The document discusses smart materials, defined as substances that can change their properties in response to external stimuli such as temperature or pressure. It outlines various types of smart materials, including piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and shape memory alloys, along with their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key applications highlighted include thermochromic products and photochromic lenses, while concerns about environmental impact and production costs are also mentioned.

2. Group Members
 Habib ur Rehman (2012-IM-117)
 M Abu Bakar (2012-IM-126)
 Haseeb ur Rehman (2012-IM-109)
Rachna College of Engineering and
Technology, Gujranwala

3. Smart Materials
If you want to build the future, you need to
understand smart materials

4. Contents
 What are smart materials???
 Types
 Examples
 Applications
 Advantages and Dis-advantages

5. What are Smart
Materials???

6. What are Smart Materials???
 Smart materials have a fairly vague definition, which
points to any material that exhibits smart behaviors.
 Smart behavior occurs when a material can sense some
stimulus from its environment and react to it in a useful,
reliable, reproducible and usually reversible manner.

7. Definition
Smart materials are designed materials that have one or
more properties that can be significantly changed in a
controlled fashion by external stimuli, such
as stress, temperature, moisture,
pH, electric or magnetic fields.

8. Smart materials
 Smart materials have properties that react to changes in
their environment.
 This means that one of their properties can be changed by
an external condition, such as temperature, light,
pressure or electricity.
 This change is reversible and can be repeated many times.
 They are often also called “responsive” or “intelligent”
materials.

9. A smart fluid developed in labs at the Michigan Institute of
Technology

11. Major Types

12. Major Types
 Piezoelectric
 Electrostrictive
 Magnetostrictive
 Shape memory alloys
 Magnetocaloric

13. Piezoelectric
 When subjected to an electric charge or a variation
in voltage, piezoelectric material will undergo some
mechanical changes.
 The best known example is electric cigarette lighter.

14. Electrostrictive
 This material has the same properties as
piezoelectric material, but the mechanical
change is proportional to the square of the
electric field.
 Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) and its doped
derivatives are classical electrostrictive materials.

15. Magnetostrictive
 When subjected to a magnetic field, this
material will undergo an induced mechanical
change.
 Consequently, it can be used as sensors.

16. Shape Memory Alloys
 When subjected to a thermal field, this material will
undergo phase change which will produce shape
changes.
 These are used in aircrafts, piping, automotives,
telecommunication, robotics and in medicines as well.

17. Magnetocaloric materials
 Magnetocaloric materials are compounds that undergo a
reversible change in temperature upon exposure to a
changing magnetic field.
 These materials have applications in refrigeration.

18. Examples

19. Examples
 Smart Colors
1. Thermo Chromic
2. Photo Chromic
 Polymorph
 Smart Grease
 Conductive Polymers
 Nanomaterials

20. Examples
 Treated Paper
 Thermo color Sheet
 Precious Metal Clay (PMC)
 Paper foam
 Footwear
 Etc.

21. Applications

22. Thermochromism
 Thermochromismis the property of substances to
change color due to a change in temperature.
 Smart materials are used in all types of thermochromatic
liquid crystals, leuco dyes, thermochromic papers,
thermochromic polymers and thermochromic inks.

24. Photochromic Lens
 Smart materials are also used in photochromic lens.
 Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on exposure to
specific types of light, most commonly ultraviolet
(UV) radiation.
 Once the light source is removed (for example by walking
indoors), the lenses will gradually return to their clear
state.

25. Shape-Memory Polymers
 Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart
materials that have the ability to return from a deformed
state (temporary shape) to their original (permanent)
shape induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as
temperature change.

26. Advantages and
Dis-Advantages

27. Advantages of Smart
Materials
 High energy density (compared to pneumatic and
hydraulic actuators)
 Excellent bandwidth
 Simplified packaging
 Novel functions such as the huge volume change as a
function of temperature exhibited by smart gels.

28. Disadvantages of Smart
Materials
 Dropping people out of the labor
 Not biodegradable
 Environmental pollution
 Expensive to produce
 Long term effects unknown
 Global crisis