SMART MATERIAL IN HIGH POWER TRANSMISSION LINES(HVDC & HVAC)
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This document discusses using smart materials to enhance electrical power transmission capacity and systems. It begins with an introduction to power systems and transmission lines. It then discusses Chhattisgarh, India's increasing energy demand and why HVDC transmission is preferable. Smart materials are introduced as materials that change physical properties in response to stimuli. Examples like piezoelectric ceramics and shape memory alloys are provided. Advantages of smart materials include high energy density and cost reduction, while limitations include cost and availability. The conclusion discusses how understanding smart materials can enhance reliability and efficiency.
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This document discusses smart materials and their applications in engineering. It begins by defining smart materials as materials that can change their mechanical properties or geometry in response to external stimuli like magnetic fields, temperature, or electricity. Examples provided include magnetorheological fluids, shape memory alloys, and piezoelectric materials. The document then explores various uses of smart materials in vibration damping, shape control, noise reduction, sensing, and more. It provides classifications of smart structures and delves into specific examples like MR fluids, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and IPMCs. In the end, it assigns homework for students to research and present on two chosen smart materials.
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The document discusses smart materials and their applications in engineering. It defines smart materials as materials that can change their mechanical properties in response to external stimuli like magnetic fields, temperature, or electric currents. Some examples of smart materials mentioned are magnetorheological fluids, shape memory alloys, and piezoelectric materials. The document then provides more details on how these different smart materials work and examples of their applications, such as using shape memory alloys in medical implants or generating electricity with piezoelectric materials.
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Smart materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly altered in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
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getting worse in recent years. Hence, utilizing addition devices to maintain and mitigate the oscillatory
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installing one of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices called solid phase shifter (SPS) and
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system with SPS and CES, the eigenvalue and damping ratio analysis are used. Time domain simulation
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without increasing power to the grid. From the simulation, it is found that SPS and CES can mitigate lowfrequency
oscillation on power system indicated by highest damping, smallest overshoot, and fastest
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Smart materials
This document provides an introduction to smart materials, which are materials that can respond and adapt to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or electric/magnetic fields. It discusses the properties and classification of smart materials, including piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, rheological, thermoresponsive, and electrochromic materials. Examples applications described include aircraft, orthopedic surgery, robotics, sporting goods, and smart glass. The document concludes that understanding and controlling the composition and microstructure of smart materials is crucial to producing materials that can enhance quality of life.
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getting worse in recent years. Hence, utilizing addition devices to maintain and mitigate the oscillatory
condition of power system is crucial. This paper proposed a method to mitigate power system oscillation by
installing one of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices called solid phase shifter (SPS) and
energy storage devices called capacitor energy storage (CES). To analyze the performance of power
system with SPS and CES, the eigenvalue and damping ratio analysis are used. Time domain simulation
is also investigated to analyze the dynamic behaviors of power system considering SPS and CES.
Furthermore, increasing number of load demand is carried out to analyze how much load can be increased
without increasing power to the grid. From the simulation, it is found that SPS and CES can mitigate lowfrequency
oscillation on power system indicated by highest damping, smallest overshoot, and fastest
settling time. It is also found that load demand can be increased significantly when SPS and CES installed
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Smart materials” are materials that change significantly one or more of their properties, such as shape, color, or size in response to externally applied stimuli, such as stress, light, temperature, moisture or pH, and electric or magnetic fields.
Smart materials
This document provides an introduction to smart materials, which are materials that can respond and adapt to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or electric/magnetic fields. It discusses the properties and classification of smart materials, including piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, rheological, thermoresponsive, and electrochromic materials. Examples applications described include aircraft, orthopedic surgery, robotics, sporting goods, and smart glass. The document concludes that understanding and controlling the composition and microstructure of smart materials is crucial to producing materials that can enhance quality of life.
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Smart materials (actuator)
The document discusses smart materials and actuators, outlining different types of actuators including pneumatic, hydraulic, shape memory alloys, and piezoelectric actuators. It examines various actuator materials like shape memory alloys, magnetostrictive materials, and piezoelectric ceramics and polymers. Factors to consider for actuator materials include actuation voltage, speed, force, energy storage, resistance to fracture and various mechanical properties.
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This document discusses smart materials, which are materials that can significantly change one or more properties in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture, or electric/magnetic fields. It covers major types of smart materials like piezoelectric, shape memory alloys, and magnetostrictive materials. Examples of applications are given, like smart glass, medical uses, and reducing vibration. Both advantages, like high energy density, and disadvantages, like potential environmental issues, are summarized.
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The document is a seminar report on smart materials submitted for a master's degree. It defines smart materials as materials that can change properties in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, or electric/magnetic fields. The report discusses various types of smart materials like piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, and magnetorheological fluids. It provides examples of their properties and applications in fields like civil engineering and automobiles. In conclusion, the report examines smart materials' advantages in reducing costs and improving performance, as well as limitations like expense and sensitivity during use.
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Smart materials are materials that respond to environmental stimuli like temperature, moisture, pH or electric and magnetic fields. They have properties like self-detection, self-diagnosis, self-correction, and self-healing. A smart system has components like data acquisition sensors, data transmission, a command and control unit like a brain, data instructions to transmit decisions, and action devices like muscles. Smart materials can be classified as piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, shape memory alloys, and optical fibers. Eco-friendly materials cause minimum damage to the environment from raw materials to the final product, require minimum energy to manufacture, and are recyclable and reusable using locally available materials.
Smart materials
This document discusses smart materials, which are materials that can significantly change one or more properties in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, electric or magnetic fields in a controlled way. It classifies different types of smart materials like piezoelectric, shape memory alloys, thermochromic and discusses their input-output behavior and applications. Some key smart materials discussed are piezoelectric quartz, shape memory alloys used in aircraft and orthopedics, thermochromic inks and papers, photochromic lenses and electrochromic smart glass. The document concludes that smart materials react to their environment and can reversibly change properties, offering properties tunable at different scales with wide applications.
Smart materials
Introduction,,, Major Types,,, Examples,,, Applications and Advantages and Dis-Advantages of Smart Materials...
2013 12-05-sirris-materials-workshop-smart-composites-luyckx-kinet
Sirris Materials Workshop - 5 december 2013 -
Monitoring composite structures with fibre optic sensors -
Geert Luyckx, UGent and Damien Kinet, Multitel
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Charlotte Lelieveld - Smart Material Systems for Architectural Applications
Charlotte Lelieveld - Smart Material Systems for Architectural Applications
Coordination of SPS and CES to Mitigate Oscillatory Condition on Power Systems
Coordination of SPS and CES to Mitigate Oscillatory Condition on Power Systems
Unit II smart materials and eco-friendly materials by BeST
Unit II smart materials and eco-friendly materials by BeST
2013 12-05-sirris-materials-workshop-smart-composites-luyckx-kinet
2013 12-05-sirris-materials-workshop-smart-composites-luyckx-kinet
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It also explain about the advantages, construction and features of GIL (Gas Insulated Transmission Lines) by highlighting its future scope as well.
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HVDC systems have several benefits over traditional AC systems for long distance power transmission. HVDC allows for more efficient transmission by requiring fewer conductors and towers. It also reduces line losses, as reactive power losses are eliminated. HVDC transmission is more environmentally friendly due to lower electric and magnetic fields that do not vary over time. Radio interference is also reduced compared to AC systems. These technological and economic advantages make HVDC transmission preferable over long distances.
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HVDC transmission has advantages over long distance HVAC transmission. The first HVDC link was set up between Sweden and Gotland in 1954 using mercury arc valves. Since then HVDC technology has advanced with the development of thyristors. HVDC systems use converter stations with transformers at each end to convert between AC and DC and allow bidirectional power flow by changing the firing angle of the thyristors. They have benefits like reduced transmission losses, improved voltage profile and increased transmission capacity.
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1. Creep testing involves applying a constant load to a material sample at high temperature and measuring deformation over time to evaluate materials performance. Fatigue testing subjects samples to repeated stresses to determine fatigue strength.
2. Stress-strain curves relate the stress and strain experienced by materials. They contain useful data like proportional limit, elastic limit, yield point, ultimate strength, and ductile vs. brittle fracture behavior.
3. True stress-strain curves account for changes in cross-sectional area during testing, providing a more accurate representation of material behavior, though engineering stress-strain curves are sufficient for most design
Aircraft materials lecture 1
This document provides an overview of the mechanical properties of engineering materials as presented in a lecture. It defines key terms like elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, hardness, toughness, stiffness, resilience, endurance, strength, and creep. For each property, examples are given of the types of materials that exhibit that property. The goal of the lecture is to help students understand the behavior and suitability of different materials for engineering applications by learning about their mechanical characteristics.
Thermal and mechanical stress modelling of smart power switches under active ...
Smart power switches (SPS) for industrial and automotive applications have to withstand substantial power dissipation during operation. They are expected to work even under extreme temperature and electrical stresses, such as transient start up or overload. Several thousands of cyclic loading of electric pulses might cause failure to this SPS device. The reason behind this failure is that the electrical pulses induce thermal stress, which in turn leads to mechanical stress. Due to the multi-material design of SPS, the thermal stress often induces tractions at the material interfaces. These tractions might initiate cracks and delamination, which can lead to a device failure due to loss of electrical contact. If a crack is not nucleated, the device may fail due to overheating. Therefore, thermal and mechanical stress plays a crucial role to determine the device failure and thereby the lifetime modelling of the device. Finite Element simulation is used to analyse heat transfer and mechanical problems in SPS.
ANSYS is the FEM simulation tool which is used to perform the electrical, thermal and mechanical simulations. Electro-Thermal simulation is initially carried out in a 3D model of the SPS for various electrical pulses and as a result, the thermal stress in the model is analysed. Thermo-Mechanical chip simulation is performed with the thermal stress as loading conditions and the mechanical stress across the model is analysed. Microscopic stress simulation of the SPS sub- model is performed to analyse the stress in power metal. The electrical, thermal and the mechanical problem are solved using the FEM method in ANSYS.
Composite_Material_on_Aircraft_atructure
This document provides a review of composites used on aircraft structures conducted by 5 group members. It discusses how composites were first used after WWII and how their use has increased on modern aircraft. Composites offer benefits like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good fatigue properties compared to metals. However, their initial high costs and other limitations hindered early adoption. Now, continued materials development and manufacturing improvements have given composites more advantages over metals in aircraft design. The document examines composites applications on primary aircraft structures and components as well as their material properties. It also reviews advantages like durability and joining methods while noting disadvantages such as repair complexity.
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SMART MATERIAL IN HIGH POWER TRANSMISSION LINES(HVDC & HVAC)
- 1. Enhancement of Electrical power transmission capacity & power delivery system by SMART MATERIALS PRESENTED BY:- KUMAR GOSWAMI M.TECH(POWER ELECTX) 2nd SEMESTER MATS UNIVERSITY
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction about Power System Electric Power Transmission Line Energy Demand in Chhattisgarh Grid Why choose HVDC transmission? What is Smart material? Properties of Smart Materials Type & Example of Smart materials Advantages & Limitation of Smart Materials Conclusion
- 4. Electrical Power Transmission Line • High Voltage AC Power Lines(HVAC) • High voltage DC Power Lines(HVDC) HVAC TRANSMISSION LINE HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE
- 5. Cost v/s Transmission Distance in Power Lines
- 6. ENERGY DEMAND IN CHHATTISGARH GRID Installed Capacity (MW) State Sector Gen. Stations (MW) Central Sector Share (MW) Total July/14 2418.7 1190.92 3609.6 July/13 1918.7 1128.38 3047.08 % Increase 26.06% 5.54% 18.46% Energy Requirement Total Supply July/14 1750.72 1706.16 July/13 1613.81 1602.08 % Increase 8.48% 6.50% Energy Requirement & Installed Capacity of SGS & Share from Central sector
- 7. •Endpoint To Endpoint Long Haul Bulk Power Transmission Without Intermediate Tap. •Reducing Line Cost. Since HVDC Transmission Requires Fewer Conductor. •Increased Stability of Power System •Reducing Losses(Corona loss, Skin effect) •Lower Investment Cost because NO REACTIVE LOSS. • Increasing the capacity of an existing power grid in situations where additional wires are difficult or expensive to install. Why choose HVDC
- 8. WHAT IS SMART MATERIALS SMART MATERIALS Smart material are those materials that posses the ability to change their physical properties in a specific manner in response to specific stimulus input. Stimuli could be pressure, temperature, electric & magnetic field, chemicals, nuclear radiation etc. The associated changeable physical property could be shape, stiffness, viscosity, damping etc.
- 9. PROPERTIES OF SMART MATERIALS • Sensing materials and devices • Actuation materials and devices • Control devices and techniques • Self-detection, self-diagnostic • Self-corrective, self-controlled, self-healing • Shock-absorbers, damage arrest
- 10. TYPE & EXAMPLE OF SMART . MATERIAL Piezo-electric polymer and ceramic(silk, DNA, ZnO etc) Electro-rheological(ER) fluid(mixing cornflour in a light vegetable oil or (better) silicone oil etc.) Magneto-strictive materials(cobalt ,terfenol D etc) Shape memory alloy (SMAs) (copper-aluminium-nickel & nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy etc) Fiber optics.
- 11. PICTURES OF SMART MATERIALS Nitinol alloy Piezoelectric film, PVDF Terfenol Material Piezoceramic, PZT
- 12. High energy density. Excellent bandwidth. Smart materials have better durability and reliability. Smart materials reduces the production cost. Smart materials reduces the weight of component used in the mechanical & electrical industries. Smart materials are gives excellent results in Electrical Technology & Communication Technology. Smart materials get smarter with ability to better control of shape & size. ADVANTAGES OF SMART MATERIALS
- 13. LIMITATIONS OF SMART MATERIALS Smart materials are very expensive. They are not easily available in market. They are very sensible so they need proper care while storage it. Smart materials needs proper skill to recognize it among other materials.
- 14. Conclusion Today, the most promising technologies for lifetime efficiency and improved reliability include the use of smart materials and structures. Understanding and controlling the composition and microstructure of any new materials are the ultimate objectives of research in this field, and is crucial to the production of good smart materials. New and advanced materials will definitively enhance our quality of our life.