Speaking is the act of communicating orally through vocal sounds and language. It involves more than just pronouncing words and requires skills like being prepared, interacting with audiences, and structuring speeches effectively. There are different types of speaking situations from interactive conversations to non-interactive recordings. Improving speaking abilities involves regular practice, public speaking opportunities, gaining feedback, and focusing on fluency over complex grammar. Speaking skills are important for meetings, presentations, and communicating ideas clearly.
This ppt. is all about the speaking skills along with the barriers that we faced during the speaking and how we can speak in public and what are the postures and gestures we should used during the speaking in public.
its a presentation on how to make presentations. it was my school project. posting it just for a start, i hope i will be posting more study related slides because they help me a lot and i hope they help others too.
This presentation defines the term speaking and speaking skills. Also it contains some description of key speaking skills which every speaker should have.
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
This ppt. is all about the speaking skills along with the barriers that we faced during the speaking and how we can speak in public and what are the postures and gestures we should used during the speaking in public.
its a presentation on how to make presentations. it was my school project. posting it just for a start, i hope i will be posting more study related slides because they help me a lot and i hope they help others too.
This presentation defines the term speaking and speaking skills. Also it contains some description of key speaking skills which every speaker should have.
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
A brief overview of types of reading.
TYPES OF READING
AN OVERVIEW OF READING SKILLS AND STRATEGIES
TWO MAIN READING CATEGORIES
• A – ORAL
• B – SILENT
• 1. SKIMMING
• 2. SCANNING
• 3. INTENSIVE READING
• 4. EXTENSIVE READING
SKIMMING
Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or 'gist'. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It's not essential to understand each word when skimming.
EXAMPLES OF SKIMMING
• The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day)
• Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail)
• Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)
SCANNING
Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don't understand, don't worry when scanning.
EXAMPLES OF SCANNING
• The "What's on TV" section (itinerary) of your newspaper.
• A train / airplane schedule
• A conference guide
EXTENSIVE READING
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE READING
• The latest marketing strategy book
• A novel you read before going to bed
• Magazine articles that interest you
INTENSIVE READING
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE READING
• A bookkeeping report
• An insurance claim
• A contract
RECAP
• Skimming - Reading rapidly for the main points
• Scanning - Reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required
• Extensive - Reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding
• Intensive - Reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding
FINALLY A SHORT QUIZ
this is the ppt on reading skill by harshid panchal.
about me : i'm the student of gandhinagar institute of technology.i made this ppt with the help of my friend dhrumil patel. .special thanx for him. ..
https://harshidpanchalhp.wordpress.com/
A Helpful Presentation in Improving your Listening Skills.. Start from Intro, Definition, explanation, factors, advantages, process etc .. All things are covered in this Presentation.
if u have any Question regarding this feel free to ask in comment..
thank u.
What is speaking?
• Speaking is the second of the four language skills, which are listening, speaking, reading and writing.
• It involves talking or giving speeches
Informative Speeches
• In an informative speech, a speaker communicates knowledge about a specific topic to an audience.
• A speaker should possess a thorough knowledge of the subject about which they are speaking in their informative speech.
• Informative speeches can be about objects, events, processes, or concepts.
• The more specific and focused your topic, the easier it is for you as a researcher and speech writer (and for your audience) to understand your topic.
Persuasive Speeches
• In a persuasive speech, a speaker attempts to persuade the audience to adopt his/her position in relation to a topic.
Keypoints to remember:
A persuasive speech intends to persuade the audience to adopt the position of the speaker
Know your audience
A speaker gives a persuasive speech to convince the audience to take on his/her position regarding a certain topic. A persuasive speech might contain a call to action, whereby the speaker attempts to persuade members of the audience to perform a certain action, or to convince the audience to adopt a specific point of view on a certain topic.
Persuasive speeches commonly contain lots of pathos.
• Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of the audience.
• Political speeches are examples of persuasive speeches heavy with pathos. By appealing to emotions through references to "freedom" or "patriotism," politicians seek to gain the audience's vote.
• Empathize with the audience to demonstrate that you are like them - that you understand how they feel and what they think.
Special Occasion Speeches
• Some special occasions require speeches which will be different than a speech that intends to inform or persuade an audience.
• Special occasion speeches tend to be shorter speeches, commonly less than ten minutes
• Special occasion speeches are commonly addressed to a particular audience.
• Depending on the context, special occasion speeches can be funny or sad.
• Special occasion speeches are usually shorter than informative or persuasive speeches. Special occasion speeches are usually less than ten minutes long, which demonstrates that their purpose is different than other types of speeches delivered at a conference or political rally. Depending on the context, the purpose of a special occasion speech may be to remember, to praise or to humorously tease. They may contain a use of pathos that aims to convince the audience to be happy, possibly by being comedic. However, they may use a pathos intended to make the audience reflective, as in a speech given at a memorial service.
A brief overview of types of reading.
TYPES OF READING
AN OVERVIEW OF READING SKILLS AND STRATEGIES
TWO MAIN READING CATEGORIES
• A – ORAL
• B – SILENT
• 1. SKIMMING
• 2. SCANNING
• 3. INTENSIVE READING
• 4. EXTENSIVE READING
SKIMMING
Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or 'gist'. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It's not essential to understand each word when skimming.
EXAMPLES OF SKIMMING
• The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day)
• Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail)
• Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)
SCANNING
Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don't understand, don't worry when scanning.
EXAMPLES OF SCANNING
• The "What's on TV" section (itinerary) of your newspaper.
• A train / airplane schedule
• A conference guide
EXTENSIVE READING
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE READING
• The latest marketing strategy book
• A novel you read before going to bed
• Magazine articles that interest you
INTENSIVE READING
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE READING
• A bookkeeping report
• An insurance claim
• A contract
RECAP
• Skimming - Reading rapidly for the main points
• Scanning - Reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required
• Extensive - Reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding
• Intensive - Reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding
FINALLY A SHORT QUIZ
this is the ppt on reading skill by harshid panchal.
about me : i'm the student of gandhinagar institute of technology.i made this ppt with the help of my friend dhrumil patel. .special thanx for him. ..
https://harshidpanchalhp.wordpress.com/
A Helpful Presentation in Improving your Listening Skills.. Start from Intro, Definition, explanation, factors, advantages, process etc .. All things are covered in this Presentation.
if u have any Question regarding this feel free to ask in comment..
thank u.
What is speaking?
• Speaking is the second of the four language skills, which are listening, speaking, reading and writing.
• It involves talking or giving speeches
Informative Speeches
• In an informative speech, a speaker communicates knowledge about a specific topic to an audience.
• A speaker should possess a thorough knowledge of the subject about which they are speaking in their informative speech.
• Informative speeches can be about objects, events, processes, or concepts.
• The more specific and focused your topic, the easier it is for you as a researcher and speech writer (and for your audience) to understand your topic.
Persuasive Speeches
• In a persuasive speech, a speaker attempts to persuade the audience to adopt his/her position in relation to a topic.
Keypoints to remember:
A persuasive speech intends to persuade the audience to adopt the position of the speaker
Know your audience
A speaker gives a persuasive speech to convince the audience to take on his/her position regarding a certain topic. A persuasive speech might contain a call to action, whereby the speaker attempts to persuade members of the audience to perform a certain action, or to convince the audience to adopt a specific point of view on a certain topic.
Persuasive speeches commonly contain lots of pathos.
• Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of the audience.
• Political speeches are examples of persuasive speeches heavy with pathos. By appealing to emotions through references to "freedom" or "patriotism," politicians seek to gain the audience's vote.
• Empathize with the audience to demonstrate that you are like them - that you understand how they feel and what they think.
Special Occasion Speeches
• Some special occasions require speeches which will be different than a speech that intends to inform or persuade an audience.
• Special occasion speeches tend to be shorter speeches, commonly less than ten minutes
• Special occasion speeches are commonly addressed to a particular audience.
• Depending on the context, special occasion speeches can be funny or sad.
• Special occasion speeches are usually shorter than informative or persuasive speeches. Special occasion speeches are usually less than ten minutes long, which demonstrates that their purpose is different than other types of speeches delivered at a conference or political rally. Depending on the context, the purpose of a special occasion speech may be to remember, to praise or to humorously tease. They may contain a use of pathos that aims to convince the audience to be happy, possibly by being comedic. However, they may use a pathos intended to make the audience reflective, as in a speech given at a memorial service.
Teaching Speaking
Many language learners regard speaking ability as the measure of knowing a language. These learners define fluency as the ability to converse with others, much more than the ability to read, write, or comprehend oral language. They regard speaking as the most important skill they can acquire, and they assess their progress in terms of their accomplishments in spoken communication.
Language learners need to recognize that speaking involves three areas of knowledge:
Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary): Using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation
Functions (transaction and interaction): Knowing when clarity of message is essential (transaction/information exchange) and when precise understanding is not required (interaction/relationship building)
Social and cultural rules and norms (turn-taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants): Understanding how to take into account who is speaking to whom, in what circumstances, about what, and for what reason.
In the communicative model of language teaching, instructors help their students develop this body of knowledge by providing authentic practice that prepares students for real-life communication situations. They help their students develop the ability to produce grammatically correct, logically connected sentences that are appropriate to specific contexts, and to do so using acceptable (that is, comprehensible) pronunciation.
More informaton : http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/speaking/spindex.htm
Listening to customers has always been at the core of successful businesses…but Today listening at scale across the social Web provides opportunities to move beyond simply understanding…it also poses some significant challenges. Listening across the social Web can serve to inform and engage your business in new ways to create and nurture new, or further strengthen existing, customer relationships
Listening is one of the most important skills you can have. How well you listen has a major impact on your job effectiveness and on the quality of your relationships with other people.
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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1. Introduction:
Speaking:
Speaking is an act of making vocal sounds. We can say that speaking means to converse, or
expressing one's thoughts and feelings in spoken language. To speak often implies conveying
information. It may be from an informal remark to a scholarly presentation to a formal address.
Speaking skills:
Speaking skills are the skills that give us the ability to communicate effectively.
These skills allow the speaker, to convey his message in a passionate, thoughtful, and
convincing manner.
Speaking skills also help to assure that one won't be misunderstood by those who are listening.
Description:
Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode. It, like the other skills, is more complicated than
it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words.
There are three kinds of speaking situations in which we find ourselves:
1. interactive,
2. partially interactive, and
3. Non-interactive.
Interactive speaking situations include face-to-face conversations and telephone calls, in
which we are alternately listening and speaking, and in which we have a chance to ask for
clarification, repetition, or slower speech from our conversation partner.
Some speaking situations are partially interactive, such as when giving a speech to a live
audience, where the convention is that the audience does not interrupt the speech. The speaker
nevertheless can see the audience and judge from the expressions on their faces and body
language whether or not he or she is being understood.
Few speaking situations may be totally non-interactive, such as when recording a speech for
a radio broadcast.
In all the above explained conditions speaking is always a headache for most of the people.
Although the fear of speaking is common, studies show that ability to speaking can be enhanced
by improving speaking skills.
2. What to do before speaking?
The first step to speaking is to think and the first step to perfect speaking is to thick positive.
Good speakers have the ability to quickly analyze and absorb the information given to them,
assess it fast and to make a decision and communicate that decision to other. Keep in mind to:
1. Be an active listener:
The key ingredient towards making you a person who can think on the spot and respond
intelligently is to be an active listener. This means listening carefully and giving your full
attention to the words, tone, emotion and logic behind what the other one is saying.
2. Be a quick organiser of thoughts:
All of us have the ability to think fast. The trick is to adopt some frameworks or models to
structure new information into something coherent that we can respond with. One can break down
issues or ideas into past, present and future.
3. Structure your speech in your mind:
These are useful frameworks to organise ideas and thoughts quickly.
The basic structure of any speech involves:
Opening
Body
Conclusion
It is very useful in delivering speeches and especially for speaking in situations such as table
topics during meetings or other times when called upon to "say some words". Thinking before
speaking is important for us to add value in terms of communicating our thoughts, ideas and
feelings. We can touch lives through deeds and we can touch lives through speech.
SpeakingSkills:
Some speaking skills are:
1. Be prepared and practice.
The more you know what you want to say, the better you'll get at it. First, brainstorm the topic of
your speech and research it, if you need to. Write down all the points you want to make and then
organize them into an outline. Then, practice your speech out loud at least 3 to 5 times.
2. Know your audience.
The better you know your audience or listeners, the easier it will be to connect to them as you
speak. When you are able to make that connection, you'll hold their attention.
3. Pay attention to the old KISS principle, that is, Keep It Short and Simple.
When you are speaking don't beat around the bush or try to impress with complex metaphors.
Stories, however, can be a powerful public speaking tool, especially when they contain at least a
hint of humor. But again, keep them short and on point. Shorter messages leave more impression.
They're also easier for your audience to remember.
3. 4. Interact with your audience.
Lectures will rarely have the same impact on an audience that an open discussion will. Look for
opportunities to involve your audience in what you are speaking about. Ask for validation of
points you are making ("Am I right?" "Has that ever happened to you?") Or allow time for
questions. Also, make sure to establish eye contact with your audience, and keep it throughout
your speech.
5. Speak with sincerity and passion.
When a person wants to leave a lasting impression with the audience about one’s topic then be
sure that you are true to yourself and your topic as you speak .Don't be afraid to inject enthusiasm
and passion into the speech as well.
6. Close your speech in a memorable way.
Give your audience something to think about as you finish up your speech. Certainly, it's a good
idea to summarize your main points one more time, but then finish up with an inspiring story or
quote, or leave them with a thought provoking question.
7. Fluency
The main goal is fluency. Remember that one don't have to know many complex grammatical
structures to achieve that goal! First of all try to speak as fluent as possible (even making some
grammar mistakes). Then, after making one’s speaking fluent, one can focus on grammar
aspects.
Speaking skills required in meeting:
Speaking skills are very important in business. Those who are at ease conversationally have the
ability to "connect" with others which builds rapport and, eventually, relationships. Effective
business meeting communication is very much a learnable skill. Here are important tips on
speaking well as a meeting participant.
1. Talk to the entire group.
When speaking in groups moves your eyes around and talk to anyone who's listening to what you
have to say. "When responding to a question, address the entire group, not just the person who
asked the question,"
2. Reach out and encourage feedback.
Actively encourage comment and feedback based on what you have to contribute.
3. Mirror the tenor of the meeting.
Another business meeting basic is establishing a comfortable atmosphere where everyone feels at
ease. One effective way to achieve that is to establish a consistency in communication. If, for
instance, most participants are keeping their remarks short, do the same. If their tone is low and
reserved, follow their lead.
4. 4. Don’t be a time hog.
Be thorough, but don't take much time to get your message across that you lose others' attention.
Micro-skills:
Here are some of the micro-skills involved in speaking.
The speaker has to Pronounce the distinctive sounds of a language clearly enough so that
people can distinguish them. This includes making tonal distinctions.
Use the correct forms of words. This may mean, for example, changes in the tense, case, or
gender.
Put words together in correct word order.
Use vocabulary appropriately.
Use the language that is appropriate to the situation and the relationship to the conversation
partner.
Make the main ideas stand out from supporting ideas or information.
Barriers while speaking:
There are certain barriers to speaking:
1.Unclear messages.
2. Lack of consistency in the communication process.
3. Incomplete sentences.
4. Not understanding the receiver.
5. Words can have different meanings to different listener.
6. Use of negative words.
Now the question arises how we can improve our speaking skills
How to improve speaking skills:
1. Practice where you can, when you can: Any practice is good whether you speak to someone
who is a native English speaker or not.
2. It's important to build your confidence. If possible, use simple English sentence structure that
you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your message across.
3. Try to experiment with the English you know. Use words and phrases you know in new
situations. Native English speakers are more likely to correct you if you use the wrong word
than if you use the wrong grammar. Experimenting with vocabulary is a really good way of
getting feedback.
5. 4. Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by
looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way.
5. Try NOT to translate into and from your own language. This takes too much time and will
make you more hesitant.
6. If you forget a word do what native English speakers do all the time, and say things that 'fill'
the conversation. This is better than keeping completely silent. Try using um, or err, if you
forget the word.
7. Don't speak too fast! It's important to use a natural rhythm when speaking English, but if you
speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you.
8. Try to relax when you speak you'll find your mouth does most of the pronunciation work for
you. When you speak English at normal speed, you'll discover that many of the pronunciation
skills, such as linking between words, will happen automatically.
9. Remember, when speaking English Try to become less hesitant and more confident. Don’t be
shy to speak the more you do it, the more confident you'll become. Remember to be polite use
"please" and "thank you" if you ask someone to do something for you.
Conclusion:
Unlike a written text where we can re-read information, a speaker has to speak the word. These
words can’t be removed. There is no opportunity for listeners to recapture the words once they
have been said. To maintain listener’s attention, speech needs to be well planned.
While speaking consider these:
Happy is the hearing man; unhappy the speaking man.
The difference between a smart man and a wise man is that a smart man knows what to say,
and a wise man knows whether or not to say it.
Speak well and live well.