This document discusses smart materials, which are materials that can significantly change one or more properties in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, electric or magnetic fields in a controlled way. It classifies different types of smart materials like piezoelectric, shape memory alloys, thermochromic and discusses their input-output behavior and applications. Some key smart materials discussed are piezoelectric quartz, shape memory alloys used in aircraft and orthopedics, thermochromic inks and papers, photochromic lenses and electrochromic smart glass. The document concludes that smart materials react to their environment and can reversibly change properties, offering properties tunable at different scales with wide applications.

1. SMART MATERIALS
Presented by:-
GAURAV KUMAR
11/IME/043

2. 1) Classification & comparison between materials
2) Smart Material-Introduction
3) Classification of Smart Materials
4) Different type of Smart Materials
5) Their Application &Future scope
6) Conclusion
7) Reference

3. wood metals polymers ceramics composites

5.  Smart materials are the materials that can significantly
alter one or more of their inherent properties owing to
the application of an external stimuli in a controlled
fashion .
 The several external stimulus to which the smart
materials are sensitive are
I. Stress
II. Temperature
III. Moisture
IV. Electric fields
V. Magnetic fields etc.

6. SIGNIFICANT
MEASURABLE
APPROPRIATE
RESULT-ORIENTED
TIME-ORIENTED

7. Types of smart
materials
Input Output
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential difference
Electrostrictive Potential difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magenetic fields Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential difference
Shape memory alloys Temperature Deformation
Photochromic Radiation Colour change
theremochromic Temperature Colour change

8. The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect
Materials Used : Quart,
Rochelle salt,Topaz,Bismuth
Ferrite

9.  If a di electric material is
subjected to an electric
field,
 Then it experiences a
strain which is
proportional to the
strength to the electric
field
Eg:-Lead Lanthanum
Zirconate Titanate
(PLTZ)
Lead magnesium Niobate

10. Application of a magnetic field
to a ferromagnetic material
causes it to change its shape.
This change in shape is
proportional to the strength of
field applied
Eg:-Cobalt Terfenol-D

11. These material, when subjected
to any temperature difference,
produce proportional voltage
output. The reverse effect is
also true.
Thermoelectric effect generally
comprise of
o Seebeck Effect;
o Peltier Effect;
o Thomson Effect

12. Shape memory alloys are metal
alloys which can undergo solid-
to-solid phase transformation
and can recover completely when
heated to a specific temperature
These materials has two phase:
1. Austenite:-high temperature
phase
2. martensite:-low temperature
phase

15. Materials commonly used are:
Cu-Al-Ni;
Fe-Zn-Al;
Cu-Zn-Al;
Major Applications
Aircraft;
Orthopedic surgery;
Dental Braces;
Robotics;

16.  Chromogenic material change their colour in
accordance to electrical, thermal or radiative stimuli.
CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
Thermochromic
materials Photochromic
materials
Electrochromic
materials

17.  Materials which changes colour
with changes in temperature.
 General materials used are:
 V2O5,
 Cholesteryl nonanoate,
 1,2,3-triazole,
 Octadecylphosphonic acid.
 General applicaton:
 Inks;
 Dyes;
 Papers;
 Plastics;

19. Photochromic material change colour in response to
the intensity of light.
Transmitance to light varies with the intensity of the
incident light.
General materials used are:
I. Azobenzene;
II. Diarylethene;
III. Spiropyran;
IV. Sliver Chloride.

20. Major Application:
1. Lenses;
2. Supermolecular chemistry;
3. Dyes;
4. Paints
5. Cosmetics;
6. Clothing.

21. These materials change their optical behavior with
application of electrical voltage.
Their behavior is basically characterized by
amount of light they allow to pass through them.
Transparent and looks
Like ordinary glass
Application of small voltage
Turns it opapue
(blueish and dark)

22. General materials used are:-
 WO3;
 NiO3;
 TiO2;
 Polyaniline;
 Polythiophene;
Major application:
 Smart glass:
 Light-transmissive devices
for optical data
 Rear-view mirrors
 Protective eyewear.

23. Smart Fabric ;
Smart aircraft;
Sporting Goods;
Smart Dust;
Reducing vibration
Helicopter blades;
 Robotics;
Medical surgeries;
Security;

24.  Smart materials have properties that react to changes
in their environment. This means that one of their
properties can be changed by an external condition,
such as temperature, light, pressure or electricity.
 This change is reversible and can be repeated many
times. There are a wide range of different smart
materials. Each offer different properties that can be
changed. Some materials are very good indeed and
cover a huge range of the scales.

25.  T.G. Frank, W. Xu, A. Cushieri: Instruments Based on Shape Memory
Alloy Properties for Minimal Access Surgery, lnterventional Radiology
and Flexible Endoscopy, Min. Invas. Ther. & Allied Techno!. (2000) 89 -
98
 A Review of Shape Memory Alloy Research, Applications and
Opportunities JM Jani, M Leary, A Subic and MA Gibson, Materials and
Design, 2013