street vendor
Remember taking antibiotics injection as doctor
orders
Getting vaccinated before travelling to another
country where common gets the typhoid.
Follow up with the doctor
26. Salmonella Typhi causes a protracted bacteremic
illness referred to as typhoid fever. Since humans
are the only reservoir for S. Typhi, infection is
most often acquired through ingestion of food or
water contaminated by feces and urine of infected
persons and chronic carriers.
Typhoid fever is characterized by the
gradual onset of
fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, abdomi
nal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, rose
spots, and changes in mental status.
Laboratory diagnosis can be made by
culture of stool, blood and widal test.
27. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated for patients with typhoid
fever. Typhoid fever cases should be excluded from food
handling, and from direct care of
infants, elderly,immunocompromised, and hospitalized or
institutionalized patients. An individual may return to normal
duties after 3 consecutive negative stool culture taken at least
one month apart, and at least 48 hours after completion of
antibiotic therapy. If without prompt treatment, it can cause
serious complications and can be fatal.