This document discusses 7 synthetic drugs: Aspirin, Paracetamol, Dettol, Chloroquine, Phenobarbitone, Chloramphenicol, and Chloramine T. For each drug, it provides the molecular structure, properties and uses, and a brief description of the synthesis. The drugs are used as analgesics, antipyretics, antiseptics, antimalarials, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and disinfectants. The document defines synthetic drugs as chemical compounds produced in a laboratory rather than from natural sources.

1. B.Sc. SEM-VI
Paper-II
Organic Chemistry
Unit-IV
Dr. N. G. Telkapalliwar
(M.Sc., NET, SET, Ph.D., PGD-NSNT)
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry,
Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi, Nagpur
SYNTHETIC DRUGS

2. A) SYNTHETIC DYES:
Colour and constitution (Witt theory, electronic concept) Classification of Dyes based on chemical
constitution. Synthesis and uses of Congo red, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein and Alizarin dye.
 B) SYNTHETIC DRUGS:
Definition, Classification, Preparation, properties and uses of:
Aspirin, paracetamol, Dettol, Chloroquine, Phenobarbitone,
Chloramphenicol, Chloramine T.
C) SYNTHETIC POLYMERS:
Addition or chain growth polymerization, free radical. Vinyl polymerization, Ionic vinyl polymerization,
Ziegler - Natta polymerization .Condensation or step growth polymerization. Polyesters, polyamides.
Unit-IV (Syllabus)

3. Definition
Classification
 Preparation
 properties
Uses
Aspirin
Paracetamol
Dettol
Chloroquine
Phenobarbitone
Chloramphenicol
Chloramine T.
SYNTHETIC DRUGS

4. • A natural or synthetic substances which when taken into living body affects its functioning or
structure, and is used in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, prevention of diseases is called drug.
• Natural drugs are made from compounds found in nature. The most prevalent natural
drug sources are plants.
• Synthetic drugs are chemical compounds produced in a laboratory.
• Synthetic drugs are created using man-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients.
What are Drugs?

5. Aspirin
(Acetylsalicylic acid)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C9H8O4
Colourless crystals or a white crystals, crystalline powder, odourless.
 Analgesic
 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory
 Antipyretic
 Platelet Aggregation inhibitor
Synthesis:
H2SO4
Aspirin
Properties and Uses:

6. Paracetomol
(Acetaminophen)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C8H9NO2
 Colourless crystals or a white crystals
 Analgesic
 Antipyretic
Toxicity (More than 4000 mg a day)
 Liver damage
Skin reactions
Synthesis:
Paracetomol
Properties and Uses:
Phenol
Para-nitro Phenol

7. Dettol
(Chloroxylenol)
Structure: Molecular Formula: C8H9ClO
 Antiseptic and disinfectant
 Clean cuts, wounds, etc.
 Disinfect environmental surfaces such as household floors, walls of slaughter
houses, etc.
Toxicity and poisonous when ingested or inhaled.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroxylenol

8. Chloroquine
Structure: Molecular Formula: C18H26ClN3
 Anti-malarial drug (Treatment or prevention of malaria)
 Amoebic liver access
 Autoimmune disorders
Side effects: Neuromuscular, hearing, gastrointestinal, brain, skin, eye,
cardiovascular and blood reactions.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroquine
180OC

9. Phenobarbitone
Structure: Molecular Formula: C12H12N2O3
 Colourless crystals or a white crystals, odourless
 Sedative
 Anticonvulsant
 Treatment of all types of seizures.
 Treatment of neonatal seizures.
 alcohol detoxification
Relive cyclic vomiting syndrome
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Phenobarbitone

10. Chloroamphenicol
Structure: Molecular Formula: C11H12Cl2N2O5
Greyish-white or yellow white crystals, odourless
 Antibacterial
 Treatment of typhoid
Treatment of staphylococcal brain abscesses
 Treatment of bacterial infection
Treatment of children with fever and a petechial rashes.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
Chloroamphenicol

11. Choramine T
Structure: Molecular Formula: C7H7ClNO2S·Na
White crystalline powder, odour of chlorine
 It is a Sodium salt of N-chlorotoulene para-sulphonamide
 Biocide drugs (algicide, bactericide, fungicide), disinfectant
 Hypochlorite released from chloramine T acts as an effective oxidizing agent for
iodide to form iodine monochloride.
 Effective against mycobacteria such as tuberculosis, foot and mouth disease and
avian influenza.
 Capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth
 Used for the incorporation of iodine to peptides and proteins.
Synthesis:
Properties and Uses:
P-toluenesulphonamide
Choramine T