Serializer
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This document outlines the design of a serializer circuit. It discusses the fundamentals of serial links and phase locked loops (PLLs), including phase frequency detectors (PFDs), charge pumps, voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs), and dividers. It also covers serializer cells, circuits, and output drivers. Simulation results are presented on PLL parameters like bandwidth and jitter. The design is aimed at serial data transmission rates of 1.6Gbps and above.
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A high speed low power consumption positive edge triggered Delayed (D) flip-flop was designed for increasing the speed of counter in Phase locked loop, using 180 nm CMOS technology. The designed counter has been used in the divider chip of the phase locked loop. A divide counter is required in the feedback loop to increase the VCO frequency above the input reference frequency. The proposed circuit is faster than conventional circuit as it has fast reset operation. The circuit consumes less power as it prevents short circuit power consumption. The circuit operates at 1.8V power supply. This work has been used in the design. of 2.4 GHz CMOS PLL targeting OFDM application. The CMOS based fast D-ff circuit has designed and simulated by Virtuoso tool of CADENCE spectre
Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump for Low Jitter PLL Applications
In this paper a new technique is presented to improve the jitter performance of conventional phase frequency detectors by completely removing the unnecessary one-shot pulse. This technique uses a variable pulse-height circuit to control the unnecessary one-shot pulse height. In addition, a novel charge-pump circuit with perfect current-matching characteristics is used to improve the output jitter performance of conventional charge pumps. This circuit is composed of a pair of symmetrical pump circuits to obtain a good current matching. As a result, the proposed charge-pump circuit has perfect current-matching characteristics, wide output range, no glitch output current, and no jump output voltage. In order to verify such operation, circuit simulation is performed using 0.18 μm CMOS process parameters.
Spur Reduction Of MB-OFDM UWB System using CMOS Frequency Synthesizer
This document presents a design for an all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) frequency synthesizer to reduce spurs in an MB-OFDM UWB system. The proposed design replaces an analog PLL with an ADPLL composed of fully digital components. It includes a phase frequency detector, time-to-digital converter, digitally controlled oscillator, and frequency divider. Simulation results show the ADPLL locks the reference clock frequency and reduces spurs through multiplexing and mixing stages. The ADPLL approach overcomes limitations of analog PLL designs and allows for lower power consumption and reduced noise compared to traditional analog implementations.
077 c211
This document discusses the implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for a three-phase voltage source inverter using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). SVPWM techniques offer benefits over traditional sinusoidal PWM like reduced total harmonic distortion and improved voltage transfer. The FPGA implementation involves developing VHDL code to determine the switching times of the inverter transistors based on the reference voltage vector. Simulation results show the output line voltages and currents generated by the FPGA-controlled inverter driving an induction motor load have low distortion. FPGA implementation provides advantages over microprocessors like compact size, reliability, and fast design changes.
Dissertation on lv pll by dhwani sametrya
one of the famous Silicon Valley golden rules which state “Higher the clock frequency, Greater the power consumption”. Digging deep into deep submicron CMOS technology, there are design and power management challenges present for Analog and Mixed Signal devices such as PLL and it is very much important to optimize PLL to create a successful and power optimized system. Here, ALF CP PLL is designed in a way that it can operate on low supply voltage but with a 20% reduction in the overall power consumption. The PLL output frequency can be tuned from 80 MHz to 330 MHz and at 350 MHz PLL consumes 190μW at 1V of supply.
research_report (1)
This document simulates a charge pump phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer using Simulink. It generates an output frequency of 500MHz from an input of 25MHz. All PLL blocks like the phase frequency detector, charge pump filter, and voltage controlled oscillator are modeled in Simulink. Simulation results show the PLL locks in 0.8 microseconds with a phase margin of 56 degrees. The PLL exhibits stable operation with an output voltage of 0.9V from a 1V power supply.
IRJET-Design of Charge Pump for PLL with Reduction In Current Mismatch and Va...
The document describes the design of an improved charge pump circuit for phase locked loops (PLLs) with reduced current mismatch and variation. A current steering topology is used along with a feedback loop and compensation circuit. The proposed charge pump was designed in 180nm CMOS technology and simulated using Cadence. It achieved a current mismatch between 10-21%, flat output current over a 0.514V output voltage variation, and an output voltage swing of 1.525V. This represents an improvement over conventional charge pump designs in terms reducing current variation and extending the output voltage range.
upload2
This document summarizes a wide-range frequency synthesizer using a phase-rotating technique for digital TV tuners. Key points:
- The synthesizer was fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS and can provide frequencies from 55-960 MHz to satisfy ATSC specifications using an LC-VCO and band selection.
- It achieves fractional functionality using a phase-rotating concept instead of a conventional ΔΣ interpolation to reduce hardware complexity and power consumption.
- Measured results showed a phase noise of -123 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and lock time below 6 μs from 640-930 MHz.
Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.11 standard WLAN through MWTPP
The main goal of this work is to achieve the energy efficiency in 802.11 WLAN through minimizing
the energy consumption in the network. In this proposed study, we introduced a modification in PCF for
enhancing the performance of WLAN and it is achieved by giving a new definition for the PCF function of
transmission. Generally, in PCF the way AP transmits for the various nodes is one-way during the process of
polling. The proposed function modification for PCF enhances the IEEE 802.11 standard PCF Multi-Way
Transmission PCF Protocol (MWTPP) with an improved version MWTPP it gives a low-complexity mechanism
by which the active and non-active stations in the BSS save energy during the process of polling. With the
inception of MWTPP transmissions are taken place in multi-way the access to the WLAN channel for mobile
nodes in the list generated for polling with the SIFS interval whenever the transmission in receiving data packet
from AP.
Thesis presentation
The document summarizes the design, analysis, and simulation of a Schottky diode-based sampling circuit for a 40 Gbps electronic time-division demultiplexer. The circuit uses a double diode configuration for sampling and undersampling theory to demultiplex the input signal. Bandwidth optimization is performed through analytic calculations and simulations. Layout design achieves 55 GHz bandwidth with a distance of 250 um between the capacitor and diode. Flip-chip bonding affects performance above 50 GHz. Future work includes using diodes with lower capacitance and compensating for flip-chip effects above 40 Gbps.
PLL
This document describes the design and implementation of a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer using Verilog on an FPGA. It discusses how PLLs are used in digital signal processing applications to generate stable clock signals. The key components of a PLL - phase detector, voltage-controlled oscillator, and loop filter - are explained. Finally, the document provides the Verilog code to model a PLL and a test bench to validate the design.
DESIGN OF DIGITAL PLL USING OPTIMIZED PHASE NOISE VCO
In order to keep electronic world properly PLL plays a very important role. Designing of low
phase noise and less jittery PLL in generation of clock signals is an important task. Clock signals
are required for providing reference timing to electrical system and also to ICs. So in this paper
PLL is designed with improved Phase noise and also jitter. Where such types of design is
important when sophisticated timing requirements are needed to provide synchronization and
distribution of clocks like in ADC, DAC, high speed networking, medical imaging systems. The
clock signal’s quality depends upon jitter and phase noise. An ideal clock source has zero phase
noise and jitter but in reality it has some modulated phase noise. This modulated phase noise
spreads the power to the adjacent frequencies, hence produces noise sidebands. The phase noise
is typically frequency domain analysis which is expressed in terms of dBc/Hz measured at offset
frequency with respect to ideal clock frequency. The low phase noise is important factor mainly
in RF and ADC applications. In RF wireless high speed applications, increased PN will leads to
channel to channel interference, attenuates quality of signal. In ADC, increased PN limits the
SNR and data converter’s equivalent no. of bits (ENOB). Jitter is time domain meas
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new high-speed, low power consumption D flip-flop circuit for use in phase frequency detectors and frequency dividers in phase locked loops. The proposed D flip-flop circuit was designed in UMC 180nm CMOS technology and simulated using CADENCE. Simulation results showed the proposed circuit has faster operation and lower power consumption compared to a conventional D flip-flop circuit. The proposed D flip-flop was also used to design frequency divider circuits for divide ratios of 2 and 64, which were also simulated to validate the design.
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) and Frequency divider are indispensable modules of PLL,
which uses D flip-flop as an integral part. This paper focus on design of High-Speed, Low Power
Consumption D Flip-Flop for High Speed Phase Frequency Detector and Frequency divider. The
designed Frequency divider has been used in the divider counter of the phase locked loop. A divide
counter is required in the feedback loop to scales down the frequency of the VCO output signal. The
conventional and proposed D-Flip flop has been designed in UMC 180nm CMOS Technology with
supply voltage 1.8 using CADENCE spectre tool. Virtuoso Analog Design Environment tool of
Cadence have used to design and simulate schematic. This work has been used in the design of 2.4
GHz CMOS PLL targeting Frequency Multiplier application. The proposed D flip flop circuit is
faster than the conventional circuit as it has fast reset operation. The circuit consumes less power as
it prevents short circuit power consumption.
F1103043642
This document presents an optimized synchronous technique for a single-phase enhanced phase locked loop (EPLL). It compares the performance of a first-order adaptive notch filter (ANF) and a second-order ANF in the EPLL design. Simulation results show that under normal operating conditions and various fault scenarios, the second-order ANF-based PLL provides faster locking, less oscillation in the error signal, and lower integration error values compared to the first-order ANF design. The second-order ANF design demonstrates better immunity and accuracy in phase tracking.
Df34655661
This document discusses the design of high frequency 32/33 prescalers using a 2/3 prescaler technique. It analyzes different types of flip-flops that can be used in prescaler circuits including master-slave, pulse-triggered, differential, and dual-edge triggered. Dual-edge triggered and pulse-triggered flip-flops are determined to be unsuitable for prescaler circuits. Various implementations of divide-by-2/3 prescalers using true single phase clock (TSPC) and extended TSPC (ETSPC) flip-flops are presented and compared in terms of operating frequency, power, delay, and power-delay product. Simulation results show that ETSPC designs
A 20 gbs injection locked clock and data recovery circuit
This paper presents a 20 Gb/s injection-locked clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for burst mode
applications. Utilizing a half rate injection-locked oscillator (ILO) in the proposed CDR circuit leads to
higher speed operation and lower power consumption. In addition, to accommodate process, voltage, and
temperature (PVT) variations and to increase the lock range, a frequency locked loop is proposed to use in
this circuit. The circuit is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS and the simulations for 27-1 pseudo random bit
sequence (PRBS) show that the circuit consumes 55.3 mW at 20 Gb/s, while the recovered clock rms jitter
is 1.1 ps
Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications
An ASIC design of Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector(DET PD) for Delay locked loop(DLL) and Phase locked loop(PLL) applications is proposed in this paper.The proposed DET PD has high locking speed and less jitter. The designs are based on TSPC flip flop logic, which overcomes the issue of narrow capture range. The Double edge triggered phase detector dissipates less power than conventional designs and can be operated at a frequency range of 250MHz to 1GHz.The proposed DET-PD is designed using 180nm CMOS process technology at a 1.8V supply voltage in cadence virtuoso and circuit simulated in cadence spectre.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Clock and Data Recovery Circuits using Multile...
This document discusses several techniques for improving the performance of clock and data recovery circuits. It describes a multi-level half-rate phase detector that offers a trade-off between linear and bang-bang phase detection, providing multiple quantization levels to better control the voltage-controlled oscillator. It also presents an adaptive loop gain strategy for clock and data recovery circuits that enhances jitter performance. Additionally, it proposes a built-in jitter measurement circuit using calibration techniques to reduce timing resolution variations and improve measurement accuracy.
Similar to Serializer (20)
enhancement of low power pulse triggered flip-flop design based on signal fee...
enhancement of low power pulse triggered flip-flop design based on signal fee...
A High-Speed, Low Power Consumption Positive Edge Triggered D Flip-Flop for H...
A High-Speed, Low Power Consumption Positive Edge Triggered D Flip-Flop for H...
Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump for Low Jitter PLL Applications
Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump for Low Jitter PLL Applications
Spur Reduction Of MB-OFDM UWB System using CMOS Frequency Synthesizer
Spur Reduction Of MB-OFDM UWB System using CMOS Frequency Synthesizer
IRJET-Design of Charge Pump for PLL with Reduction In Current Mismatch and Va...
IRJET-Design of Charge Pump for PLL with Reduction In Current Mismatch and Va...
Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.11 standard WLAN through MWTPP
Energy Efficiency in IEEE 802.11 standard WLAN through MWTPP
DESIGN OF DIGITAL PLL USING OPTIMIZED PHASE NOISE VCO
DESIGN OF DIGITAL PLL USING OPTIMIZED PHASE NOISE VCO
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
A high speed low power consumption d flip flop for high speed phase frequency...
A 20 gbs injection locked clock and data recovery circuit
A 20 gbs injection locked clock and data recovery circuit
Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications
Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Clock and Data Recovery Circuits using Multile...
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Clock and Data Recovery Circuits using Multile...
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This document outlines requirements and frameworks for hardware/software co-design verification including using a simulator for co-simulation of hardware and software with a unit testing framework in Python, implementing a regression framework in Jenkins for running daily jobs and reporting results, and providing examples for hardware/software co-design verification using tools like MyHDL, as well as references Python and Perl projects.
Uvm presentation dac2011_final
The document describes a workshop on Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) that will cover UVM concepts and techniques for verifying blocks, IP, SOCs, and systems. The workshop agenda includes presentations on UVM concepts and architecture, sequences and phasing, TLM2 and register packages, and putting together UVM testbenches. The workshop is organized by Dennis Brophy, Stan Krolikoski, and Yatin Trivedi and will take place on June 5, 2011 in San Diego, CA.
Uvm dcon2013
John Aynsley provides an in-depth overview of advanced UVM concepts including sequences and sequencers, virtual sequences, layered sequencers for request-response transactions, and strategies for synchronizing multiple sequencer stacks. The document discusses techniques for modeling pipelined interfaces, out-of-order responses, and idle cycles in a driver. It also examines the arbitration queue, user-defined arbitration algorithms, locking versus grabbing sequences, and using events to synchronize different components.
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The document discusses system partitioning for designing interconnected hardware components. It describes different types of partitioning including structural, functional, and granularity partitioning. Automatic partitioning approaches include constructive clustering and iterative transformation-based methods. Hierarchical clustering is a constructive approach that groups objects into partitions based on closeness metrics. Transformation-based methods perform neighborhood searches using algorithms like Kernighan-Lin and simulated annealing to optimize an objective function. Hardware-software partitioning aims to maximize performance by mapping computation-intensive processes to hardware while minimizing communication between hardware and software components.
0015.register allocation-graph-coloring
The document discusses register allocation techniques used by compilers to optimize code generation. It describes how register allocation works by constructing a register interference graph and using graph coloring algorithms to assign temporaries to a limited number of machine registers. When graph coloring fails to find a solution, spilling of temporaries is used to reduce interferences and allow coloring. Cache optimization is also briefly covered.
0006.scheduling not-ilp-not-force
The document discusses scheduling algorithms for hardware synthesis. It describes different types of scheduling problems including unconstrained scheduling, scheduling with timing constraints, and scheduling with resource constraints. It provides examples of algorithms for each type, such as ASAP for unconstrained scheduling, and Bellman-Ford and Liao-Wong algorithms for scheduling under detailed timing constraints. The goal of scheduling is to assign start times to operations under given constraints to optimize area and latency.
Lecture07
The document discusses static single assignment (SSA) form, a program representation where each variable is assigned only once. SSA form makes data flow analysis simpler by explicitly representing value definitions and merges. The transformation to SSA form involves inserting φ-functions to merge multiple reaching definitions at control flow merges, and renaming variables. Different approaches to placing φ-functions are minimal, Briggs-minimal, and pruned SSA. Briggs-minimal may add φ-functions that pruned SSA omits if they are dead.
Lecture04
The document introduces data-flow analysis, which derives information about a program's dynamic behavior by examining its static code. It discusses liveness analysis, which determines whether a variable is live (will be used in the future) or dead at a given point. The concepts of control flow graphs, uses/defs, and solving the data-flow equations through iterative analysis are explained. An example liveness analysis is worked through to demonstrate the process.
Lecture03
Control-flow analysis discovers the flow of control within code by building basic blocks and a control-flow graph (CFG). It identifies loops by computing dominators. Basic blocks are sequences of straight-line code with a single entry and exit. A CFG represents control flow with nodes for basic blocks and edges for control transfers. Loops are detected by finding natural loops defined by back edges where the target dominates the source.
Dominator tree
1) The document discusses dominator trees and feedback cuts for a graph.
2) It provides the pre-order and post-order traversals for the dominator tree and post dominator tree of the graph.
3) The document also presents the total time complexity of O(N+E*D) for an algorithm to compute dominator sets, where N is the graph size, E is the number of edges, and D is the size of the largest dominator set.
Work items
This document contains summaries of various work items including:
1. ATPG work including converting test patterns between different formats and enhancing path delay testing.
2. CPU testing including developing test suites for different CPU performance bins and optimizing the test flow.
3. JTAG work including developing a software solution and using JTAG for debugging.
4. External work for ARM including developing system models and an emulator for the ARM bus architecture and cross compilers.
Work items
This document contains summaries of various work items including:
1. ATPG work including converting test patterns between different formats and enhancing path delay testing.
2. CPU testing including developing test suites for different CPU performance bins and optimizing the test flow.
3. JTAG work including developing a software solution and using JTAG for debugging.
4. External work for ARM including developing system models and an emulator for the ARM bus architecture and cross compilers.
ocelot
The document describes several passes that are performed by PTXOptimizer to optimize PTX code for GPU execution. The passes include subkernel formation, barrier removal, register allocation, and MIMD thread scheduling. The goals of the passes are to reduce kernel loading time, reduce thread waiting at barriers, increase data sharing between threads, and enable more parallel thread execution.
Lect.10.arm soc.4 neon
ARM was founded in 1990 and developed the first ARM processor in 1985. Key developments include the ARM2 commercial processor in the 1980s, the ARM7 used in early Nokia phones in the 1990s, and the modern Cortex-A9 which provides improved performance and power efficiency through features like out-of-order execution and cache hierarchies. NEON is ARM's SIMD architecture extension for improved media and signal processing, and it is now widely used in mobile software from Android to ffmpeg to accelerate tasks like video encoding and FFTs.
Image scalar hw_algorithm
The document discusses an image scalar hardware algorithm and proposes improvements. It analyzes issues with the current approach of no burst support and non-continuous addressing. It suggests adding burst mode support to increase efficiency, allow easier idle states, and reduce bus access time. This would help pipeline the computation and decrease hardware resource needs with buffering.
Virtual platform
This document discusses building a virtual platform for the OpenRISC architecture using SystemC and transaction-level modeling. It covers setting up the toolchain, writing test programs, and simulating the platform using event-driven or cycle-accurate simulation with Icarus Verilog or the Vorpsoc simulator. The virtual platform allows fast development and debugging of OpenRISC code without requiring physical hardware.
Spi
The document provides an overview of the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus including its definition, protocol, and use in iBoot.
The SPI bus is a synchronous serial data standard that uses four signals - Serial Clock, Master Output/Slave Input, Master Input/Slave Output, and Slave Select. It allows for a single master with one or more slave devices.
iBoot uses SPI for communication and defines registers, buffers, and methods for controlling the SPI clock, installing interrupts, and transferring data. References are provided for more information on SPI and iBoot.
Defense
The document proposes a design automation tool that represents a system from the behavioral level down to the transaction level for virtual bus-based platforms. It aims to allow for rapid system exploration and speed up simulation cycles by translating from behavioral descriptions to transaction-level models. Previous works are discussed that did not consider communication aspects. The proposed tool features a representation, design flow, block-level methodology for reducing computation and communication, and a translation process from control/data flow graphs to a transaction-level SystemC implementation.
Defense
The document proposes a design automation tool that represents a system from the behavioral level down to the transaction level for virtual bus-based platforms. It aims to allow for rapid system exploration and speed up the design process. Previous works are discussed that did not consider communication issues or allow automatic generation. The proposed tool includes representations of control and data flow, a design flow from block to system level, and methodologies for reducing computation and communication with translations to transaction level models.
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Serializer
- 4. Fundamental of serial links
- 5. Fundamental of serial links
- 6. Fundamental of PLL
- 11. Fundamental of charge pump
- 12. Simulation of charge pump
- 13. PLL with freq domain
- 19. VCO delay cell
- 21. VCO differential to single end
- 25. Divider
- 26. Divide by 8
- 30. The structure of PLL
- 31. serializer
- 32. PRBS
- 36. Serializer cell
- 39. Output driver