E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
Gain Enhancement of Series Feed Square Patch Microstrip Antenna Array for S b...ijsrd.com
Gain is the ability of an antenna to concentrate the radiated power in a desired direction. Only small gain can be achieved by single antenna that is why, antenna arrays are required to improve the gain by using different feed networks. This paper describes the design and performance of a series feed antenna array. The operating frequency of 2.4GHz is used. The aim of this paper is to improve the gain of a series feed antenna array. Line feed is used for designing single antenna, 2x1 & 4x1 microstrip antenna array. These series feed microstrip antenna arrays are useful for both S and C band. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D version 9.0 Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design & simulation of dual band t shaped slot micro strip antenna for c-...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microstrip patches radiate from the currents induced on the surface of the patch because of the electromagnetic cavity with significant resonant frequencies formed between patch and ground plane according to the frequencies applied with different feeding techniques. This paper presents the design and simulation of a T-shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna with operating frequencies 5.40GHz, and 6.60GHz for C-Band applications. The T-shape provides Dual band characteristics with good bandwidth which is required in wireless devices with significant design characteristics and can be easily mounted on air craft, space craft, satellites, missiles etc., An Edge-Fed microstrip with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate heights of 6.5mm, 4.56 mm, 3.048mm, and 1.524mm are designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency, FBR etc,. This antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. Keywords :T-shaped slot microstrip,Dual Band, C-Band, Edge-Fed, HFSS Software 13.0
Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line techniquejournalBEEI
The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Octagon Shape of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...vishant choudhary
A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design.
The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}.
The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz.
. These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...paperpublications3
Abstract: In the modern world especially during the last two decades, Wireless communications has been developed widely and rapidly. In future, development in personal communication devices will provide image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. It shows that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of multi-band or wideband operations to cover the frequency band of operation. Frequency agile antennas in ISM band (2.4-2.4835) GHz that support diversity polarization provides excellent performance for applications including multifunction radar, space-based platforms, wireless communications, and personal electronic devices. To reduce the transmission losses, matching in polarization in both the transmitter and receiver antennas is very much important. In this paper we will design two microstrip antenna one with linearly polarized and other with circularly polarized in 2.4 GHz ISM band with frequency agility in 2.4-2.4835 GHz. In both the design single feeding is used. This paper presents a new design for a linearly polarized antenna based on rectangular microstrip patch. Circular polarization is generated by truncating two opposite edges from a rectangular patch antenna. The truncation splits the field with equal magnitude and 90° phase shift into two orthogonal modes. Both the antennas are simulated with high frequency simulating software (HFSS).
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna, suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2 GHz was designed and modeled using IE3D software. The simulated antenna was analyzed using coaxial feed technique and various antenna parameters like S11, VSWR, Antenna Gain and Antenna Efficiency were determined for the random feed point location. Also, the feed point was
varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the optimized feed location for minimum return loss. Further, a microstrip patch antenna was fabricated using the dimensions of the simulated antenna. The fabricated antenna was tested for obtaining the radiation pattern and other antenna parameters using standard anechoic chamber testing set up at ISAC/ISRO. The antenna
parameters were compared between simulation results and experimental results and the antenna was qualified for use in L-band frequency range with minimum return loss and maximum
bandwidth
Soft Computing Technique Based Enhancement of Transmission System Lodability ...IJERA Editor
Due to the growth of electricity demands and transactions in power markets, existing power networks need to be enhanced in order to increase their loadability. The problem of determining the best locations for network reinforcement can be formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). The complexity of the problem makes extensive simulations necessary and the computational requirement is high. This paper compares the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and an ordinal optimization (OO) technique is proposed in this paper to solve the MDCP involving two types of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), for system loadability enhancement. In this approach, crude models are proposed to cope with the complexity of the problem and speed up the simulations with high alignment confidence. The test and Validation of the proposed algorithm are conducted on IEEE 14–bus system and 22-bus Indian system.Simulation results shows that the proposed models permit the use of OO-based approach for finding good enough solutions with less computational efforts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
Gain Enhancement of Series Feed Square Patch Microstrip Antenna Array for S b...ijsrd.com
Gain is the ability of an antenna to concentrate the radiated power in a desired direction. Only small gain can be achieved by single antenna that is why, antenna arrays are required to improve the gain by using different feed networks. This paper describes the design and performance of a series feed antenna array. The operating frequency of 2.4GHz is used. The aim of this paper is to improve the gain of a series feed antenna array. Line feed is used for designing single antenna, 2x1 & 4x1 microstrip antenna array. These series feed microstrip antenna arrays are useful for both S and C band. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D version 9.0 Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design & simulation of dual band t shaped slot micro strip antenna for c-...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microstrip patches radiate from the currents induced on the surface of the patch because of the electromagnetic cavity with significant resonant frequencies formed between patch and ground plane according to the frequencies applied with different feeding techniques. This paper presents the design and simulation of a T-shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna with operating frequencies 5.40GHz, and 6.60GHz for C-Band applications. The T-shape provides Dual band characteristics with good bandwidth which is required in wireless devices with significant design characteristics and can be easily mounted on air craft, space craft, satellites, missiles etc., An Edge-Fed microstrip with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate heights of 6.5mm, 4.56 mm, 3.048mm, and 1.524mm are designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency, FBR etc,. This antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. Keywords :T-shaped slot microstrip,Dual Band, C-Band, Edge-Fed, HFSS Software 13.0
Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line techniquejournalBEEI
The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Octagon Shape of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...vishant choudhary
A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design.
The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}.
The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz.
. These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...paperpublications3
Abstract: In the modern world especially during the last two decades, Wireless communications has been developed widely and rapidly. In future, development in personal communication devices will provide image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. It shows that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of multi-band or wideband operations to cover the frequency band of operation. Frequency agile antennas in ISM band (2.4-2.4835) GHz that support diversity polarization provides excellent performance for applications including multifunction radar, space-based platforms, wireless communications, and personal electronic devices. To reduce the transmission losses, matching in polarization in both the transmitter and receiver antennas is very much important. In this paper we will design two microstrip antenna one with linearly polarized and other with circularly polarized in 2.4 GHz ISM band with frequency agility in 2.4-2.4835 GHz. In both the design single feeding is used. This paper presents a new design for a linearly polarized antenna based on rectangular microstrip patch. Circular polarization is generated by truncating two opposite edges from a rectangular patch antenna. The truncation splits the field with equal magnitude and 90° phase shift into two orthogonal modes. Both the antennas are simulated with high frequency simulating software (HFSS).
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna, suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2 GHz was designed and modeled using IE3D software. The simulated antenna was analyzed using coaxial feed technique and various antenna parameters like S11, VSWR, Antenna Gain and Antenna Efficiency were determined for the random feed point location. Also, the feed point was
varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the optimized feed location for minimum return loss. Further, a microstrip patch antenna was fabricated using the dimensions of the simulated antenna. The fabricated antenna was tested for obtaining the radiation pattern and other antenna parameters using standard anechoic chamber testing set up at ISAC/ISRO. The antenna
parameters were compared between simulation results and experimental results and the antenna was qualified for use in L-band frequency range with minimum return loss and maximum
bandwidth
Soft Computing Technique Based Enhancement of Transmission System Lodability ...IJERA Editor
Due to the growth of electricity demands and transactions in power markets, existing power networks need to be enhanced in order to increase their loadability. The problem of determining the best locations for network reinforcement can be formulated as a mixed discrete-continuous nonlinear optimization problem (MDCP). The complexity of the problem makes extensive simulations necessary and the computational requirement is high. This paper compares the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and an ordinal optimization (OO) technique is proposed in this paper to solve the MDCP involving two types of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), for system loadability enhancement. In this approach, crude models are proposed to cope with the complexity of the problem and speed up the simulations with high alignment confidence. The test and Validation of the proposed algorithm are conducted on IEEE 14–bus system and 22-bus Indian system.Simulation results shows that the proposed models permit the use of OO-based approach for finding good enough solutions with less computational efforts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stochastic Modeling Neutral Evolution by an Iambp of Cortisol Secretion of Br...IJERA Editor
Objective Fatigue is one of the most common and distressing symptoms by cancer patients and survivors. To evaluate cortisol responses to an experimental psychologic stressor in fatigued and non fatigued survivors. The focus is the frequency spectrum of the Infinite-Allele Markov branching process (IAMBP), namely the proportion having a given number of copies at a specified time point.
Modeling the transport of charge carriers in the active devices diode submicr...IJERA Editor
A Monte Carlo simulation program was developed to simulate the movement of electrons in a submicron GaInP diode three dimensional (3D) with 0.1 microns-long active layer. The algorithm couples a standard Monte Carlo particle simulator for the Boltzmann equation with a 3D Poisson solver. Thus a series of hits for a specific MC submicron diode (GaInP), with an active layer (n = 2x1015cm-3) of length 0.1μm surrounded by two regions doped with n = 5x1017cm-3, are presented. The lattice temperature is 300K and the anode voltage Va is 1V. The analysis also showed that the average drift velocity to the electrons in the channel is about 5x106 cm/sec
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Research on Improvement of Low Temperature Stability for Diatomite Modifi...IJERA Editor
In light of the lake of low temperature stability for diatomaceous which used as asphalt modifier.Stat the research with the diatomite produced at Jilin Changbai, using the way of low temperature bending test to evaluate the PE and diatomite composite modified asphalt mixture’s low temperature crack resistance performance. The results showed that after the diatomite and PE composite modified asphalt mixture has the best advantage of anti-cracking performance under low-temperature environment,which is better than PE modified asphalt mixture and the matrix asphalt mixture. As a result,asphalt mixture being composite modified by diatomite and PE could significantly improve asphalt mixture’s low temperature stable performance.
The Mechanical Behavior Of A Nylon Seat Belt Exposed To Cyclical Loads: A Num...IJERA Editor
This work aims to study the mechanical behavior of a nylon seat belt when it is exposed to cyclical loads through
the Finite Element Methods. This work used as base the brazilian regulamentoy standard ABNT NBR 7337:2011
to create the virtual model of the seat belt, with the following dimensions: 1.20mm thick, 48mm width and
250mm length. The next step was to import this CAD model to ANSYS 14.5 software, to create the correct
material model for this case and apply the correct boundary conditions in order to analyze its behavior under a
load that varies from 0 to 2000 N at a 10 Hz frequency. The final step was to analyze this numerical results that
referring to this component under these conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improving Data Storage Security in Cloud using HadoopIJERA Editor
The rising abuse of information stored on large data centres in cloud emphasizes the need to safe guard the data. Despite adopting strict authentication policies for cloud users data while transferred over to secure channel when reaches data centres is vulnerable to numerous attacks .The most widely adoptable methodology is safeguarding the cloud data is through encryption algorithm. Encryption of large data deployed in cloud is actually a time consuming process. For the secure transmission of information AES encryption has been used which provides most secure way to transfer the sensitive information from sender to the intended receiver. The main purpose of using this technique is to make sensitive information unreadable to all other except the receiver. The data thus compressed enables utilization of storage space in cloud environment. It has been augmented with Hadoop‟s map-reduce paradigm which works in a parallel mode. The experimental results clearly reflect the effectiveness of the methodology to improve the security of data in cloud environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Properties of ‘Emu’ Feather Fiber CompositesIJERA Editor
A composite is usually made up of at least two materials out of which one is binding material called matrix and the other is a reinforcement material known as fiber. Many researchers are focusing on natural fiber composites. But, in the present work, composites were prepared with epoxy (Araldite LY-556) resin and „emu‟ bird feathers as fiber. The composites were prepared by varying the weight percentage (P) of „emu‟ fiber ranging from 1 to 5 and length (L) of feather fibers from 1 to 5 cm. The composite specimens were prepared and cured as per ASTM standards. Studies were carried out on various properties like mechanical properties, Thermal properties and Effect of atmosphere, Soil and certain Chemicals. An attempt is made to model the mechanical properties through response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. The results reveal that the developed models are suitable for prediction of mechanical properties of Epoxy „Emu‟ Feather Fiber Composites.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Some More Results on Intuitionistic Semi Open SetsIJERA Editor
The purpose of this paper is to define and study the intuitionistic semi open sets in intuitionistic topological
space. Also some properties of this set are discussed.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low
surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in
metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer
bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to
design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band
frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using
IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and
comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the
feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is
also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna
efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer
bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer
bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjantjournal
A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a low surface. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to the dielectric Substrate such as a printed circuit board with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The main aim of this work is to design, develop and test the Printed Circuit antenna (Microstrip Patch antenna) suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2GHz. This study also emphasizes on simulation of micro-strip patch antenna using IE3D software to simulate & study the radiation pattern & other radiation pattern parameters and comparison with specifications/requirements. Co-axial Feed technique was adopted and the location of the feed point was varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the point of minimum return loss. This work is also focused on characterization of fabricated antenna in view of parameters like VSWR, Antenna efficiency, Axial ratio, Gain and radiation pattern.
Parametric Analysis of Single Element U Slot Microstrip AntennaIJSRD
In wireless communication system antennas are the most important element for creating communication link between source and destination. Microsrtip antennas are used for mobile and other satellite communication application because of their light weight, low power handling capacity and low profile. The modern mobile communication system requires high gain, wide bandwidth and minimal size antennas that are capable of providing better performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. This requirement leads to the design of microsrtip patch array antenna. This paper proposes the parametric analysis of single element U slot MSA. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. Thus it prefers FR4 as a dielectric substrate. Desired patch antenna design is simulated by using high frequency simulation software and patch antenna is designed as per requirement. Antenna dimensions such as Length (L), Width (W), and substrate dielectric constant and parameters like Return Loss, Gain, impedance and current distribution are calculated using CAD-FEKO. The antenna has been design to be operated in the range of 8-12GHz. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for X-band applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdf
Aa04408138142
1. Manju Saini et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 8), April 2014, pp.138-142
www.ijera.com 138 | P a g e
A Microstripe Slotted Patch Antenna Using Amc
Manju Saini, Sachin Singla, Koneesh Aggarwal
M. tech Scholar, Electronics and communication Engineering Department, SKIET, Kurukshetra
Abstract
Microstrip patch antenna offer an attractive solution to compact and ease-low-cost design of modern wireless
communication system due to their many advantages as light weight and low volume, low profile, planer
configuration which can be easily made conformal to low fabrication cost and capability of obtaining dual and
triple frequency operations. A microstrip patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement by means of artificial
magnetic conductor (AMC)/electromagnetic band-gap structure (EBG) is studied in this paper. The three
different geometry shapes, the U, E and H are developed from rectangular patch. The antennas studied in this
paper are simulated using sonnet software and results compared with the conventional rectangular patch
antenna. The results obtained clearly shows that , bandwidth of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna can
be enhanced has been studied
Keywords- Microstrip patch antenna, Bandwidth, AMC, EBG, Frequency, Wireless communication system
I. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip antenna structures are most
common option used to realize millimeter wava
monolithic integrated circuits for microwave, radar
and communication purposes [1]. Patch antennas play
a very significant role in today’s world of wireless
communication systems. A microstrip patch antenna
is very simple in the construction using a
conventional microstrip fabrication technique.
Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch
on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a
ground plane on the other side. The patch is generally
made of conducting material such as copper or gold
and can take any possible shape as shown in figure 1.
The radiating patch and the feed lines are usually
photo etched on the dielectric substrate. In order to
simplify analysis and performance prediction, the
patch is generally square, rectangular, circular,
triangular and elliptical or some other common shape.
To simplify analysis and performance prediction, the
patch is generally square, rectangular, circular,
triangular and elliptical in shape. The radiating patch
and the feed lines are usually photo etched on the
dielectric substrate. In order to simplify analysis and
performance prediction, the patch is generally
square,rectangular, circular, triangular and elliptical
or some other common shape.[2]
Microstrip antennas are relatively
inexpensive to manufacture and design because of the
simple 2-dimensional physical geometry. They are
usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies
because the size of the antenna is directly tied to
the wavelength at the resonant frequency. A single
patch antenna provides a maximum directive gain of
around 6-9 dB. It is relatively easy to print an array of
patches on a single (large) substrate using
lithographic techniques. Patch arrays can provide
much higher gains than a single patch at little
additional cost; matching and phase adjustment can
be performed with printed microstrip feed structures,
again in the same an array of patch antennas is an
easy way to make a phased array of antennas with
dynamic beam-forming ability. An advantage
inherent to patch antennas is the ability to
have polarization operations that form the radiating
patches. The ability to create high gain arrays in a
low-profile antenna is one reason that patch arrays are
common on airplanes and in other military
applications[3]. Such diversity Patch antennas can
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Manju Saini et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 8), April 2014, pp.138-142
www.ijera.com 139 | P a g e
easily be designed to have vertical, horizontal, right
hand circular (RHCP) or left hand with asymmetric
patch structures. This unique property allows patch
antennas to be used in many types of communications
links that may have varied requirements. Microstrip
patch antennas can be fed by a variety of methods.
These methods can be classified into two categories-
contacting and non-contacting. In the contacting
method, the RF power is fed directly to the radiating
patch using a connecting element such as a microstrip
line. In the non-contacting scheme, electromagnetic
field coupling is done to transfer power between the
microstrip line and the radiating patch. Non-
contacting feeding methods such as
proximity/aperture coupled can be used to improve
the impedence bandwidth, but this is difficult to
fabricate. The four most popular feed techniques used
are the microstrip line, coaxial probe (both contacting
schemes), aperture coupling and proximity coupling
(both non-contacting schemes)[4]. For a rectangular
patch, the length L of the patch is usually 0.333λo <
L< 0.5λo, where λo is the free space wavelength. The
patch is selected to be very thin such that the patch
thickness t<<λo. The height h of the dielectric
constant of the substrate (Ԑ r) is typically in the range
2.2 ≤ Ԑ𝑟 ≤ 12. The microstrip patch antennas radiate
primarily because of the fringing fields between the
patch edge and the ground plane. For good antenna
performance, the choice of substrate used is an
important factor. There are numerous substrates that
can be used for the design of microstrip antennas
within the dielectric constants range of 2.2 ≤ Ԑ𝑟 ≤ 12.
The low dielectric constant Ԑ𝑟 is about 2.2 to 3, the
medium around 6.15 and the high approximately
above 10.5[2]. A thick dielectric substrate having a
low dielectric constant is desirable since this provides
better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better
radiation. However, such a configuration leads to a
larger antenna size. In order to design a compact
microstrip patch antenna, substrate with higher
dielectric constants must be used which are less
efficient and result in narrower bandwidth. Hence a
trade-off must be realized between the antenna
dimensions and antenna performance [4].
II. Methodology
3.1 Feeding Technique: Microstrip patch antennas
can be fed by a number of methods. These methods
can be classified as contacting and non-contacting.
The R.F power is fed directly to the radiating patch
using a connecting element such as a microstrip line.
In the non-contacting scheme, electromagnetic field
coupling is done to transfer power between the
microstrip line and the radiating patch[1]. The four
most popular feed techniques used are the microstrip
line, coaxial probe (both contacting schemes),
aperture coupling and proximity coupling (both non-
contacting schemes)..
3.2 Method of Analysis: There are a number of
methods of analysis for m,icrostrip antenna.The most
popular models are the cavity, full wave and
transmission-line. The easiest of all is the
transmission-line model, it gives good insight and is
adequate for most engineering purposes and also
require less computation. However it is less accurate.
The cavity model is more accurate and gives good
physical insight but is complex [5]. The full-wave
models are very accurate, versatile and can treat
single elements, stacked elements, finite and infinite
arrays and coupling. However, they are the most
complex models and usually give less physical
insight.
3.3 Bandwidth: The most serious limitation of the
microstrip antenna is its narrow bandwidth. The
bandwidth can be defined in terms of its VSWR
(voltage standing wave ratio) or input impedence
variation with frequency or in terms of radiation
parameters. For circularly polarized antenna,
bandwidth is defined in terms of Axial Ratio. VSWR
is a popular parameter for determining the bandwidth
of a particular antenna configuration. Bandwidth is
presented more concisely as a percent where[6]
%𝐵𝑊 =Δ𝑓/𝑓𝑜×100
3.4 Return Loss: Another way of expressing the is
the return loss. It is a logarithmic ratio measured in
Db which compares the power reflected by the
antenna to the power that is fed into the antenna from
the transmission line. The relation between VSWR
and return loss is given by
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 =20𝑙𝑜𝑔10( 𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅/𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅−1)
III. Antenna Design and Analysis
MPAs have been studied extensively over
the past two decades because of its low profile
structure, light weight and low cost. They have many
advantages over conventional antennas, which make
them suitable for a wide variety of applications.
However, narrow bandwidth has been a major
drawback for this type of antennas, so the second part
of this paper is investigating the MPAs have been
studied extensively over the past two decades because
of its low profile structure, light weight and low cost.
They have many advantages over conventional
antennas, which make them suitable for a wide
variety of applications. However, narrow bandwidth
has been a major drawback for this type of antennas,
so the second part of this paper is investigating the
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antenna performance and improving antenna
bandwidth by applying the three spiral shapes ground
plane using the three feeding techniques for MPA
namely inset, offset and center line feed
In this design, we have study three different geometry
shapes the U, H and E from a patch of width (W) =
32mm and length (L) =24mm. The three proposed
antennas are simulated using Sonnet software, and
results compared with the conventional rectangular
patch antenna, and the shape with improve bandwidth
is adopted, and implemented. The bandwidth was
obtained where return loss is less than -10dB which is
an acceptable level to describe the loss of the power
which reflects back from the antenna without being
radiated. Figure 2, shows the geometry of
conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA).
The antenna is designed for the resonance frequency
of 2GHz. It consists of radiating patch of length L and
width W.
Figure 2. Rectangular Patch shape with Current
distribution and feed points
Figure 3. E-Patch shaped and with current
distribution feed points
Figure 4. U- Patch shape Antenna with Current
distribution and feed points
Figure 5. H-Patch shape Antenna with Current
distribution and feed points
Fig. 6, shows the variation of return loss
versus frequency plot of RMSA resonate at 2.1 GHz
of frequency which is close to the designed frequency
of 2GHz.
Figure 6. Simulated Return loss of Rectangular patch
Antenna
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 8), April 2014, pp.138-142
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Figure 7. Simulated Return loss of E-patch Antenna
Figure 8. Simulated Return loss of U- shape
Antenna
Figure 9. Simulated Return loss of H-shaped patch
Antenna
The percentage bandwidth of the
conventional RMSA (Rectangular Microstrip
Antenna)is observed 4.81% with bandwidth of
100MHz from experi, shows the variation of return
loss versus frequency of mental result.
Figure 6 E- shape patch antenna. The
antenna resonates at two bands of frequencies
1.74GHz and 2.49GHz. This development is as a
result of the slots. The overall bandwidth at (1.74GHz
and 2.49GHz) is found to be 28.89% (that is
630MHz). Figure 7, shows the variation of return loss
versus frequency of U-shaped patch antenna. The
antenna resonates at two bands of frequencies at
1.96GHz and 2.33GHz, due to the U-slots. The
overall bandwidth is 28.71 (that 610MHz). Figure 8,
shows the variation of return loss versus frequency of
H-shape patch antenna. The antenna resonates at two
bands of frequencies at 1.21GHz and 2.77GHz. The
overall bandwidth is 9.13% (that is 110MHz).[7].
Figure 6 and figure 7 give the highest
bandwidth of 28.89% (630MHz) and 28.71%
(610MHz) which is more than bandwidth of
conventional RMSA. The more increment in
bandwidth is result of insertion of slots used for the
construction of E and U-shape patches when compare
to RMSA. The current along the edges of the slot
induces an additional resonance, which adds to the
fundamental resonance of the radiating element that
helps to increase bandwidth [8].
IV. Conclusion
In this paper the aim was targated at
improving the bandwidth of microstrip antennas
constructed with dielectric material with higher
dielectric constant. We have selected three different
patch antennas and the simulated results compare
with the conventional microstrip patch antenna. The
results obtained clearly shows that bandwidth of
conventional RMSA(Rectangular Microstrip
Antenna) made with dielectric substrates having
higher dielectric constants can be improved using U
and E-shaped patch antenna. We have observed that
E-shaped patch antenna has highest bandwidth. In
this paper the aim was targated at improving the
bandwidth of microstrip antennas constructed with
dielectric material with higher dielectric constant. We
have selected three different patch antennas and the
simulated results compare with the conventional
microstrip patch antenna. The results obtained clearly
shows that bandwidth of conventional RMSA
(Rectangular Microstrip Antenna) made with
dielectric substrates having higher dielectric constants
can be improved using U and E-shaped patch
antenna. We have observed that E-shaped patch
antenna has highest bandwidth than U-shaped patch
antenna and H-shaped patch antenna alone for image
encryption so it can be used with other maps for
efficient encryption.
REFERENCES
[1]. S.K Behera, “Novel Tuned Rectangular
Patch Antenna as a load for phase power
combining” Ph.D Thesis, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata, India
5. Manju Saini et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 8), April 2014, pp.138-142
www.ijera.com 142 | P a g e
[2]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna,” Co-axial
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[3]. Sandeep Kumar, Suresh Sahni, Ugra Mohan
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Journal of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering , 2013, pp 94-98
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IJAEEE Volume-2, Issue-2, 2013, pp 9-14
[7]. K.P Ray, “Broadband, dual-frequency and
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Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay,
India, 1999.
[8]. G. Z Rafi and L. Shafai, “wider band V-
slotted diamond-Shaped microstrip patch