SMART Materials

Biswajit Acharya
M.Tech ,1st Year
Roll: 0892010
AEIE
Heritage Institute of Technology 1

OUTLINE….
Classification & Comparison Between Materials;
Smart Materials- Introduction;
Classification of Smart Materials;
Different Types of Smart Materials;
Their Applications;
Conclusion;
References….
2

TYPES OF MATERIALS
Wood Metals
SMART MATERIALS
3

COMPARISON BETWEEN MATERIALS
Material Conduc-
tivity
Stren-
gth
Hard-
ness
Tough-
ness
Weight Corrosi-
on
Resista-
nce
Cost
Pine Very poor
Medium/
low
Low Low
Low/
medium
Poor Low
MDF Very poor Low Low Low
Low/
medium
Poor Low
Low-
Carbon
Steel
Very good
Very
good
Good
Very
good
High Poor Low
Stainless
Steel
Very good
Ex-
cellent
Very
good
Very
good
High Good High
HIPS Very poor Medium Low Good Low
Very
good
Low
Acrylic Very poor Medium
Low/
medium
Good Low Good Medium
SMA Very good
Very
good
Good
Very
good
Medium Good High
SMART MATERIALS
4
Courtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize

SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or
more of their inherent properties owing to the application of an
external stimuli in a controlled fashion.
The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are
sensitive are :
Stress;
Temperature;
Moisture;
pH;
Electric Fields;
Magnetic Fields……
SMART MATERIALS
5

SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
S
M
A
R
T
RESULT-ORIENTED
SIGNIFICANT
MEASURABLE
APPROPRIATE
TIME-ORIENTED
SMART MATERIALS
6

CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
Type of SMART
Material
Input Output
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference
Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference
Shape Memory Alloys Temperature Deformation
Photochromic Radiation Color Change
Thermochromics Temperature Color Change
SMART MATERIALS
7

PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS…
Materials Used: Quartz,
Rochelle Salt, Topaz, Bismuth
Ferrite.
The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect
SMART MATERIALS
8

ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
If a dielectric material is
subjected to an electric field,
then it experiences a strain
which is proportional to the
strength of the electric field.
Eg: Lead Lanthanum
Zirconate Titanate
(PLZT).
Lead Magnesium
Niobate (PMN).
SMART MATERIALS
9

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
Application of a magnetic field to
a ferromagnetic material
causes it to change its shape.
This change in shape is
proportional to the strength of
the field applied.
Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D.
SMART MATERIALS
10

THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
These materials, when subjected
to any temperature difference,
produces proportional voltage
output. The reverse effect is
also true.
Thermoelectric effect generally
comprise of:
Seebeck Effect;
Peltier Effect;
Thomson Effect.
SMART MATERIALS
11

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Shape Memory Alloys are metal
alloys which can undergo
solid-to-solid phase
transformation and can recover
completely when heated to a
specific temperature.
These materials has two phases:
Austenite- high temperature
phase;
Martensite- low temperature
phase.
SMART MATERIALS
12

MARTENSITE TO AUSTENITE
TRANSFORMATION
SMART MATERIALS
13

SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT-AN EXAMPLE
SMART MATERIALS
14

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Materials commonly used are:
 Cu-Al-Ni;
 Fe-Mn-Si;
 Cu-Zn-Al;
 Ni-Ti.
Major Applications:
 Aircraft;
 Orthopedic Surgery;
 Dental Braces;
 Robotics.
SMART MATERIALS
15

CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
SMART MATERIALS
16

THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Materials which changes color with changes in temperature.
General materials used are:
 V2O5 ,
 Cholesteryl nonanoate,
 1,2,3-triazole,
 Octadecylphosphonic acid.
General applications:
 Inks;
 Dyes;
 Papers;
 Plastics.
SMART MATERIALS
17

RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
Cold Cold Hot Hot
SMART MATERIALS
18

PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of
light.
Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light.
General Materials used are:
 Azobenzene;
 Diarylethene;
 Spiropyran;
 Silver Chloride.
SMART MATERIALS
19

PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Major Applications:
 Lenses;
 Supramolecular chemistry;
 Dyes;
 Paints;
 Cosmetics;
 Clothing.
SMART MATERIALS
20

ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
These materials change their optical behavior with application of
electrical voltage.
Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of light they
allow to pass through them.
Transparent and looks
like ordinary glass
Application of small voltage
turns it opaque
(blueish and dark)
SMART MATERIALS
21

ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
General materials used are:
 WO3;
 NiO;
 TiO2;
 Polyaniline;
 Polythiophene.
Major applications:
 Smart Glass;
 Light-transmissive
devices for optical
information and storage;
 Rear-view mirrors;
 Protective eyewear.
SMART MATERIALS
22

APPLICATIONS
 Smart Fabric;
 Smart Aircraft;
 Sporting Goods;
 Smart Dust;
 Reducing vibration of
helicopter blades;
 Robotics;
 Medical Surgeries;
 Security;
 And many
others…………………
SMART MATERIALS
23

CONCLUSION
The research and development of smart materials has been an
astounding boost to the technical sphere. As time will pass by,
these materials will be more known of and be more
extensively used to meet even the minute needs of the
society.
SMART MATERIALS
24

REFERENCES
Smart Materials and Smart Systems for the future-Georges
Akhras.
New Organic Electrochromic Materials and their Applications-
J Zmija, M.J Malachowski.
BBC-GCSE Bitesize.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/
materialsrev2.shtml
Canadian Military Journal, Autumn 2000.
Buckley, S., “Automation Sensing Mimics Organisms”.
http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/wtwu/Research.html
http://www.osakagu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ/eforum/
e2008Forum/eETRIATFC2008Rep/eETRIATFC2008TNRep.ht
ml
Wiki…..
SMART MATERIALS
25

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