Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Benefits of biodiversity includes direct, indirect consumptive use values, productive usevalues, social value, ethical and moral values, aesthetic value, option and environmental services, cultural and spiritual values are covered in this presentation.
IUCN is a globally important organisation for the conservation of nature and its resources. It is well known for Red data book. the species of organisms around the globe is grouped into several categories according to their need for conservation.
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Dis presentation is fr both a novice nd a master. Dis presentation tells u abt wat is In Situ nd Ex Situ Conservation, their Merits nd Demerits in a minimal of 5 slides........ Have a look.
An introduction to biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Habitat fragmentation and loss, air pollution, urbanization, epidemics, nature protection, Yellowstone, national parks, some recent studies of the correlation between human population and biodiversity,
IUCN is a globally important organisation for the conservation of nature and its resources. It is well known for Red data book. the species of organisms around the globe is grouped into several categories according to their need for conservation.
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Dis presentation is fr both a novice nd a master. Dis presentation tells u abt wat is In Situ nd Ex Situ Conservation, their Merits nd Demerits in a minimal of 5 slides........ Have a look.
An introduction to biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Habitat fragmentation and loss, air pollution, urbanization, epidemics, nature protection, Yellowstone, national parks, some recent studies of the correlation between human population and biodiversity,
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), formerly called World Conservation Union, network of environmental organizations founded as the International Union for the Protection of Nature in October 1948 in Fontainebleau, France, to promote nature conservation and the ecologically sustainable use of natural resources. The IUCN’s membership includes more than 1,000 governmental and nongovernmental organizations from more than 140 countries. It is governed by a democratically elected council, which is chosen by member organizations at each World Conservation Congress.
This presentation gives an overview of various wildlife conservation societies, their role and the government's initiative for wildlife conservation in India
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
1. Biodiversity Conservation
This incorporates the preservation, maintenance, sustainable use (conservation), recovery
and enhancement of the components of biological diversity, where:
Conservation - is the sustainable use of resources and encompasses protection as well as
exploitation and;
Preservation - is an aspect of conservation meaning to keep something without altering or
changing it.
Sustainable development
This refers to development that meets the needs of the current generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs; it simply refers to intra
and intergenerational equity. A balance between the environment, development and society
results to sustainable development which ensures biodiversity conservation. This is only
possible in the presence of good enforced and implemented policies/ conventions,
environmental institutions and political stability among others.
3. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
Conservation efforts can be grouped into the following two categories:
1. In-situ (on-site) conservation includes the protection of plants and animals within
their natural habitats or in protected areas. Protected areas are land or sea dedicated to
protect and maintain biodiversity.
2. Ex-situ (off-site) conservation of plants and animals outside their natural habitats.
These include botanical gardens, zoo, gene banks, seek bank, tissue culture and
cryopreservation.
4. In-situ methods
Protection of habitat: The main strategy for conservation of species is the protection of
habitats in representative ecosystems.
Currently, India has 103 National Parks,
573 hundred Wildlife Sanctuaries,
18 Biosphere Reserves,
47 Tiger Reserves and
32 Elephant Reserves
covering an area of 15.67 million hectares or 5% of the geographical area of the country.
Twenty six wetlands,
thirty mangrove areas and
four coral reef areas nhave been identified for intensive conservation and management
purposes by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India.
5. Convention on biological diversity (CBD)
Conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components came into
the limelight in 1972 (United Nations Conference on Human Environment; Stockholm).
In 1973, UNEP identified conservation of biodiversity as a priority area, hence there
was need to get the legal mandate for conservation of world resources. There were
negotiations for a legally binding instrument to address biological diversity and its loss
to enhance fairness and equity in sharing of the benefits of biodiversity; this led to the
opening of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992; Rio de Janeiro under the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)/ Earth
Summit.
The convention was inspired by the growing concern all over the world for sustainable
development.
6. The convention objectives were:
• Conservation of the biological diversity;
• Sustainable use of its components;
• A fair and equitable sharing of its benefits.
This was the first global comprehensive agreement that addressed all the aspects of
biological diversity; genetic resources, species diversity and ecosystem diversity
7. Other international biodiversity conventions and conservation
organizations
• African Convention on Conservation of nature and natural resources.
• The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of international importance.
• International Union for the Conservation of nature (World Conservation Union).
• Convention on International trade for endangered species (CITES).
• International Convention for the Protection on birds.
• International Board for Plant genetic resources .
• World Resources Institute.
• World Wide Fund for Nature. (WWF)
• Convention on Conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
• International Convention for the Regulation of whaling .
• UNESCO programme on Man and biosphere .
8. National Parks
National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas.
India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known
as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.
By 1970, India only had five national parks.
In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard the
habitats of conservation reliant species.
Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was introduced in the
1980s.
As of July 2015, there were 103 national parks encompassing an area of 40,500 km2,
comprising 1.23% of India's total surface area.
9.
10. Wildlife sanctuaries
Wildlife sanctuaries are established by IUCN category II protected
areas. India has 537 wildlife sanctuaries referred to as wildlife sanctuaries
category IV protected areas.
Among these, the 49 tiger reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of
special significance in the conservation of the tiger
11. Difference between the two
National parks enjoy greater degree of protection than sanctuaries.
Certain activities which are regulated in sanctuaries, such as grazing of livestock, are
prohibited in National Parks
Wildlife sanctuary can be created for a particular species, whereas the national parks is
not primarily focused on a particular species.
Central government may also declare a national parks under certain conditions
12. Many National Parks and Sanctuaries have been established to preserve wildlife in their
natural environment. Some of them are given below along with important species found
there.
• Kaziranga sanctuary (Assam) – One-horned rhinoceros
• Manas sanctuary (Assam) – Wild buffaloes
• Gir forest (Gujarat) – Lions, chital, sambar, wild bears
• Kelameru bird sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh) – Pelicans and marine birds
• Dachigam sanctuary (Jammu and Kashmir) – Kashmir stags, Himalayan tahr, wild goats,
sheep, antelopes.
• Bandipur sanctuary (Karnataka) – Indian bison, elephants, langurs
• Periyar sanctuary (Kerala) – Elephants, barking deer, sambhar
• Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh) – Tiger, leopards, wild dogs
13. • Simipal National Park (Orissa) – Mangroves, marine turtles lay eggs
• Bharatpur bird sanctuary (Rajasthan) – Ducks, herons
• Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal) –Tigers, barking deer, sambar, wild bear, rhesus
monkey.
• Jaladpara sanctuary (West Bengal) – Rhinoceros
14. Biosphere Reserves
The idea of `Biosphere Reserves’ was initiated by UNESCO in 1973-74 under its Man
and Biosphere (MAB) Programme. The MAB, launched in 1970 by UNESCO.
BRs are thus special environments for both people and the nature and are living
examples of how human beings and nature can co-exist while respecting each others’
needs.
15.
16. Functions of Biosphere Reserves
Functions of Biosphere Reserves
Conservation
• To ensure the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic
variations.
• To encourage the traditional resource use systems;
• To understand the patterns and processes of functioning of ecosystems;
• To monitor the natural and human-caused changes on spatial and temporal
scales;
Development
• To promote, at the local level, economic development which is culturally, socially
and ecologically sustainable.
• To develop the strategies leading to improvement and management of natural
resources;
17. Logistics support
• To provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange
related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development
• Sharing of knowledge generated by research through site specific training and
education; and
• Development of community spirit in the management of natural resources.
18. International Co-ordinating Council of UNESCO, in November, 1971 introduced
the designation ‘Biosphere reserve’ for natural areas.
The concept of Biosphere reserve was refined by a task force of UNESCO’s
MAB programme in 1974, and BR network was formally launched in 1976.
19.
20.
21.
22. Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (2014)
Kaziranga National Park (1985)
Keoladeo National Park (1985)
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988)
Sundarbans National Park (1987)
Western Ghats (2012)
Khangchendzonga National Park (2016)
Natural World Heritage List
23. The Ministry of Environment and Forests provides some financial assistance to the
State/Union Territory Governments for protection and management of the Protected
Areas under the three main Centrally Sponsored Schemes viz.,
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats
Project Tiger
Project Elephant
24. A Biosphere Reserve consists of core, buffer and transition zones.
(a) The core zone is fully protected and natural area of the Biosphere Reserve least disturbed by human
activities.
This zone should be kept absolutely undisturbed.
It is legally protected ecosystem in which entry is not allowed except with permission for some special
purpose.
Destructive sampling for scientific investigations is prohibited.
25. (b) The buffer zone
It surrounds the core zone and is managed to accommodate a greater variety of resource use
strategies, and research and educational activities.
Research and educational activities are to be encouraged.
c) the transition zone,
the outermost part of the Biosphere Reserve,
it is an area of active cooperation between the reserve management and the local people,
wherein activities like settlements, cropping, forestry , recreation and other economic that
are in harmony with the conservation goals.
26. CBD
The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature at the Earth Summit
in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.
To date, there are 193 Parties
Components of biodiversity are all the various forms of life on Earth including
ecosystems, animals, plants, fungi, microorganisms, and genetic diversity
With its three objectives, the CBD is often seen as the key international instrument for
sustainable development
Ecosystems, species and genetic resources should be used for the benefit of humans, but
in a way that does not lead to the decline of biodiversity
India has established a National Biodiversity Authority in Chennai, 2003 under
biodiversity act 2002.
27. Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use
of wetlands. It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city
of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.
India became a contracting party to the Ramsar Convention in October 1981 and
designated Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) as its first two
Ramsar Sites.
Four additional sites were designated in 1990: Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan), Loktak Lake
(Manipur), Harike Lake (Punjab) and Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir).
28. Project Tiger
A potential example of conservation of a highly endangered species is the Indian Tiger.
It is estimated that india had about 40,000 tigers in 1900, and the number declined to a
mere about 1800 in 1972.
Hence Project tiger centrally sponsored scheme was launched in 1973.
Initially 9 tiger reserved were covered under the project, and has currently increased to
47, falling in 18 states.
The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body of the Ministry,
with an overarching supervisory / coordination role, performing functions as provided
in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
29.
30.
31. Project Elephant:
Project Elephant: Project Elephant was launched in 1992 to ensure the long-
term survival of a viable population of elephants in their natural habitats in
north and north-eastern India and south India.
It is being implemented in 12 States.
In spite of this, our elephant herds are at threat as their habitat is shrinking
and their migration routes are disrupted by human activities.
32. Crocodile Conservation
Crocodiles have been threatened as their skin is used for making leather articles.
This led to the near extinction of crocodiles in the wild in the 1960s in India.
A Crocodile Breeding and Conservation Program was initiated in 1975 to protect the
remaining population of crocodilians in their natural habitat and by creating breeding
centers.
It is perhaps one of the most successful ex situ conservation breeding projects in the
country.
Crocodiles have been extensively bred in over 30 captive breeding centers, zoos and
other sites where successful breeding takes place. Thousands of crocodiles of all three
species have been bred and restocked in 20 natural water bodies.