The document describes the design of a millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications operating at 28GHz. Key points: 1) A circular microstrip patch antenna was designed on Roger RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 0.508mm. 2) The antenna was simulated using HFSS and achieved over 7dB gain, bandwidth over 1GHz, and return loss below -15dB at the target frequency of 28GHz. 3) To further increase gain, a 1x4 circular patch antenna array was designed and is expected to improve performance over a single element for 5G communication systems.

1. MILLIMETER WAVE MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA FOR FUTURE 5G
APPLICATIONS
GUIDED BY
SANISH V S
Asst. professor
Dept of ECE, JCET
PRESENTED BY
GANA U KUMAR
JCE17ECCP03
S4 MTECH

2. OBJECTIVE
• To design a microstrip patch antenna for Ka-band (27-40GHz)
• For 5G application
• Operating frequency 28GHz
• Bandwidth > 1GHz
• Return loss > -15dB
• Gain > 7dB
• VSWR < 2dB

3. Microstrip Patch Antenna
Microstrip patch antenna consist of following basic components:
 Ground Plane
 Substrate plane
 Patch
 Microstrip Feed
•The patch is made of conducting material such as copper or gold of any possible
shape
• Dielectric substrate having different dielectric constant is used for fabrication
• Different design shapes and notches of the patch and cutting slots are used to get
better output.

4. CIRCULAR PATCH
• The modes supported by circular
patch antenna can be found by
treating the patch, ground plane and
the material between the two as a
circular cavity.
•Substrate height is small (h<<λ) are
TM۸z. Z is perpendicular to patch.
• Circular patch have only one degree of freedom to control i.e, radius of the
patch. It changes the absolute value of resonnant frequency of each.

5. FEEDING TECHNIQUE
Microstrip patch antenna can be feed by variety of methods. This method can be
classified in to two Contacting and non-contacting.
1.Microstrip Line Feed.
A conducting strip is connected to the edge of
the patch. The feed can be etched to the substrate
2. Capacitive Feeding
In this type of feeding the feeding is done to
small another patch instead of main radiating
patch

6. 3. Coaxial feeding
• Coaxial feed or probe feed is common technique is
used for feeding microstrip patch antennas
• The center conductor of the coaxial connector is
soldered to the patch.
4. Proximity Coupled Feed
• Fabrication of this feeding method is bit complicated
• Two dielectric substrates are used in this technique.
• The microstrip patch is there at the upper surface of the
upper dielectric substrate and the feed line is there
between two substrates

7. ANTENNA ARRAYS
• An antenna array(often called a ‘phased array’) is a set of two or more
antennas.
• The signals from the antennas are combined or processed in order to achieve
improved performance over that a single antenna.
The array can be used to:
increase the overall gain
provide diversity reception
cancel out interference from a particular set of directions
"steer" the array so that it is most sensitive in a particular direction
determine the direction of arrival of the incoming signals
to maximize the Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR)

8. CIRCULAR ARRAY
• A circular array is another arrangement that is commonly found in phased arrays
and recently, microwave beacon arrays The radius of the array is a.
• The angle between elements is assumed to be uniform.
• The circular arrays do not have edge elements.

9. • Circular arrays also have the capability to compensate the effect of mutual
coupling by breaking down the array excitation into a series of symmetrical spatial
components.
• Applications are radio direction finding, air and space navigation, underground
propagation, radar and sonar.
• Circular array can provide 2D angular scan both horizontally and vertically
Feeding Array Antennas
• In a parallel or corporate feed network, all the elements are feed in parallel from
a single source.
•The power splitters are realized using special RF power dividers, such as
Wilkinson power dividers, or lossless combiners.
• In a series-fed array, antennas are feed in series from a common source.

10. • In a series-fed array, antennas are feed in series from a common source
• An advantage of this type of array structure is that it implements something called
frequency scanning, since the beam will scan with frequency.
•Both concepts can be combined into a hybrid feed or parallel-series feed.
•Sub-arrays are formed as series-fed groups of elements, fed by a common signal
from a parallel feed structure.
•The parallel structure in turn allows the individual amplitudes/phases of the sub-
arrays to be controlled

11. 5G MILLIMETER WAVE ANTENNA
• In this range, 26 GHz and 28 GHz have emerged as two of the most important bands.
• The availability of much larger amounts of spectrum in the millimeter wave bands will
allow for ultra-high-speed mobile broadband services.
• 3GPP band refers to 26.5-29.5 GHz. It is commonly called 28 GHz.
•The whole range between 24.25 GHz and 29.5 GHz is important.

12. Features of 5G
• Less Traffic
•25Mbps Connectivity Speed
• Uploading and down loading speed of 5G touching the peak
• Better and fast solution
Advantages of 5G
• Data bandwidth of 1Gbps or higher
• Globally accessible
• Dynamic Information Access
• World wide cellular phones
• Extra ordinary data capabilities
• High connectivity

13. MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCY
• The mmWave technology is just one part of what future 5G networks will use.
• MMWave refers to a specific part of the radio frequency spectrum between 24GHz
and 100GHz, which have a very short wavelength

14. • The objective with mmWave is to increase the data bandwidth available over
smaller, densely populated areas.
• Wave length is between 10mm to 1mm
APPLICATIONS
• Scientific research
• Tele communications
• Weapons systems
• Security screening
• Thickness gauging
• Medicine
• Police speed radar

15. DESIGN APPROACH OF MICROSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA
In the typical design procedure of circular microstrip patch antenna, three essential
parameters are:
Frequency of operation (fo):
The resonant frequency of the antenna must be selected appropriately.
The antenna designed should be useful for 5G communication.
The 5G spectrum ranges from 26.5 to 29.5.
Hence the resonant frequency selected for design is 28GHz.

16. Dielectric constant of the substrate (ԑr):
High copper losses may occur due to using a very thin substrate while a thicker
substrate can degrade the performance of antenna due to surface waves.
In the proposed antenna design, a Roger RT-5880 substrate is used whose
dielectric constant is 2.2
Height of dielectric substrate (h):
For the microstrip patch antenna to be used in communication system, it is
essential that the antenna is not bulky.
Hence the height of dielectric substrate is 0.508mm

17. SOFTWARE USED
• HFSS is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures
from Ansys.

18. Features of HFSS:
Capabilities:
• Accurate full-wave EM simulation
• Import/export of 3D structures
• Direct and iterative matrix solvers 17
• Eigen mode matrix solver
Solution Data (Visualization):
• S-, Y-, Z-parameter matrix (2D plot, Smith Chart)
• Current, E-field, H-field (3D static and animated field
• plot in vector display or magnitude display)
• Far-field calculation (2D, 3D, gain, radiation pattern)
Ansoft terminology
The Ansoft HFSS window has several optional panels

19. Important steps in designing antenna are:
SUBSTRATE SELECTION
• The first important step in designing an antenna was the selection of the
substrate.
• The impedance matching and bandwidth of an antenna are highly influenced by
the parameters of substrate like height, dielectric constant and tangent loss (tanδ).
• The proposed antenna design, a Roger RT-5880 substrate is used whose
dimensions and electrical properties are given in Table below
Parameters values
Dielectric constant 2.2
Loss tangent 0.0013
Dimension 6×6mm
Substrate height 0.508mm

20. ANTENNA STRUCTURE AND DESIGN
Microstrip circular patch
• The circular microstrip antenna
offers a number of radiation pattern
options
• The actual radius of the circular
patch is calculated by the formula
given by

21. Rp = the radius of the patch
h = the height of the substrate
f = the resonance frequency in hertz
ε = the effective dielectric constant of substrate.
The procedure for designing a single circular patch antenna can be summarized by
the following steps:
 Choose the substrate material. Here the material used is Rogers RT/duroid 5880
with ԑr =2.2.

22.  Decide the frequency range and the resonant frequency where the antenna
want to resonate. That is fo=28GHz.
Select height of the substrate and patch material.
Calculate length and width of ground plame using antenna calculator.
Decide the feeding technique which is well suited for the design.
Design an antenna using HFSS simulation software using all above values.
Observe simulated return loss by varying different parameters until get the
desired return loss.
Observe the simulation results

23. Parameter Description Value
fo Operating frequency 28GHz
Ls Substrate Length 6mm
Ws Substrate width 6mm
H Substrate height 0.508mm
Rp Patch radius 2.02mm
Mt Patch Height 0.035mm
Wf Feed line Width 0.38mm
Lg Ground Length 6mm
Wg Ground width 6mm
Design dimensions of the proposed circular patch antenna operating at 28GHz

24. The proposed antenna design. (a) Front view, (b) back view and (c)
perspective view

25. CIRCULAR ARRAY DESIGN
• An antenna array (often called a 'phased array') is a set of 2 or more antennas.
• The signals from the antennas are combined or processed in order to achieve
improved performance over that of a single antenna.
• An antenna array is a set of individual antennas used for transmitting and/or
receiving radio waves, connected together in such a way that their individual
currents are in a specified amplitude and phase relationship.
Why Micro strip Patch Antennas Array is been used?
The antenna array can be used to:
• Increase the overall gain
• Provide diversity reception

26. • Cancel out interference from a particular set of directions
• "Steer" the array so that it is most sensitive in a particular direction
• Determine the direction of arrival of the incoming signals
• To maximize the Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR)
Array Design
•For the aim of achieving more gain for 5G Mobile communication
applications, a series array of 1×4 elements is implemented.
•The array is fed at the centre, and the configurations is shown in Figure below.

27. • The array resonates at 28GHz respectively.
• All elements of the array resonate at the same frequency and are designed for
radiation in broadside direction.
• The array is split into two linear sub arrays and fed in the middle.
• Unit cells are kept 4.4mm apart for the necessary prevention of the interference.
•The array is fed with center series fed technique.
Parameters Description Value
D Distance b/w unit
cells
4.4
Wa Array width 31
La Array length 7
Wf Centre fed 1
Wf1 = Wf2 Series fed 0.19

28. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
• The simulated and measured results of the proposed unit cell design of the
antenna are discussed
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
• The simulated microstrip patch antennas is shown in the figure.
• A single circular microstrip patch antenna and its array is been simulated by
using HFSS software
• Here substrate material used is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 height is h= 0.508mm
ԑr=2.2.

29. Simulated Single Microstrip Circular Patch
Antenna

30. Simulated Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna Array

31. RETURN LOSS
•Return loss is the ratio of incident power to the reflected power of an antenna in
decibels (dB).
•Return loss of an antenna is represented by S11 (dB). For an antenna to
perform in effective way, S11 (dB) should be less than−10dB.
•The proposed antenna has S11 (dB) of −18dB at 28GHz, and array of the
suggested antenna has return losses of −16dB at 28GHz . Graphs of both the
unit cell and 1×4 array configurations are given in Figure.

32. Return Loss of Unit Cell Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna

33. Return Loss of Circular Array

34. VSWR
• VSWR Impedance matching of the antenna and transmission line is a key
factor in evaluating the antenna performance.
• VSWR parameter defines how well the impedance of antenna is matched with
transmission line by taking the ratio of the reflected maximum and minimum
voltage wave.
• A value of VSWR ≤ 2 is considered as the main requirement.

35. VSWR Plot For Unit Cell Circular Microstrip Patch
Antenna

36. VSWR Plot For Microstrip Circular Patch Array

37. VSWR obtained by adjusting center frequency of antenna

38. 3D Gain Plots of the Proposed Antenna
•Antenna gain is defined as the radio between the radiation intensity in a given
particular direction and total input power.
• The radiation intensity Unexpressed the power radiated per solid angle.
• Microstrip unit cell circular patch antennas can provide gain of 7.78dB.
• Circular array can provide gain of 8.90dB.

39. 3D Gain Plot Of Unit Cell Microstrip Patch Antenna

40. 3D Gain Plot Of Circular Patch Antenna Array

41. RADIATION PATTERN
• A radiation pattern defined as the variation of the power radiation from an
antenna which is away from the antenna.
Radiation Pattern of Unit cell Circular Patch Antenna

42. Radiation Pattern Of Circular Array

43. CONCLUSION
• The main goal of this project is to design and develop 5G antenna and it’s
array.
• A circular microstrip patch antenna with its array is presented for possible
future 5G applications.
• The basics of microstrip fractal antenna are studied in detail and all the
design considerations of the antenna is been examined.
• Thus here size reduction along with the large bandwidth and high gain are the
major considerations for designing the antenna.
• The 5G antenna is designed in an operating frequency 28GHz and simulated.
The various design parameters such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern
and gain are obtained using simulation.

44. • The antenna is further configured to an array of 1 × 4 linear elements to make it
suitable for 5G mobile communication systems.
• This simple design is achieved on a Rogers 5880 substrate which resonates at
millimeter-wave frequencies of 28GHz as a unit cell and with an array.
• These antennas can be used for 5G applications.
• The Millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna are simulated and can be further
fabricated for 5G applications.

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