What is speaking? • Speaking is the second of the four language skills, which are listening, speaking, reading and writing. • It involves talking or giving speeches Informative Speeches • In an informative speech, a speaker communicates knowledge about a specific topic to an audience. • A speaker should possess a thorough knowledge of the subject about which they are speaking in their informative speech. • Informative speeches can be about objects, events, processes, or concepts. • The more specific and focused your topic, the easier it is for you as a researcher and speech writer (and for your audience) to understand your topic. Persuasive Speeches • In a persuasive speech, a speaker attempts to persuade the audience to adopt his/her position in relation to a topic. Keypoints to remember:  A persuasive speech intends to persuade the audience to adopt the position of the speaker  Know your audience  A speaker gives a persuasive speech to convince the audience to take on his/her position regarding a certain topic. A persuasive speech might contain a call to action, whereby the speaker attempts to persuade members of the audience to perform a certain action, or to convince the audience to adopt a specific point of view on a certain topic. Persuasive speeches commonly contain lots of pathos. • Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of the audience. • Political speeches are examples of persuasive speeches heavy with pathos. By appealing to emotions through references to "freedom" or "patriotism," politicians seek to gain the audience's vote. • Empathize with the audience to demonstrate that you are like them - that you understand how they feel and what they think. Special Occasion Speeches • Some special occasions require speeches which will be different than a speech that intends to inform or persuade an audience. • Special occasion speeches tend to be shorter speeches, commonly less than ten minutes • Special occasion speeches are commonly addressed to a particular audience. • Depending on the context, special occasion speeches can be funny or sad. • Special occasion speeches are usually shorter than informative or persuasive speeches. Special occasion speeches are usually less than ten minutes long, which demonstrates that their purpose is different than other types of speeches delivered at a conference or political rally. Depending on the context, the purpose of a special occasion speech may be to remember, to praise or to humorously tease. They may contain a use of pathos that aims to convince the audience to be happy, possibly by being comedic. However, they may use a pathos intended to make the audience reflective, as in a speech given at a memorial service.

1. JENNIFER V. SACULLES
LECTURER
GRADUATE STUDIES, MASTER IN EDUCATION,
MAJOR IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY NORTH PHILIPPINES
URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

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3. • IN AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH, A SPEAKER COMMUNICATES
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT A SPECIFIC TOPIC TO AN AUDIENCE.
• A SPEAKER SHOULD POSSESS A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE
SUBJECT ABOUT WHICH THEY ARE SPEAKING IN THEIR
INFORMATIVE SPEECH.
• INFORMATIVE SPEECHES CAN BE ABOUT OBJECTS, EVENTS,
PROCESSES, OR CONCEPTS.
• THE MORE SPECIFIC AND FOCUSED YOUR TOPIC, THE EASIER IT IS
FOR YOU AS A RESEARCHER AND SPEECH WRITER (AND FOR YOUR
AUDIENCE) TO UNDERSTAND YOUR TOPIC.

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5.  PERSUASIVE SPEECH PERSUADE
AUDIENCE
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 PERSUASIVE SPEECH

6. PERSUASIVE SPEECHES COMMONLY
CONTAIN LOTS OF PATHOS.
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AUDIENCE
• CONTEXT

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INFORMATIVE PERSUASIVE