This document provides an overview of smart materials. It defines smart materials as materials that can significantly change one or more properties in a controlled manner due to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture, pH, or electric/magnetic fields. The major types of smart materials discussed are piezoelectric, electrostrictive, shape memory alloys, and magnetostrictive materials. Examples of applications include smart glass, mirrors, sensors, and actuators. Both advantages like high energy density and simplified packing and disadvantages like high costs and unknown long term effects are outlined.

1. IIMT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GREATER NOINA
SEMINAR ON
SMART MATERIAL
Presented by :- Presented to :-
Mithlesh Kumar Singh Mr.. Krishna Kumar
Mechanical-C (sem.5th ) Mr. D.K Prajpati
Roll no- 1521640080
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2. Contents :-
• What are smart material ???
• Types
• Examples
• Applications
• Advantages and dis -advantage
21

3. What are smart
material???
31

4. Definition:-
 Smart materials are design materials that have one or more
properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by
external stimuli,
Such as:-
 stress;
 Temperature;
 Moisture;
 pH;
 Electric fields;
 Magnetic fields;
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5. Smart materials:-
S SIGNIFICANT
M MEASURABLE
A APPROPRIATE
R RESULT-ORIENTED
T TIME-ORIENTED
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6. Major Types:-
CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIAL
Types of SM Input Output
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential difference
Electrostrictive Potential difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magnetic field Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential difference
Shape memory alloys temperature Deformation
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7. Major Types:-
• Piezoelectric
• Electrostrictive
• Magnetostrictive
• Shape memory alloys
• Magnetocaloric
• Fullerene
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8. piezoelectric
• Piezoelectric materials produce a voltage when stress
is applied .since this effect also applies in the reverse
manner.
• When subjected to an electric charge or variation in
voltage , piezoelectric material will undergo some
mechanical changes.
• The best example is electric cigarette lighter .eg
Bugger,
• Materials Used: Quartz, Rochelle Salt, Topaz,
Bismuth Ferrite
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9. Piezoelectric :-
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10. Electrostrictive :-
• This material has the same properties as piezoelectric
material, but the mechanical change is proportional to
the square of the electric field.
• Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) and its doped
derivatives are classical electrostrictive materials.
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11. Electrostrictive :-
• The action of an electric field signal the change in the
window’s optical and thermal properties . Once the
field is reversed, the process is also reversed .The
windows operate on very low voltage ..one to three
volts..and only use energy to change their condition ,not
to maintain any particular state
LEAD LANTHANUM
ZIRCONATE
TITANATE(PLZT)
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12. Magnetostrictive :-
• When subjected to a magnetic field and vice versa
(direct and converse effect), this material will
undergo an induced mechanical strain. Consequently,
it can be used as sensors and actuators
• When subjected to a magnetic field, this material will
undergo an induced mechanical change.
• Consequently, it can be used as sensors.
• Eg: TERFENOL-D (alloy of Terbium,iron(FE))
• Rarest of the rare earth material. And hence very
expensive.
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13. Shape memory alloys :-
• Shape memory alloys are metal alloys which
can undergo solid-to-solid phase
transformation and can recover completely
when heated to a specific temperature.
• Austenite –high temperature phase;
• Martensite –low temperature phase.
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14. Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys:
What are they?
• -An alloy that demonstrates the Austenite to
Martensite phase transformation (Shape Memory
Effect)
• -An alloy that is ferromagnetic (possibly a need for
Iron, Cobalt, or Nickel in the alloy)
• -The most well known “MSMA” is NiMnGa
• -Nickel Manganese Gallium has an L21 crystal
structure
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15. How do they work?
Magnetic Moments
without applied
magnetic Field
Parallel Alignment of
Magnetic Moments within
the twins with applied field
Redistribution
of twin
“variants”
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16. Magnetocaloric material:-
• Magnetocaloric materials are compounds that
undergo a reversible change in temperature upon
exposure to a changing magnetic field.
• These materials have application in refrigeration
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17. Fullerenes
• A fullerene is any series of hollow
carbon molecules that form either a
closed cage, as in a buckyball, or a
cylinder, like a carbon nanotube.
• Most researched/utilized fullerene is
the carbon-60 molecule (truncated
icosaheedron)
• Three nanotubes can be made by
varying the chiral angle.
• Arm-chair
• Zig-zag
• Chiral
• Chiral angle determines conductivity
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18. Applications of fullerenes
• Superconductors
• By doping fullerenes with three variable atoms, a
superconducting state can be achieved.
• Medical
• Atoms can be trapped in a buckyball, in order to
create a biological sponge.
• HIV protease inhibitor
• A buckyball can be inserted in the HIV protease
active site in order to stop replication.
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19. Examples
material input/stimulus output/Response application
Polymeric gal pH change Swelling or
contracting
Artificial muscle
Electro-rheological
fluid
Electrical signal Viscosity change Tensional steering
system damper
Pyroelectric
material
Temperature Electrical signal Personnel sensor
(open supermarket
door)
Polymer(eg thin
film
cellulose),ceramic
Humidity change capacity/Resistance
change
Humidity sensors
Self-healing
materials
Force Force Smartphone chassis
List of smart material(1)
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20. Examples:-
Treated paper
Thermo color sheet
Precious metal clay (PMC)
Paper foam
Footwear
Etc
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21. Chromogenic material
• Chromogenic materials change their color in
accordance to electrical, thermal or radiative
stimuli.
CHROMOGENIC
MATERIAL
Thermochromic
Material
Photochromic
Material
Electrochromic
Material
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22. Thermochromism:-
• Thermochromic is the property of substances to
change color due to a change in temperature.
• Smart materials are used in all types of
thermochromatic liquid crystals, leuco dyes,
thermochromics papers, Thermochromic polymers
and Thermochromic inks.
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23. Photochromic lens :-
• Smart materials are also used in
Photochromic lens.
• Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on
exposure to specific types of light, most
commonly ultraviolet(UV) radiation.
• once the light source is removed (for examples
by walking indoors), the lenses will gradually
return to their clear state.
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24. Electrochromic Materials :-
• These materials change their optical behavior with
application of electrical voltage
• Their behavior is basically characterized by the
amount of light they allow to pass through them.
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25. Electrochromic Materials :-
General material used are;
 NiO;
 WO;
 TiO;
 Polyanilene;
 Polythiophene
Major application:
 Smart Glass;
 Light – transmissive device
for optical informative storage;
 Rear –view mirrors;
 Protective eyewear.
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26. Shape – memory polymers:-
• Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart
material that have the ability to return from a
deformed state (temporary shape) to their original
(permanent) shape induced by an external stimulus
(trigger), such as temperature change.
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27. Shape – memory polymers:-
• Made by nixing nickel and titanium
• T<Tc , Martensite phase –plastic state large
strain can be applied with little stress.
• T>Tc , Austenitic phase-memory phase-
retains its original shape.
• Actuation is caused by transforming the
metal from martensite to austenitic phase.
This process causes enormous amount of
stress, which can be used for actuating
purpose.
• Slow reaction time. 271

28. Advantages and
Dis-advantages
281

29. Advantages of Smart Material:-
• High energy density (compared to pneumatic and
hydraulic actuators)
• Excellent bandwidth
• Simplified packing
• Novel function such as the function of temperature
exhibited by smart gels.
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30. Advantages
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31. Disadvantages of smart material:-
• Dropping people out of the labor
• Not biodegradable
• Environmental pollution
• Expensive to produce
• Long term effect unknown
• Global crisis.
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32. Applications
 Smart Fabric;
 Smart Aircraft;
 Sporting Goods;
 Smart Dust;
 Reducing vibration
 Helicopter blades;
 Medical surgeries;
 Robotics;
 Security;
 And many others……..
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33. •Thank you
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