Smart materials can change their physical properties in response to specific stimuli such as pressure, temperature, or electric fields. They are categorized into active materials, which can modify properties and transduce energy, and passive materials, which can act as sensors. Future developments may include self-healing materials and those that can withstand extreme temperatures for applications in various fields, including medical and aerospace.

1. SMART MATERIALS
SEMINAR BY
SHIRIL SAJU
SIYAK KB
SIVAPRASAD
SHUBHAM KUMAR

2. WHAT ARE SMART MATERIALS?
 Smart Materials are those materials that possess the
ability to change their physical properties in a specific
manner in response to specific stimulus input
 Stimuli could be pressure, temperature, electric and
magnetic fields, chemicals, nuclear radiations etc.
 The associated changeable physical properties could be
shape, stiffness, viscosity, damping etc.

3. ACHIEVING SMARTNESS
 This kind of smartness is generally programmed by
 Material composition
 Special processing
 Modifying micro structure
 Introduction of defects so as to adapt to the various levels of
stimuli in a controlled fashion

4. TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF SMART
MATERIALS
 Piezo-electric polymers and ceramics ( silk,DNA,ZnO etc.)
 Electro-rheological (ER) fluids (mixing cornflour in a light
vegetable oil or (better) Silicone oil etc.)
 Magneto-strictive materials ( cobalt, Terfenol-D etc.)
 Shape memory alloys (SMAs) (copper-aluminium-nickel,
and nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys etc.)
 Optic fibre

5. CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
 Active Smart Materials:-
Possess the capability of
modifying their geometric and
material properties under the
application of electric, thermal or
magnetic fields, thereby acquiring an
inherent capacity to transduce energy
 Examples : Piezo-electric
materials, Magneto-stictive
materials, SMAs, ER fluids
 Can be used as force
transducers and actuator
 Passive Smart Materials:-
Lack the inherent capability to
transduce energy
 Example : Fibre optic cable
 Can act as sensors not as
actuators or transducers

6. HOW THEY RESPOND TO STIMULI?

7. SOME INTERESTING SMART MATERIALS
ARTIFICIAL CILIA
 Artificial cilia (copolymer film with hair like structures)
which changes its colour and structure in different
conditions
 Result of molecular rearrangements and conformational
shifts in the structure of the copolymers
 Hcl environment- yellow to red
 Ammonium hydroxide vapours- back to original
 Temperature change- flourescent
 Future scope even in medical field

8. INTELLIGENT GLASS
 Selectively reflects the infrared on hot days
 The secret is a superthin coating of vanadium dioxide
molecules doped with tungsten
 At low temperatures, vanadium dioxide is transparent to
infrared.
 At higher temperatures, the bonding between the
molecules changes and the material becomes reflective,
like a metal

9. APPLICATIONS
 In accelerometers (stabilizing quad rotors etc)
 Strain sensors
 Emitters and receptors of stress waves
 Active vibration control of stationary/moving structures
(helicopter blades)
 Smart skins for submarines
 Skin like piezo electric materials sensing temperature and
pressure

10. FUTURE SCOPES
 Materials which can restrain the propagation of cracks by
automatically producing compressive stresses around them
(damage arrest)
 Materials which can discriminate whether the loading is static
or shock and can generate a large force against shock stresses
(shock absorbers)
 Materials possessing self repairing properties which can heal
damages in due course of time (self healing materials)
 Materials that can be used in ultra high temperatures by
changing the composition through transformation (application
in space shuttles which encounter high temp when re-enter to
earth’s atmosphere from outer space)

11. THANK YOU