Enzyme induction occurs when a molecule like a drug binds to and increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme, causing it to be expressed at higher levels. This allows enzymes to kick into production when needed. Enzyme repression is when an effector binds to the operator of a gene and prevents the binding of RNA polymerase, reducing expression of the enzyme. Understanding enzyme induction and repression is important for analyzing drug reactions and toxicity by regulating metabolic pathways and hormone production.
Has information about - Drug tolerance - definition, types, sub-types, it's examples; cross tolerance; tachyphylaxis; Drug intolerance - examples; analgesics tolerance
Metabolic Changes of Drugs and Related Organic Compounds describes the human metabolic processes of various functional groups found in therapeutic agents.
The importance of a chapter on metabolism lies in the fact that drug interactions are based on these processes.
For pharmacists, it is necessary for them to understand why certain drugs are contraindicated with other drugs.
This chapter attempts to describe the various phases of drug metabolism, the sites where these biotransformation will occur, the role of specific enzymes, metabolism of specific functional groups, and several examples of the metabolism of currently used therapeutic agents.
Phase I Vs Phase II Drug metabolism and factors affectiing drug metabolism.
Enzyme induction, Enzyme inhibitor, physicochemical properties wthich acan affect the drug metabolism
Receptor types, mechanism, receptor pharmacology, drug receptor interactions, theories of receptor pharmacology, spare receptors and new concepts like biased agonism
In this ppt competitive inhibition of enzymes is fully explained with its examples. it will be helpful for all the life science students. Non Competitive inhibition , Uncompetitive inhibition & Irreversible inhibition of Enzymes have been well explained in this presentation. it will be helpful for biochemistry, botany, zoology and other life/bio sciences students. I tried to explain Allosteric enzymes, their mechanism of action, Allosteric inhibition, Feedback inhibition in this presentation so that it can be easy to understand the concept for viewers.
Has information about - Drug tolerance - definition, types, sub-types, it's examples; cross tolerance; tachyphylaxis; Drug intolerance - examples; analgesics tolerance
Metabolic Changes of Drugs and Related Organic Compounds describes the human metabolic processes of various functional groups found in therapeutic agents.
The importance of a chapter on metabolism lies in the fact that drug interactions are based on these processes.
For pharmacists, it is necessary for them to understand why certain drugs are contraindicated with other drugs.
This chapter attempts to describe the various phases of drug metabolism, the sites where these biotransformation will occur, the role of specific enzymes, metabolism of specific functional groups, and several examples of the metabolism of currently used therapeutic agents.
Phase I Vs Phase II Drug metabolism and factors affectiing drug metabolism.
Enzyme induction, Enzyme inhibitor, physicochemical properties wthich acan affect the drug metabolism
Receptor types, mechanism, receptor pharmacology, drug receptor interactions, theories of receptor pharmacology, spare receptors and new concepts like biased agonism
In this ppt competitive inhibition of enzymes is fully explained with its examples. it will be helpful for all the life science students. Non Competitive inhibition , Uncompetitive inhibition & Irreversible inhibition of Enzymes have been well explained in this presentation. it will be helpful for biochemistry, botany, zoology and other life/bio sciences students. I tried to explain Allosteric enzymes, their mechanism of action, Allosteric inhibition, Feedback inhibition in this presentation so that it can be easy to understand the concept for viewers.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacodynamics is often referred to as “what the drug does to the body”.
In order to exert their effects, drugs usually interact in a structurally specific way with a protein receptor or act on physiological processes within the body. This activates a secondary messenger system that produces a physiological effect. Drugs do not create new action but they can only modify (alter) the functions of cells or tissues in body. The drug–receptor complex initiates alterations in biochemical and/or molecular activity of a cell by a process called signal transduction.
DRUG ACTION
For more information regarding PHARMACOVIGILANCE, CLINICAL RESEARCH, CLINICAL DATA MANAGEMENT & DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS kindly contact us on 9028839789
THIS PPT INCLUDE PHARMACODYNAMICS AND THIS PPT IS VERY USEFUL FOR (MBBS,BDS ) STUDENTS ,POSTGRADUATE STUDENT (MD,MDS,Phd) STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND PHARMACODYNAMICS.
AN ORGANISATIONAL STUDY ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AT TNPL, KAGITHAPURAM.pptxsrividhyasowrirajan
According to Smith et al. (1969) “Job satisfaction is the feeling an individual has about his or her job.”
It is my final year project. I have summarized for my paper presentation
Source, characteristics and medicinal use of drugs containing carbohydrates -...srividhyasowrirajan
this ppt deals about the sources, characteristics and medicinal uses of drugs containing carbohydrates - acacia gum and honey.
information collected from various websites
andaman island is a good place for spending holidays with family and friends.
It has so many happening spots.
Nice treat for eyes.
Andaman is the perfect destination for shopping.
It is known for its scenic beauty.
The seas of Andaman are cool and refreshing.
the nature is restored and preserved.
graphene, a wonder material, is useful in many areas.it is multifunctional.till now it is said to be harmless.it is a sure one that graphene is the future of science.scientists have found many applications of graphene and the research goes on.it is said ti have limitless functions.its peculiar properties makes itself unique and efficient.it is eco friendly as it is biodegradable
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. What is Enzyme Induction?
A process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces
(i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an
enzyme.
An enzyme inducer is a type of drug which binds to an
enzyme and increases its metabolic activity.
Regulated by exposure to drugs and environmental
chemicals leading to increased rates of metabolism.
Example: lac operon
3. Enzymes that are susceptible to induction are
said to be “inducible”
enzymes kick into production when needed,
remain dormant otherwise.
Enzyme induction can increase the metabolic
clearance of a concomitantly administered drug,
resulting in reduced efficacy, which may
comprise the therapeutic effectiveness of a
drug.
4. What is Enzyme Repression?
Effectors can associate with the operator
and alter the configuration so that the
binding of the polymerase occurs less
efficiently or not at all. This effect is known
as repression.
Example: trp operon
Feedback inhibition
Prevents wasting of energy
5.
6.
7. Importance of enzyme induction
Essential to understand various reactions
that occur inside the body
Important to analyse drug reaction
Study toxicity
Causes less or over production of
hormones
