1. The document discusses various components and strategies of reading including phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension, and pre-reading, while-reading, and post-reading strategies. 2. It describes different types of reading like scanning, skimming, light reading, word-by-word study, and study reading. 3. Barriers to reading comprehension are discussed such as inability to understand words, sentences, or how information fits together cohesively as well as lack of interest.

2. Reading Skills
presented By:
Muhammad Hashim

3. What is reading?
"Reading" is the process of looking at a series of written
symbols and getting meaning from them.
• Reading is the third of the four language skills, which
are :
• Listening
• Speaking
• Reading
• Writing

5. Component
s of reading: phonics
phonemic
awareness
vocabulary fluency
reading
Comprehension

6. Phonics: o Phonics is one of the primary building blocks of
reading.
o Its is the connection between sounds and letter
symbols.
o Without phonics, words are simply a bunch of
squiggles and lines on a page.

7. Phonemic
awareness:
 a subset of phonological awareness.
 Phonemic awareness is the only aspect of reading that
is essential for children to develop before they can
begin learning to read.
• Difference between phonemic awareness and phonics?
• Though there is a distinction between phonological
awareness and phonemic awareness the two terms are
often used interchangeably. For the most part both are
used to refer to what is technically phonological
awareness.

8. Vocabulary:  In order to read words we must first know them.
 Suppose you are reading a passage but you are un
familiar the words that’s used in that paragraph.
 There are two primary ways of teaching and learning
new vocabulary words.
i. Explicit instruction.
ii. Context clues.
Explicit instruction:This involves someone telling you
how a word is pronounced and what its meaning is.
Context clues : Context clues are the “hints” contained in
a text that help a reader figure out the meaning of an
unfamiliar word.

9. Fluency:  Fluency is a reader’s ability to read with speed,
accuracy and expression.
 Thus it requires him to combine and use multiple
reading skills at the same time.
 A reader must be able to move quickly enough through
a text to develop meaning.
 If he is bogged down reading each individual word, he
is not able to create an overall picture in his mind of
what the text is saying.

10. Reading
Comprehension:
 Reading comprehension is understanding what a
text is all about.
 Reading comprehension is the most complex aspect
of reading.
 It not only involves all of the other four aspects of
reading, it also requires the reader to draw upon
general thinking skills.
 When a reader is actively engaged with a text, he or
she is asking and answering questions about the
story and summarizing what he or she has read.

11. Importance
of reading:
• Reading playing an important role in today's society.There
are many adults who cannot read well enough to understand
the instructions on a medicine bottle.
• Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job. Many well-
paying jobs require reading as a part of job performance.
• There is an old saying, "The pen is mightier than the sword."
Ideas written down have changed the destiny of men and
nations for better or worse.
• Reading is fundamental in developing a good self image.
Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of
themselves and their abilities.

12. Purpose of
reading:
When reading any text, you will be expected to
• Understand the main idea in a passage, understand the
gist of it
• pick out specific, individual pieces of information from
a text
• understand ideas or feelings a writer presents in a text
• identify and understand writer's attitudes, beliefs and
argument

13. Types of
Reading:
light
scanning
Word by
word
study
skimming

14. Scanning: • Scanning is a technique used when a person tries to
find a specific item such as a telephone number, a date,
a time, etc.
• For example, scanning a telephone book:
• You are looking for it quickly.
• You know what you are searching for (key words and
names).
• you ignore anything you are not looking for

15. Skimming: • When people wish to find only important ideas and not
all the details, they often skim a text.This involves
different strategies; for example, when a person skims
a newspaper article, he/she reads the headline, the
opening lead line, the first paragraph which contains an
overview of information.
• Skimming provides an 'overview' of the text. Skimming
is useful to look at chapter/section headings,
summaries and opening paragraphs.

16. Light: • Reading for relaxation tends to be 'light'. For example
novel reading, poetry reading, newspaper reading etc.
• Read at a pace which feels comfortable.
• Read with understand.
• Skim the boring, irrelevant passages.

17. Word by
word:
• This type of reading is time consuming and demands a
high level of concentration because of word by word
reading is includes.
• People use this type of reading for unfamiliar words
and concepts, scientific formulae because there is no
room for mistake of any one word.

18. Study: • In this type of reading the aim is to understand the
material in some depth.The method involves five
simple steps, Survey, Question, Read, Recall and
Review. Its basically called technique SQ3r..
• Survey: skim through to gain an overview and not key
points.
• Question: devise questions you hope the text will
answer.
• Read: slowly and carefully.
• Recall: from memory, write down the main points
made by the chapter.
• Review: revisit your questions - compare these to your
recall and establish how well the text has answered
them; fill in any gaps by further reading and note-
taking.

19. There are
threof
reading
strategies:
1 • Pre reading
2
• While reading
3
• Post reading

20. Pre reading: • In order to understand a text.
• With out looking on every single word.
• Its able to build confidence and create security to
learners.
 It includes some point.
 Set a focus : so that why we read text.
 Preview : formulate the theory about context.
 Make predications : getting information on own
personal experience.

21. during-
reading :-
• The reading activities of while-reading stage helps to:
• Encourage critical thinking of student.
• Increase attention of the students.
 Stages that’s include in during reading:
 Read silently.
 Re read
 Read loudly
 Analyze
 guess

22. Post
reading:-
• To check the students’ understanding and retention of
the information of a text that they have already
attempted, teachers should employ the last stage-the
post-reading stage.
• It includes some stages like:
• Seek feedback: Seek out the feedback of what had you read.
• Interpret text: Interpret/explain the meaning and purpose of text you read.
• Reading logs: Reading logs can range from simply recording what was read, to
encouraging more in depth explorations of the reading material
• Note-taking: keeping a record of performance in an area you want to improve
is a good idea.

23. Reasons why students
don`t understand text
reading:-
• - Students hate to read, they only read the required
textbook in order to be able to set for the achievement
routine exams.
• - Students lacked motivation to read, even if they read,
they show negative attitudes.
• - For most of the learners, reading is an extremely
difficult task that requires integrated body of skills.

24. Barriers to
reading:
• The main reason for poor reading comprehension
are:
• Inability to understand a word;
• Inability to understand a sentence;
• Inability to understand how sentences relate to one
another;
• Inability to understand how the information fits
together in a meaningful way.
• Lack of interest or concentration.

25. Improving Reading
skills.
• Reading a different variety of materials. Do not limit
yourself to textbook.
• make reading a more active process.
• promote critical thinking evaluation of reading
materials.
• enhance registration and recall of text information in
one’s memory.