Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. You have four heart chambers.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. You have four heart chambers.
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A cardiac dysrhythmia (also called an arrhythmia) is an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat. It can be slower or faster than a normal heart rate. It can also be irregular. It can be life-threatening if the heart cannot pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart itself or the rest of the body.
cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of heart beat and normal cardiac function resulting in loss of effective circulation. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the immediate first aid treatment in case of a cardiac arrest. CPR has to be initiated within 10 seconds after cardiac arrest. cardiac arrest can be determined by palpating for carotid pulse. carotid pulse is absent in case of cardiac arrest.
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A cardiac dysrhythmia (also called an arrhythmia) is an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat. It can be slower or faster than a normal heart rate. It can also be irregular. It can be life-threatening if the heart cannot pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart itself or the rest of the body.
cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of heart beat and normal cardiac function resulting in loss of effective circulation. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the immediate first aid treatment in case of a cardiac arrest. CPR has to be initiated within 10 seconds after cardiac arrest. cardiac arrest can be determined by palpating for carotid pulse. carotid pulse is absent in case of cardiac arrest.
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This was a lecture in the course "Significant Medical Conditions in Seniors" presented at Peer Learning in Chapel Hill, NC, USA in 2016 by Michael C. Joseph, MD, MPH.
The Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) algorithm is a systematic, evidence-based approach designed to guide healthcare providers in the urgent treatment of: Cardiac arrest. Arrhythmias. Stroke. Other life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies.
Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain or stroke.
Heart disease is an umbrella term for a group of health conditions that affect the way the heart functions. These heart-related health conditions include coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmias, heart attack, and heart failure, among others. It is possible to have more than one heart condition at a time
Heart Complaints and When To Seek Best Cardiologist PrasanthVS12
Any illness that affects the heart is
referred to as heart disease. There
are numerous varieties, some of
which can be avoided.
The main cause of death
worldwide is heart disease. Many
of the symptoms can be alleviated
with medications, treatments, and
lifestyle changes, but it cannot be
cured or reversed
Medical Surgical Nursing PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 2024.ppsxSalah Nazar
type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
Dialysate Solution: the liquid material that passes through the peritoneal membrane in dialysis process
In 1958, Ida Jean Orlando began developing the nursing process still evident in nursing care today. According to Orlando’s theory, the patient’s behavior sets the nursing process in motion. Through the nurse’s knowledge to analyze and diagnose the behavior to determine the patient’s needs.
Application of the fundamental principles of critical thinking, client-centered approaches to treatment, goal-oriented tasks, evidence-based practice (EBP) recommendations, and nursing intuition, the nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with five subsequent steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (ADPIE).
The nursing process is defined as a systematic, rational method of planning that guides all nursing actions in delivering holistic and patient-focused care. The nursing process is a form of scientific reasoning and requires the nurse’s critical thinking to provide the best care possible to the client
The following are the purposes of the nursing process:
To identify the client’s health status and actual or potential health care problems or needs (through assessment).
To establish plans to meet the identified needs.
To deliver specific nursing interventions to meet those needs.
To apply the best available caregiving evidence and promote human functions and responses to health and illness (ANA, 2010).
To protect nurses against legal problems related to nursing care when the standards of the nursing process are followed correctly.
To help the nurse perform in a systematically organized way their practice.
To establish a database about the client’s health status, health concerns, response to illness, and the ability to manage health care needs.
During a physical examination, a health care provider studies your body to determine if you do or do not have a physical problem. A physical examination usually includes: Inspection (looking at the body) Palpation (feeling the body with fingers or hands) Auscultation (listening to sounds)
Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery, can occur at any age (more commonly between age10 - 30 years)
The obstructed appendix becomes inflamed, edematous and fill with pus
Types of Appendicitis
- Acute appendicitis: severe symptoms appear suddenly within 24 to 48 hours
- Chronic appendicitis: undiagnosed for several weeks, months, or years
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
use artificial kidney to remove waste products and excess water from the patient’s blood
Three primary methods are used to gain access to the blood
Nursing Management of Hemodialysis
The endocrine system: is a network of glands that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream to control many important body functions.
Hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism.
Definition of Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT): is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, based on two or more measurements.
Increase in blood pressure [ Hypertension]
Decrease in blood pressure [ Hypotension]
Blood Pressure: Is the force of blood flow on the walls of blood vessels especially arteries
Diastolic pressure: occur at ventricles rest
Systolic pressure: occur when the ventricles contract
Appendicitis inflammation of the appendix most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery, can occur at any age
Acute appendicitis: severe symptoms appear suddenly within 24 to 48 hours
- Chronic appendicitis: undiagnosed for several weeks, months, or years
hernia: Protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
Hiatal hernia: protrudes up through the diaphragm near the esophagus
Epigastric Hernia: between breast bone and navel
Incisional Hernia: in previously incision in the abdominal wall
Umbilical Hernia: weakness in the muscle of umbilicus
Femoral Hernia: abdominal viscera passes through femoral ring
Inguinal Hernia: occur at the inguinal canal in the groin region (where the spermatic cord in males or the round ligament in females)
- direct Inguinal Hernia: usually occur only in male adults and are caused by a weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall that develops over time
- indirect Inguinal Hernia: caused by a defect in the abdominal wall that is congenital, or present at birth
Postoperative Nursing Care
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
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R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
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Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
2. Congestive heart failure
Definition
(The heart does not pump efficiently with fluid
collect around the heart)
Organs in the body do not get enough oxygen rich
blood that they need to work well
5. Coronary Artery Disease
It is a condition where fatty deposits and
cell-proliferation build-up in the arteries’ wall
supplying the heart muscle
Genetic factors or a diet high in cholesterol
or saturated fat that result in high blood
cholesterol can increase the risk for this disease
Fatty deposits form silently; no symptoms arise
until they are large enough to significantly restrict
blood flow to an area of heart muscle
6. When this occurs, angina pectoris
(chest tightness or discomfort) usually results.
70% or greater blockage in the diameter
of a coronary artery will cause symptoms of chest
discomfort or pain with exercise
An sudden closure of a coronary artery due to a blood
clot forming can cause a heart attack
(myocardial infarction)
7. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Increases afterload (resistance to ejection)
Increases the workload of the heart
Hypertrophy of myocardial
HF
8. Heart Failure and Lungs
As the left ventricle's abilities are diminished, blood tends to pool and back-up
behind it in the pulmonary circulation
(lung)
This back-up under increased pressure,
as the right side of the heart
is still pumping into pulmonary circulation
This result in fluid leakage into the lungs
(a condition called pulmonary edema)
This situation translates into shortness of breath
10. Congestive heart failure
Classification of heart failure
New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification
Symptoms% of patientsClass
No symptoms or limitations
in ordinary physical activity35%I
Mild symptoms and slight
limitation during ordinary
activity
35%II
Marked limitation in activity
even during minimal
activity. Comfortable only at
rest
25%III
Severe limitation.
Experiences symptoms even
at rest
5%IV
11. Types
1 Left-side heart failure
Two types of left-side heart failure
a Systolic dysfunction
b Diastolic dysfunction
2 Right-sided heart failure
3 Congestive heart failure
12.
13. Congestive heart failure
Clinical manifestations
Signs
Cachexia and muscle wasting
Tachycardia
Increased jugular venous distention
(JVD)
Bilateral crackles that (do not clear with
cough)
Third heart sound (S3)
Murmurs (with valvular dysfunction)
Edema
Hepatomegaly (tender)
Ascites
Cardiomegaly
Symptoms
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Reduced exercise tolerance,
lethargy, fatigue
Nocturnal cough
Wheeze
Ankle swelling
Anorexia
14. (B) When the pressure is
released, an indentation
remains in the edematous tissue
(A) Example of pitting edema. The
nurse applies finger
pressure to an area near the
ankle
15. Diagnostic Evaluation
Patient history
Physical examination
Laboratory Investigations
Electrocardiography ECG
Echocardiogram(ejection fraction) & US
Magnetic resonance
Computed tomography imaging
Cardiac catheterization with angiography
A biopsy of heart muscle is needed
Treadmill Test
17. Non pharmacological management
Non pharmacological management of heart failure
(surgical intervention)
♥ Coronary artery bypass grafting ( revascularization)
♥ Percutaneous coronary intervention (Angioplasty) PCI
♥ Valve replacement
♥ Biventricular pacemaker
♥ Heart transplantation
♥ Left ventricular assist device
(LVAD)
18. Nursing care of patients
with congestive heart failure
♥ High fowler's position
♥ Oxygen supply
♥ Elevate extremities except when the patient is in acute distress
♥ Frequently monitor vital signs
♥ Change position frequently
♥ Monitor Fluids intake and output
♥ Daily weight
♥ Restrict salt and fluids as ordered
♥ Teach the patient and family and provide emotional support (life
style change)
♥ Explain the side effect of medications like ( side effects of diuretics
include electrolyte imbalance, symptomatic hypotension)
♥ Use aseptic procedures when caring for invasive lines