The document discusses the mole and Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23) as a way to quantify large numbers of particles, such as atoms and molecules. It explains how one mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10^23 units, similar to a dozen representing 12 items. Additionally, it covers practical applications of molar solutions in chemistry, including how to prepare specific concentrations of solute in water.

1. Stoichiometry & The Mole
Introductory Chemistry
Canadian Academy
MrT
Mole cartoon from http://wdict.net/gallery/mole+(unit)/

2. 2

3. How many candies in a mole of candies?
Image: 'Color Overload'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/40645538@N00/4911180896

4. How many candies in a mole of candies?
6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
Image: 'Color Overload'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/40645538@N00/4911180896

5. How many grains of sand in a mole of grains of sand?
Image: 'Desert Textures'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/43355249@N00/2243862024

6. How many grains of sand in a mole of grains of sand?
6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
Image: 'Desert Textures'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/43355249@N00/2243862024

7. How many chickens in a mole of chickens?
Image: ’Chickens raised for meat (by PETA)'
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/animals.html

8. How many chickens in a mole of chickens?
6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
Image: ’Chickens raised for meat (by PETA)'
http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/animals.html

9. How many Beliebers in a mole of Beliebers?
Image: 'Justin Bieber's fans'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/33166549@N05/6219319308

10. How many Beliebers in a mole of Beliebers?
6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
Image: 'Justin Bieber's fans'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/33166549@N05/6219319308

11. How many moles in a mole of moles?
Image: 'Day 94 - Mole'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/85088843@N00/446305760

12. How many moles in a mole of moles?
6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
Image: 'Day 94 - Mole'
http://www.flickr.com/photos/85088843@N00/446305760

13. The Mole 6.02 x 1023
A word used to describe a number.
Just like a dozen describes 12 objects or
a score describes 20 objects.
Avogadro’s Number
This standard description helps us take massive
numbers (or tiny things) and make them manageable.
One mole of atoms of an element is
1 x 6 x 1023 atoms
One mole of molecules of a compound is
1 x 6 x 1023 molecules

14. The Mole 6.02 x 1023
A word used to describe a number.
Just like a dozen describes 12 objects or
a score describes 20 objects.
Avogadro’s Number
This standard description helps us take massive
numbers (or tiny things) and make them manageable.
6020000000000
0000000000000
that’s a lot of zeroes

15. What do chemists use to
make guaca-mole?
15
Guacamole image, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guacamole

16. What do chemists use to
make guaca-mole?
Avogadros
Chemistry Cat
@professorkitteh 16
Guacamole image, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guacamole

17. Using the Mole 6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
One mole of molecules of water
H2 O

18. Using the Mole 6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
One mole of molecules of water
Contains…
H2 O
Two moles of atoms One mole of atoms
of hydrogen of oxygen

19. Using the Mole 6.02 x 10 23
Avogadro’s Number
6.02 x 1023 molecules of water
Contains…
H2 O
2 x 6.02 x 10 23 1 x 6.02 x 1023
atoms of hydrogen atoms of oxygen

20. Using the Mole 6.02 x 10 23
unit = mol-1
e.g. g mol-1 = grams per mole (g/mol)
Avogadro’s Number
6.02 x 1023 molecules of water
Contains…
H2 O
2 x 6.02 x 10 23 1 x 6.02 x 1023
atoms of hydrogen atoms of oxygen

21. Electrolysis of water
gas 1
gas 2
faster bubbling
slower bubbling
Cathode Anode
Explain two ways in which your could deduce which gas was in each
test tube AND: one way to test the gases experimentally.

22. Electrolysis of water
2H2O (l)
electricity
2H2 + O2
(g) (g)
There’s a lot going on in that plastic cup!
http://www.sepuplhs.org/high/hydrogen/electrolysis_sim.html

23. What do you call a tooth in a glass of water?
A one-molar solution!
But it’s not really, is it?
• The tooth has not dissolved, so it is not a
solution.
Chemistry Cat
Tooth from: http://photo-dictionary.com/phrase/7639/molar-tooth.html#b @professorkitteh 23
Glass of water from: http://openclipart.org/detail/132019/glass-of-water-by-gustavorezende

24. Molar Solutions are solutions with a known concentration of
solute molecules.
A one-molar solution
Is one mole of the solute
(element or compound)
dissolved into one litre
(1dm3) of water.
So how would you make up a 1M solution of HCl?
24
Glass of water from: http://openclipart.org/detail/132019/glass-of-water-by-gustavorezende

25. Molar Solutions are solutions with a known concentration of
solute molecules.
A one-molar solution
Is one mole of the solute
(element or compound)
dissolved into one litre
(1dm3) of water.
So how would you make up a 1M solution of HCl?
1. Calculate the molar mass of HCl.
• 1.01g + 35.45g = 36.46g
2. Measure out this mass on a balance.
3. Dissolve in 1l distilled water.
25
Glass of water from: http://openclipart.org/detail/132019/glass-of-water-by-gustavorezende

26. A one-molar solution
Is one mole of the solute (element or compound)
dissolved into one litre (1dm3) of water.
So how would you make up these solutions?
1. 1L 1M NaCl
2. 500mL 2M NaCl
3. 1L 1M H2SO4
4. 200ml 0.2M H2SO4
5. 2.5L 0.4M KOH
6. 300mL 1M MgCl2
7. 500mL 2M sucrose solution
8. 400mL 3M glucose solution
26
Glass of water from: http://openclipart.org/detail/132019/glass-of-water-by-gustavorezende

27. A one-molar solution
Is one mole of the solute (element or compound)
dissolved into one litre (1dm3) of water.
So how would you make up these solutions?
1. 1L 1M NaCl
2. 500mL 2M NaCl
3. 1L 1M H2SO4
4. 200ml 0.2M H2SO4
5. 2.5L 0.4M KOH
6. 300mL 1M MgCl2
7. 500mL 2M sucrose solution
8. 400mL 3M glucose solution
Check with the DailyCalcs iPhone app
http://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/dailycalcs-
science-calculator/id353223512?mt=8
27
Glass of water from: http://openclipart.org/detail/132019/glass-of-water-by-gustavorezende

28. The rest of this presentation is on
GoogleSlides, as I keep updating it.
Here it is:
http://i-biology.net/myp/intro-
chemistry/the-mole-stoichiometry/
28

29. For more resources.
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