Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
Fundamentals of microwave communication system and radar systemssabesh chaudhary
This presentation educates about the basics of microwave engineerinng and RADAR engineering which must be valuable for the students of Engineering (EEE, ECE Aeronautical Engg. etc) to get the insight of related subjects.
This ppt describes the ways of designing a fractal antenna , it's limitations and advantages over normal antennas and the applications associated with it.(brief view)...
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
Fundamentals of microwave communication system and radar systemssabesh chaudhary
This presentation educates about the basics of microwave engineerinng and RADAR engineering which must be valuable for the students of Engineering (EEE, ECE Aeronautical Engg. etc) to get the insight of related subjects.
This ppt describes the ways of designing a fractal antenna , it's limitations and advantages over normal antennas and the applications associated with it.(brief view)...
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas Tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
HFSS ANTENNA FOR KU BAND WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURESAKSHAT GANGWAR
A wide band Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd structure. A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is proposed for Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Accurate design equations are presented for the wideband Microstrip antenna and theoretical analysis is done for the proposed structure. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which covers Ku-band and partially X-band. The antenna shows good radiation characteristics within the entire band, and has a gain ranging from 5 dBi to 12.08 dBi. Minimum isolation between co-polar and cross-polarization level of 20 dB and 15 dB is achieved in H-plane and E-plane respectively. The simulation of the proposed antenna is done on HFSS v.13, and measured results of fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
A new configuration of patch antenna array for rectenna array applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas made them a field of interest for wireless power transmission applications, especially for rectenna systems where the choice of the antenna is a crucial step. In this paper, a 5.8 GHz circularly polarized patch antenna has been designed and fabricated, then mounted by using 4 elements to achieve an antenna array to enhance the captured power to be converted by the rectifier circuit. The antenna array is well matched at 5.8 GHz in terms of reflection coefficient and has a directivity of 11 dB and a gain of 6 dB. Results have been confirmed by fabrication.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas Tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
HFSS ANTENNA FOR KU BAND WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURESAKSHAT GANGWAR
A wide band Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd structure. A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is proposed for Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Accurate design equations are presented for the wideband Microstrip antenna and theoretical analysis is done for the proposed structure. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which covers Ku-band and partially X-band. The antenna shows good radiation characteristics within the entire band, and has a gain ranging from 5 dBi to 12.08 dBi. Minimum isolation between co-polar and cross-polarization level of 20 dB and 15 dB is achieved in H-plane and E-plane respectively. The simulation of the proposed antenna is done on HFSS v.13, and measured results of fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
A new configuration of patch antenna array for rectenna array applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas made them a field of interest for wireless power transmission applications, especially for rectenna systems where the choice of the antenna is a crucial step. In this paper, a 5.8 GHz circularly polarized patch antenna has been designed and fabricated, then mounted by using 4 elements to achieve an antenna array to enhance the captured power to be converted by the rectifier circuit. The antenna array is well matched at 5.8 GHz in terms of reflection coefficient and has a directivity of 11 dB and a gain of 6 dB. Results have been confirmed by fabrication.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
Microstrip_patch_antenna_design.ppt
1. Design of Micro-strip slot
Antenna with polarization
PRESENTED BY :-
V. Prabhu kiran (13003306)
K. Sri Charan reddy(13003350)
Under the kind guidance of ,
Dr T. V. RAMAKRISHNA
3. AIM & OBJECTIVES
O To study Micro-strip Patch Antenna.
O To design and implement this antenna
using the software HFSS, v 13.0 .
4. How does an antenna work ?
•Antenna is one type of
transducer that converts the
electrical energy into the
electro-magnetic energy in
form of electromagnetic
waves.
•Antennas are required by
any radio receiver or
transmitter to couple its
electrical connection to the
electromagnetic field.
6. Overview of micro-strip
Antenna
O Developed after revolution in Electronic
Circuit Miniaturization & LSI in 1970.
O Used on rockets & missiles previously.
O Designer’s choice.
7. Micro-strip Patch Antenna
What is Micro-strip Antenna ?
A Micro-strip patch antenna
consists of a radiating patch
on one side of a dielectric
substrate which has a ground
plane on the other side.
Invented by Bob Munson
in 1972 (but earlier work
by Dechamps goes back
to1953).
8. Different Parameters of Micro-
strip Antenna
OL = Length of the Micro-
strip Patch Element
OW = Width of the Micro-
strip Patch Element
Ot= Thickness of Patch
Oh = Height of the Dielectric
Substrate.
9. Basic Principles of Operation
•The patch acts approximately
as a resonant cavity (short
circuit walls on top and
bottom, open-circuit walls on
the sides).
•In a cavity, only certain
modes are allowed to exist, at
different resonant frequencies.
• If the antenna is excited at a
resonant frequency, a strong
field is set up inside the
cavity, and a strong current on
the (bottom) surface of the
patch. This produces
significant radiation (a good
antenna).
11. Advantages of Micro-strip Patch
Antenna
•Light weight and low volume.
• Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made
conformal to host surface.
• Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large
quantities.
• Supports both, linear as well as circular polarization.
• Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits
(MICs).
•Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.
• Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces.
12. Disadvantages:-
•Narrow bandwidth
•Low efficiency
•Low Gain
•Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions
•Poor end fire radiator except tapered slot antennas
• Low power handling capacity.
• Surface wave excitation.
13. Feed Techniques:-
Micro-strip antenna can be feed by variety of methods.
This methods can be classified into two categories-
contacting and non-contacting. The foremost popular
feed techniques used are :-
O Micro-strip line.
O Co-axial probe
O Aperture coupling
O Proximity coupling
14. Software used to design Micro-strip
Patch Antenna
OHFSS is commercial finite
element
Omethod solver for electromagnetic
OStructures.from Anasys Corp.
OHFSS stands for High Frequency
OStructural Simulator. It is one of
the
OSeveral commercial tools used for
Oantenna design . It was developed
Oby Prof. Zontal Cendes and his
Ostudents at Carnegie Mellon
Univ.
Oin the year 1989.
15. The Design Specifications:-
• Dielectric constant(εr)=
2.2 ≤ εr≤ 12.
•Frequency (fr) = 1.85 to
1.90 GHz
•Height (h) = 0.003
λo≤h≤0.05 λo
• Velocity of light (c) =
3×10^8 ms-1 .
•Practical width (W) = W<
λo , , where λo is the free-
space wavelength
•Practical Length (L) =
0.3333λo< L < 0.5 λo
26. APPLICATIONS
• The use of micro-strip
antennas for integrated
phased array systems.
• Used in GPS (Sat.
Navigational System)
technology.
• Mobile satellite
communications, the
Direct Broadcast Satellite
(DBS) system & remote
sensing.
• Non-satellite based
applications- such as
medical hyperthermia.
27. CONCLUSION
OThe design of patch
antenna using ANSOFT
HFSS Software has been
shown here. Our project
on Design of Microstrip
Antenna which is based
on Microstrip Feed Line
Technique.
OMany more design
options and impletation
techniques are available.
