Hina Amir's presentation discusses various types of cloning including reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, DNA cloning, and replacement cloning. The document outlines both the benefits and risks of cloning. It notes cloning carries high risks of abnormalities, health issues, and legal/ethical concerns. Cloning could also lead to a lack of genetic diversity, extinction, and views humans as products rather than individuals.

1. PRESENTED BY:
HINA AMIR

2. CLONING
 Cloning ….. process of genetically creating
an identical copy of an organism

3. Reproductive Cloning
Organism with same DNA as that of donor
Therapeutic Cloning
Developing embryo for stem cells
DNA Cloning
DNA is replicated using viruses
Replacement Cloning
Combination of reproductive and therapeutic cloning for
body part replacement

4. The cloning debate has also been reinforced with
ethical, religious, scientific, moral, medical issues

5. Carries a high risk of abnormality in the resulting child.
Put both the cell donor and the birth mother at risk.
High failure rate( Dolly: 1 out of 276 attempts ).
Telomere length, result in short life span.
Often have large organs during their birth. "Large
Offspring Syndrome

6. Medical issues
•Health risks from mutated genes
•Lung problems
•Heart defects
•Neurological disorders
•Unstable immune system
Possible miscarriage or still birth

7. Legal issues
Difficulties of enforcing laws:
 Criminal identity
Property problem of donor and clones
Kinship of offspring

8. • Genetically identical with another person
• Feeling of less uniqueness
• The most accurate human identity diagnosis will
fail (e.g. DNA profile, fingerprints)
• Psychological: Growing up knowing yourself to
be a genetic copy of someone

9. Cloning could lead to extinction
 If every one has the same type of genes there is a risk of
getting infected by the same type of pathogen.
• lack of diversity amongst the human population. The
natural process of evolution will be halted,
 If clones were manufactured to be perfect, would all
imperfect real-humans become the minority
 lead to an overpopulated planet ..less resources.. More
death.

10. Cloning ……. involves throwing away some fertilized embryos
Doctors might use clones as sources for organs for organ
transplants
Clone will be treated as property which can be sold to anybody else.
Human trade will rise when average people can make good money
supplying babies.
human being should be a product (like packets of soup from a
factory), or a tool (produced in a workshop)
selling humans is unethical, inhumane and immoral.

11. “sowing the seeds of our own
destruction.”