Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Health care providers call this lining the peritoneum. A more convenient method of dialysis in home itself.
Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Health care providers call this lining the peritoneum. A more convenient method of dialysis in home itself.
This procedure is knowledge required for the dialysis, in this PPT include introduction, definition, indication, Advantages, Disadvantages, Nursing care and complication of Arteriovenous graft.
Medical Surgical Nursing PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 2024.ppsxSalah Nazar
type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
Dialysate Solution: the liquid material that passes through the peritoneal membrane in dialysis process
This procedure is knowledge required for the dialysis, in this PPT include introduction, definition, indication, Advantages, Disadvantages, Nursing care and complication of Arteriovenous graft.
Medical Surgical Nursing PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 2024.ppsxSalah Nazar
type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
Dialysate Solution: the liquid material that passes through the peritoneal membrane in dialysis process
Peritoneal Dialysis – Procedure and Recovery.pdfMeghaSingh194
The kidney failure treatment known as Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis. The lining of the peritoneal cavity (the abdominal cavity) serves as the membrane through which excess fluid and waste are expelled. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/peritoneal-dialysis-procedure-and-recovery/
peritoneal dialysis, management of chronic renal failureSapana Shrestha
Peritoneal dialysis is a technique of dialysis in which solute and fluid exchange occurs between peritoneal capillary blood and dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity via peritoneal layer with the help of peritoneal catheter.
Peritoneal dialysis uses a natural filter inside your body—the lining of your belly, called the peritoneal membrane—to remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. It also restores the normal balance of certain minerals in the blood (electrolytes). The dialysis fluid fills the belly and pulls out extra minerals and fluids from the bloodstream. These wastes then drain out of the body along with the dialysis fluid into a collection bag. Peritoneal dialysis is usually done at home.
In 1958, Ida Jean Orlando began developing the nursing process still evident in nursing care today. According to Orlando’s theory, the patient’s behavior sets the nursing process in motion. Through the nurse’s knowledge to analyze and diagnose the behavior to determine the patient’s needs.
Application of the fundamental principles of critical thinking, client-centered approaches to treatment, goal-oriented tasks, evidence-based practice (EBP) recommendations, and nursing intuition, the nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with five subsequent steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (ADPIE).
The nursing process is defined as a systematic, rational method of planning that guides all nursing actions in delivering holistic and patient-focused care. The nursing process is a form of scientific reasoning and requires the nurse’s critical thinking to provide the best care possible to the client
The following are the purposes of the nursing process:
To identify the client’s health status and actual or potential health care problems or needs (through assessment).
To establish plans to meet the identified needs.
To deliver specific nursing interventions to meet those needs.
To apply the best available caregiving evidence and promote human functions and responses to health and illness (ANA, 2010).
To protect nurses against legal problems related to nursing care when the standards of the nursing process are followed correctly.
To help the nurse perform in a systematically organized way their practice.
To establish a database about the client’s health status, health concerns, response to illness, and the ability to manage health care needs.
During a physical examination, a health care provider studies your body to determine if you do or do not have a physical problem. A physical examination usually includes: Inspection (looking at the body) Palpation (feeling the body with fingers or hands) Auscultation (listening to sounds)
Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery, can occur at any age (more commonly between age10 - 30 years)
The obstructed appendix becomes inflamed, edematous and fill with pus
Types of Appendicitis
- Acute appendicitis: severe symptoms appear suddenly within 24 to 48 hours
- Chronic appendicitis: undiagnosed for several weeks, months, or years
use artificial kidney to remove waste products and excess water from the patient’s blood
Three primary methods are used to gain access to the blood
Nursing Management of Hemodialysis
The endocrine system: is a network of glands that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream to control many important body functions.
Hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism.
Definition of Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT): is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, based on two or more measurements.
Increase in blood pressure [ Hypertension]
Decrease in blood pressure [ Hypotension]
Blood Pressure: Is the force of blood flow on the walls of blood vessels especially arteries
Diastolic pressure: occur at ventricles rest
Systolic pressure: occur when the ventricles contract
Appendicitis inflammation of the appendix most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery, can occur at any age
Acute appendicitis: severe symptoms appear suddenly within 24 to 48 hours
- Chronic appendicitis: undiagnosed for several weeks, months, or years
hernia: Protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
Hiatal hernia: protrudes up through the diaphragm near the esophagus
Epigastric Hernia: between breast bone and navel
Incisional Hernia: in previously incision in the abdominal wall
Umbilical Hernia: weakness in the muscle of umbilicus
Femoral Hernia: abdominal viscera passes through femoral ring
Inguinal Hernia: occur at the inguinal canal in the groin region (where the spermatic cord in males or the round ligament in females)
- direct Inguinal Hernia: usually occur only in male adults and are caused by a weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall that develops over time
- indirect Inguinal Hernia: caused by a defect in the abdominal wall that is congenital, or present at birth
Postoperative Nursing Care
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
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Hot Selling Organic intermediates
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
1. Medical Surgical Nursing
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
الصحة معهد
العالي
المادة مدرس
م
.
إختصاص جامعي
الوهاب عبد نزار صـالح
تمـريض علــوم ماجـستير
Salah Nazar Abdulwahhab M.Sc. Nursing
www.slideshare.net
1
2. Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): type of dialysis that uses peritoneal semipermeable membrane to remove
excessive wastes and fluids from the blood in peritoneal vessels to a dialysate solution that implant into
peritoneal cavity than drain it outside the body.
Dialysate Solution: the liquid material that passes through the peritoneal membrane in dialysis process
Main Types of Peritoneal Dialysis
1. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
Dialysis by a nurse, patient or family
2. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
By using computerized machine called a cycler to regulate the exchanges
2
3. Peritoneal Dialysis Process
1. Sterile technique during instilling catheter and exchanges process
2. Peritoneal catheter is placed into the patient’s peritoneal space below the waistline near the navel
3. The exchange process has three steps
a. Filling
b. Dwell time
c. Draining
4. The filling step involves instilling a bag of (dialysate) into the patient’s peritoneal cavity through the
catheter by surgical intervention
5. The amount of solution is usually (1500 to 2000) mL.
6. Raising the plastic bag to shoulder level, gravity pulls the fluid into the abdomen. When empty, the
plastic bag is removed and thrown away
7. In dwelling step the cleansing fluid (dialysate) stays inside the abdomen for several hours
8. The waste products and extra fluid move out from the blood through membrane to the dialysate
9. In draining step the dialysate is drained from the abdomen through the PD catheter into a plastic bag
10. The process of these 3 steps (filling, dwelling and draining) is called [exchange]
11. Usually three exchanges are done during the day and one before bedtime
12. Sometimes medications are added to the dialyzing solutions such as
- Heparin to prevent clotting of the catheter
- Insulin for the patient with diabetes
- Antibiotics if there is infection
3
5. Advantages of peritoneal dialysis
1. lifestyle flexibility and independence
These can be especially important if you work, travel or
live far from a hemodialysis center.
2. More flexible dietary guidelines.
Peritoneal dialysis is done more continuously
(3-4 times day) than hemodialysis (2-3 times week),
resulting in less accumulation of potassium, sodium and
fluid.
3. More stable blood chemistry and body hydration
Peritoneal dialysis doesn't require intravenous (IV)
access, that lead to change in circulation and fluid levels.
4. Longer residual kidney function.
might retain to kidney function slightly longer than
people who use hemodialysis.
5. Easy for the client and family to learn
6. Better tolerable for patient with heart disease
5
6. Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
Complications of peritoneal dialysis can include:
1. Infections
peritonitis: infection of the peritoneum which can be life threatening
it is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis.
2. Weight gain
The dialysate contains sugar (dextrose) lead to absorbing several
hundred extra calories a day
The extra calories can also cause hyperglycemia, especially in
diabetes
3. Hernia
Holding fluid in the abdomen for long periods may strain the
muscles.
5. Poor fluids exchange
6. Inadequate dialysis
PD can become ineffective after several years, this need to switch to
hemodialysis
6
7. Nursing Care for Patient with PD
1. Provide O2 supply for patient with shortness of breath (SOB)
2. Provide clean and quiet environment
3. Provide Comfort by:
a. Put the patient with comfortable position
b. Comfortable bed and pillows
c. Ensure TV and audio is working properly
4. Monitoring of vital signs, especially blood pressure if dropping
too quickly, exchange for a period of time than give (200-300) mL
of normal saline (NS) to balance fluid levels as prescribed
5. Draining starts slowly
6. Modification of dialysis according to the patient's condition and
laboratory analysis
7. Regular Assessment for access site
8. follow up charting for input and output dialysate solution
9. Prevent hard physical activity
10. Follow up diet for patients with renal failure
7