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Biswajit Acharya
M.Tech ,1st Year
Roll: 0892010
AEIE
Heritage Institute of Technology 1
OUTLINE….
Classification & Comparison Between Materials;
Smart Materials- Introduction;
Classification of Smart Materials;
Different Types of Smart Materials;
Their Applications;
Conclusion;
References….
2
TYPES OF MATERIALS
Wood Metals
SMART MATERIALS
3
COMPARISON BETWEEN MATERIALS
Material Conduc-
tivity
Stren-
gth
Hard-
ness
Tough-
ness
Weight Corrosi-
on
Resista-
nce
Cost
Pine Very poor
Medium/
low
Low Low
Low/
medium
Poor Low
MDF Very poor Low Low Low
Low/
medium
Poor Low
Low-
Carbon
Steel
Very good
Very
good
Good
Very
good
High Poor Low
Stainless
Steel
Very good
Ex-
cellent
Very
good
Very
good
High Good High
HIPS Very poor Medium Low Good Low
Very
good
Low
Acrylic Very poor Medium
Low/
medium
Good Low Good Medium
SMA Very good
Very
good
Good
Very
good
Medium Good High
SMART MATERIALS
4
Courtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize
SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or
more of their inherent properties owing to the application of an
external stimuli in a controlled fashion.
The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are
sensitive are :
Stress;
Temperature;
Moisture;
pH;
Electric Fields;
Magnetic Fields……
SMART MATERIALS
5
SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
S
M
A
R
T
RESULT-ORIENTED
SIGNIFICANT
MEASURABLE
APPROPRIATE
TIME-ORIENTED
SMART MATERIALS
6
CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
Type of SMART
Material
Input Output
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference
Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference
Shape Memory Alloys Temperature Deformation
Photochromic Radiation Color Change
Thermochromics Temperature Color Change
SMART MATERIALS
7
PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS…
Materials Used: Quartz,
Rochelle Salt, Topaz, Bismuth
Ferrite.
The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect
SMART MATERIALS
8
ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
If a dielectric material is
subjected to an electric field,
then it experiences a strain
which is proportional to the
strength of the electric field.
Eg: Lead Lanthanum
Zirconate Titanate
(PLZT).
Lead Magnesium
Niobate (PMN).
SMART MATERIALS
9
MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
Application of a magnetic field to
a ferromagnetic material
causes it to change its shape.
This change in shape is
proportional to the strength of
the field applied.
Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D.
SMART MATERIALS
10
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
These materials, when subjected
to any temperature difference,
produces proportional voltage
output. The reverse effect is
also true.
Thermoelectric effect generally
comprise of:
Seebeck Effect;
Peltier Effect;
Thomson Effect.
SMART MATERIALS
11
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Shape Memory Alloys are metal
alloys which can undergo
solid-to-solid phase
transformation and can recover
completely when heated to a
specific temperature.
These materials has two phases:
Austenite- high temperature
phase;
Martensite- low temperature
phase.
SMART MATERIALS
12
MARTENSITE TO AUSTENITE
TRANSFORMATION
SMART MATERIALS
13
SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT-AN EXAMPLE
SMART MATERIALS
14
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Materials commonly used are:
 Cu-Al-Ni;
 Fe-Mn-Si;
 Cu-Zn-Al;
 Ni-Ti.
Major Applications:
 Aircraft;
 Orthopedic Surgery;
 Dental Braces;
 Robotics.
SMART MATERIALS
15
CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
SMART MATERIALS
16
THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Materials which changes color with changes in temperature.
General materials used are:
 V2O5 ,
 Cholesteryl nonanoate,
 1,2,3-triazole,
 Octadecylphosphonic acid.
General applications:
 Inks;
 Dyes;
 Papers;
 Plastics.
SMART MATERIALS
17
RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
Cold Cold Hot Hot
SMART MATERIALS
18
PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of
light.
Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light.
General Materials used are:
 Azobenzene;
 Diarylethene;
 Spiropyran;
 Silver Chloride.
SMART MATERIALS
19
PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Major Applications:
 Lenses;
 Supramolecular chemistry;
 Dyes;
 Paints;
 Cosmetics;
 Clothing.
SMART MATERIALS
20
ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
These materials change their optical behavior with application of
electrical voltage.
Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of light they
allow to pass through them.
Transparent and looks
like ordinary glass
Application of small voltage
turns it opaque
(blueish and dark)
SMART MATERIALS
21
ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
General materials used are:
 WO3;
 NiO;
 TiO2;
 Polyaniline;
 Polythiophene.
Major applications:
 Smart Glass;
 Light-transmissive
devices for optical
information and storage;
 Rear-view mirrors;
 Protective eyewear.
SMART MATERIALS
22
APPLICATIONS
 Smart Fabric;
 Smart Aircraft;
 Sporting Goods;
 Smart Dust;
 Reducing vibration of
helicopter blades;
 Robotics;
 Medical Surgeries;
 Security;
 And many
others…………………
SMART MATERIALS
23
CONCLUSION
The research and development of smart materials has been an
astounding boost to the technical sphere. As time will pass by,
these materials will be more known of and be more
extensively used to meet even the minute needs of the
society.
SMART MATERIALS
24
REFERENCES
Smart Materials and Smart Systems for the future-Georges
Akhras.
New Organic Electrochromic Materials and their Applications-
J Zmija, M.J Malachowski.
BBC-GCSE Bitesize.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/
materialsrev2.shtml
Canadian Military Journal, Autumn 2000.
Buckley, S., “Automation Sensing Mimics Organisms”.
http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/wtwu/Research.html
http://www.osakagu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ/eforum/
e2008Forum/eETRIATFC2008Rep/eETRIATFC2008TNRep.ht
ml
Wiki…..
SMART MATERIALS
25
SMART MATERIALS
26

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SMART Materials

  • 1. Biswajit Acharya M.Tech ,1st Year Roll: 0892010 AEIE Heritage Institute of Technology 1
  • 2. OUTLINE…. Classification & Comparison Between Materials; Smart Materials- Introduction; Classification of Smart Materials; Different Types of Smart Materials; Their Applications; Conclusion; References…. 2
  • 3. TYPES OF MATERIALS Wood Metals SMART MATERIALS 3
  • 4. COMPARISON BETWEEN MATERIALS Material Conduc- tivity Stren- gth Hard- ness Tough- ness Weight Corrosi- on Resista- nce Cost Pine Very poor Medium/ low Low Low Low/ medium Poor Low MDF Very poor Low Low Low Low/ medium Poor Low Low- Carbon Steel Very good Very good Good Very good High Poor Low Stainless Steel Very good Ex- cellent Very good Very good High Good High HIPS Very poor Medium Low Good Low Very good Low Acrylic Very poor Medium Low/ medium Good Low Good Medium SMA Very good Very good Good Very good Medium Good High SMART MATERIALS 4 Courtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize
  • 5. SMART MATERIALS….!!!! Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or more of their inherent properties owing to the application of an external stimuli in a controlled fashion. The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are sensitive are : Stress; Temperature; Moisture; pH; Electric Fields; Magnetic Fields…… SMART MATERIALS 5
  • 7. CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS Type of SMART Material Input Output Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference Shape Memory Alloys Temperature Deformation Photochromic Radiation Color Change Thermochromics Temperature Color Change SMART MATERIALS 7
  • 8. PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS… Materials Used: Quartz, Rochelle Salt, Topaz, Bismuth Ferrite. The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect SMART MATERIALS 8
  • 9. ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS If a dielectric material is subjected to an electric field, then it experiences a strain which is proportional to the strength of the electric field. Eg: Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT). Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN). SMART MATERIALS 9
  • 10. MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS Application of a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic material causes it to change its shape. This change in shape is proportional to the strength of the field applied. Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D. SMART MATERIALS 10
  • 11. THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS These materials, when subjected to any temperature difference, produces proportional voltage output. The reverse effect is also true. Thermoelectric effect generally comprise of: Seebeck Effect; Peltier Effect; Thomson Effect. SMART MATERIALS 11
  • 12. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Shape Memory Alloys are metal alloys which can undergo solid-to-solid phase transformation and can recover completely when heated to a specific temperature. These materials has two phases: Austenite- high temperature phase; Martensite- low temperature phase. SMART MATERIALS 12
  • 14. SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT-AN EXAMPLE SMART MATERIALS 14
  • 15. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Materials commonly used are:  Cu-Al-Ni;  Fe-Mn-Si;  Cu-Zn-Al;  Ni-Ti. Major Applications:  Aircraft;  Orthopedic Surgery;  Dental Braces;  Robotics. SMART MATERIALS 15
  • 17. THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS Materials which changes color with changes in temperature. General materials used are:  V2O5 ,  Cholesteryl nonanoate,  1,2,3-triazole,  Octadecylphosphonic acid. General applications:  Inks;  Dyes;  Papers;  Plastics. SMART MATERIALS 17
  • 18. RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE Cold Cold Hot Hot SMART MATERIALS 18
  • 19. PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of light. Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light. General Materials used are:  Azobenzene;  Diarylethene;  Spiropyran;  Silver Chloride. SMART MATERIALS 19
  • 20. PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS Major Applications:  Lenses;  Supramolecular chemistry;  Dyes;  Paints;  Cosmetics;  Clothing. SMART MATERIALS 20
  • 21. ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS These materials change their optical behavior with application of electrical voltage. Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of light they allow to pass through them. Transparent and looks like ordinary glass Application of small voltage turns it opaque (blueish and dark) SMART MATERIALS 21
  • 22. ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS General materials used are:  WO3;  NiO;  TiO2;  Polyaniline;  Polythiophene. Major applications:  Smart Glass;  Light-transmissive devices for optical information and storage;  Rear-view mirrors;  Protective eyewear. SMART MATERIALS 22
  • 23. APPLICATIONS  Smart Fabric;  Smart Aircraft;  Sporting Goods;  Smart Dust;  Reducing vibration of helicopter blades;  Robotics;  Medical Surgeries;  Security;  And many others………………… SMART MATERIALS 23
  • 24. CONCLUSION The research and development of smart materials has been an astounding boost to the technical sphere. As time will pass by, these materials will be more known of and be more extensively used to meet even the minute needs of the society. SMART MATERIALS 24
  • 25. REFERENCES Smart Materials and Smart Systems for the future-Georges Akhras. New Organic Electrochromic Materials and their Applications- J Zmija, M.J Malachowski. BBC-GCSE Bitesize. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/ materialsrev2.shtml Canadian Military Journal, Autumn 2000. Buckley, S., “Automation Sensing Mimics Organisms”. http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/wtwu/Research.html http://www.osakagu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ/eforum/ e2008Forum/eETRIATFC2008Rep/eETRIATFC2008TNRep.ht ml Wiki….. SMART MATERIALS 25