This document summarizes the simulation of a 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antenna in HFSS software. It describes the basic structure and design of microstrip patch antennas, including different shapes, feeding techniques, and the calculated parameters. It then shows the specific simulated design of both a circular and rectangular 2.4 GHz patch antenna, including the resulting S-parameters, radiation patterns, and 3D polar plots. The document concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of patch antennas, along with their applications.

1. SIMULATION OF 2.4 GHZ MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA IN HFSS SOFTWARE
COURSE- M.TECH
BRANCH:- ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
SUBJECT:- MODERN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS(CECNG-
524)
SUBMITTED TO:-
PROF DR. R. NAKKERAN
SUBMITTED BY:

2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
Working
Different type of microstrip antenna ( constant )
Basic structure of microstrip antenna
CALCULATION of Parameters
FEEDING TECHNIQUES IN MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
OUTPUT
ADVANTAGES OF PATCH ANTENNA
DISADVANTAGES OF PATCH ANTENNA
APPLICATIONS
Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
In general Micro strip antenna are also known as “ PATCH ANTENNA”
H is metallic patch placed on dielectric material and supported by the ground plane.
It consists of a metal ‘patch’ on top of a grounded dielectric substrate
It could be easily fabricated on printed circuit board ( PCB ).
It is most widely used antenna.
Installation is very easy due to law size , weight and cost.
One of the most useful antennas at microwave frequencies( f>1 Ghz).
Micro strip patch antenna or patch antenna is a narrowband width antenna.
The patch may be in variety of shapes but circular and rectangular are the most common.
Micro strip patch antennas patches are in variety of shapes, such as rectangular square ,
triangular and circular…… etc.

4. WORKING
• The patch acts approximately as a resonant cavity (short circuit walls
on top and bottom, open-circuit walls on the sides).
• In a cavity, only certain modes are allowed to exist, at different resonant
frequencies.
• If the antenna is excited at a resonant frequency, a strong field is set up
inside the cavity, and a strong current on the (bottom) surface of the
patch. This produces significant radiation (a good antenna).

5. DIFFERENT TYPE OF MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA
Square
Dipole
Circle
Rectangular
Elliptical
Triangle
Polygon
Ring sector
Disc sector
Circular ring

6. BASIC STRUCTURE OF MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA
Typically h is much smaller than operating wavelength but not smaller
than .05 of wavelength.

7. FEEDING TECHNIQUES IN MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA

8. MICROSTRIP FEED LINE
 Z1 CAN BE ALTERED BY CHANGING WIDTH OF
QUARTER WAVELENGTH STRIP.

9. PROBE OR COAXIAL FEED
EASY TO FABRICATE.
LOW SPURIOUS RADIATION.
FEED CAN BE PLACE AT ANY DESIRED LOCATION TO
MATCH INPUT IMPEDANCE.
NARROW BANDWIDTH.
FOR THICKER SUBSTRATES,THE INCREASED PROBE
LENGTH MAKES Zin MORE INDUCTIVE

10. PROXIMITY-COUPLED FEED
 FEED LINE IS BETWEEN THE TWO
SUBSTRATES AND THE RADIATING PATCH IS
ON TOP OF THE UPPER SUBSTRATE.
 ELIMINATES SPURIOUS RADIATION
 HIGH BANDWIDTH
 DIFFICULT TO FABRICATE
 Length of feeding stub and width-to-length
ratio of patch is used to control the match.

11. APERTURE COUPLED FEED
 THE RADIATING PATCH AND THE MICROSTRIP
FEED LINE ARE SEPARATED BY THE GROUND
PLANE.
 THE AMOUNT OF COUPLING FROM THE FEED
LINE TO THE PATCH IS DETERMINED BY THE
SHAPE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE APERTURE.
 LOW SPURIOUS RADIATION.
 DIFFICULT TO FABRICATE.
 NARROW BANDWIDTH.

12. DESIGN AND
RESULT OF 2.4 GHZ
CIRCULAR
MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA

13. SIMULATED DESIGN

14. RESULT
S PARAMETER

15. ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN

16. 3D POLAR PLOT REPORT

17. DESIGN AND RESULT
OF 2.4 GHZ
RECTANGULAR
MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA

18. SIMULATED DESIGN

19. RESULT
S PARAMETER

20. ANTENNA RADIATION
PATTERN

21. 3D POLAR PLOT REPORT

22. ADVANTAGES OF PATCH ANTENNA
Linear & circulation be easily achieved.
Light weight and low volume
Easy to fabricate(use etching & photolithography)
Easy to feed(coaxial cable , microstrip line etc.)
Easy to use in an array or incorporate with other microstrip circuit elements
Mechanically robust when mounted on a rigid surface

23. DISADVANTAGES OF PATCH ANTENNA
Narrow bandwidth.
Gain around (5 to 7 db ).
Radiation into only half plane.
Low power handling capacity.
Conductor and dielectric losses are more severe for thinner substrates.
Surface wave losses become more severe for thicker substrates(unless air or
foam is used).

24. APPLICATIONS
AIRCRAFTS
SPACECRAFT
SATELLITE
MISSILE
MOBILE

25. REFERENCE
Shaw, M., Chakravorty, D., Islam, S.,Gangopadhyaya, M. “A simple star
shaped microstrip patch antenna for penta band application.” In 2nd
International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-
Technology (IEMENTech), Kolkata,2018, p. 1-3.
R. Chair, K. F. Lee, and K. M. Luk, “Bandwidth and cross-polarization
characteristics of quarter-wave shorted patch antennas,” Microw. Opt.
Technol. Lett., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 101–103, 1999
https://electronicsdesk.com/patch -antenna.html

26. Thank you