this ppt covers the topics smart materials and eco-friendly materials.

1. UNIT - II
Materials and Construction
• Smart Materials
• Eco-friendly Materials
- Basavaraj S Tavade

2. Smart Materials :
“Smart materials are materials that respond to
environmental stimuli, such as temperature, moisture,
pH or electric and magnetic fields”

3. PROPERTIES OF SMART MATERIALS
• Self-detection,
• self-diagnostic
• Self-corrective,
• self-controlled,
• self-healing
• Shock-absorbers,
• damage arrest.

4. COMPONENTS OF SMART SYSTEM

5. COMPONENTS OF SMART SYSTEM
• Data Acquisition (tactile sensing): The aim of this
component is to collect the required raw data needed
for an appropriate sensing and monitoring of the
structure.
• Data Transmission (sensory nerves): The purpose of
this part is to forward the raw data to the local and/or
central command and control units.
• Command and Control Unit (brain): The role of this
unit is to manage and control the whole system by
analyzing the data, reaching the appropriate conclusion,
and determining the actions required.

6. COMPONENTS OF SMART SYSTEM
• Data Instructions (motor nerves): The function of
this part is to transmit the decisions and the
associated instructions back to the members of the
structure.
• Action Devices (muscles): The purpose of this
part is to take action by triggering the controlling
devices/ units.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
• Piezoelectric
• Electrostrictive
• Magnetostrictive
• Shape memory alloy
• Optical fibers
• Materials with added Functions

8. Piezoelectric
• When subjected to an electric charge or variation
in voltage, piezoelectric material will undergo
some mechanical change and vice versa.
• These events are called the direct and converse
effects.
The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect

10. Electrostrictive:
• This material has same properties as piezoelectric
material, but mechanical change is proportional to the
square the electric field.
• This characteristic will always produce displacement
in the same direction.
Magnetostrictive :
• When subjected to a magnetic field, and vice versa,
this material will undergo an induced mechanical
strain.
• This material can be used as sensors and/or actuators.

11. Electrostrictive:
• This material has same properties as piezoelectric
material, but mechanical change is proportional to the
square the electric field.
• This characteristic will always produce displacement
in the same direction.
Magnetostrictive :
• When subjected to a magnetic field, and vice versa,
this material will undergo an induced mechanical
strain.
• This material can be used as sensors and/or actuators.

12. Shape memory alloys:
• When subjected to a thermal field, this material will
undergo phase transformation which will produce
shape changes.
• It deforms to its martensitic condition with low
temperature and regains its original shape in austenite
condition when heated.
Optical Fibers :
• Fibers that use intensity, phase, frequency or
polarization of modulation to measure strain,
temperature, electrical/magnetic fields, pressure and
other measurable quantities.

13. Eco-friendly materials :
“The materials which cause minimum damage to
the environment, since the use of raw materials to
final product, are considered to be eco-friendly
materials”
The Properties of Eco-friendly materials are:
1. Minimum damage to the environment.
2. Require minimum energy for manufacturing.
3. It should be recyclable and reusable.
4. Locally available and can be extracted easily from
nature.

14. Eco-friendly materials :
Naturally available eco-friendly materials or
products developed using Eco-friendly raw-
materials are
1. Bamboo / timber
2. Sun dried bricks.
3. Mud used for houses, wall plastering.

15. Eco-friendly materials :
The Eco-friendly materials can also be
manufactured using waste products of some
industries.
The following materials fall under these
categories.
1. Fly ash Bricks
2. Ply-wood Manufactured from Bagasse.