This document provides an overview of missile technology, including: - The history of missiles dating back to medieval China and their use by Indian rulers against British forces. - The key components of missiles like warheads, guidance systems, and propulsion systems. - Types of missiles classified by range, propulsion, and guidance systems. - India's indigenous missile programs and missiles like Prithvi, Agni, Akash, Dhanush, and the supersonic BrahMos cruise missile developed with Russia. - The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program established in the 1980s that developed India's strategic missiles and concluded successfully in 2008.

1. SEMINAR
ON
“MISSILE TECHNOLOGY”
-ASHWANI KUMAR (04413304912)
-RAHUL RANJAN (04713304912)

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History Of Missiles
• Missile Components
• Classification Of Missiles
• Missiles In Modern India
• National & International Scenario
• Integrated Guided Missile Development Program
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• The word missile comes from the Latin verb mittere, literally means "to send".
• A flying weapon that has its own engine so that it can travel a long distance
before exploding at the place that it has been aimed at .
• Missiles differ from rockets by virtue of a guidance system that steers them towards a
pre-selected target.
WORKING PRINCIPLE :
• The working of a missile is based on the Newton’s Third Law i.e. Action and reaction are
equal and opposite
• The propulsion of a missile is achieved with the help of a rocket engine. It produces
thrust by ejecting very hot gaseous matter, called propellant.
• The hot gases are produced in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine by
chemical reactions.
• The propellant is exhausted through a nozzle at a high speed. This exhaust causes the
missile to move in the opposite direction (Newton's third law).

4. HISTORY OF MISSILES
• Missiles were invented in medieval China (1044 AD) ,but its first practical use for
serious purpose took place in 1232 AD by the Chinese against the Mongols.
• There after Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan (Sultan of Mysore in south India) perfected
the rocket's use for military purposes, very effectively using it in war against
British colonial armies.
• At the Battle of Seringapatanam in 1792, Indian soldiers launched a huge barrage
of missiles against British troops, followed by a huge massacre of British forces.

5. MISSILE COMPONENTS
• Guided missiles are made up of a series of sub-assemblies. The major sections are carefully joined
and connected to each other. They form the complete missile assembly.
• Themajorcomponentsofa missile are:
WARHEAD
FUZE CONDUCTOR
GUIDANCESYSTEM
PROPULSIONSYSTEM
FINS

7. WARHEAD
-A warhead is an explosive device used in military conflicts, used
to destroy enemy vehicles or buildings.
-Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile , rocket or torpedo.
It consists of the explosive material, and a detonator.
Types of warhead :-
Explosive: An explosive charge is used to disintegrate the
target, and damage surrounding areas
Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as nerve gas is dispersed,
which is designed to injure or kill human beings.
Biological: An infectious agent, such as anthrax is dispersed,
which is designed to sicken and kill humans.
Nuclear: A runaway nuclear fission or fusion reaction causes
immense energy release.
Fragmentation: Metal fragments are projected at high velocity
to cause damage or injury.

8. FUZE CONDUCTOR
It includes those devices and arrangements that cause the missile's payload to function in
proper relation to the target.
There are three general types of fuzes used in guided missiles :
1.Proximity Fuzes
2.Impact Fuzes
3.Altitude Fuzes
GUIDANCE SYSTEM
• Guidance is that aspect of a missile system which helps it to decide the direction in which the
missile should move. Generally this decision has to be taken at very short intervals of
time(I/50th of a second) during the flight of the missile.
• The different types of guidance are :
Command guidance
Homing or seeker guidance
Laser guidance
Inertial guidance
Stellar guidance

9. Some methods of target detection are:-
Laser Guidance - A laser designator device
calculates relative position to a highlighted
target. Most are familiar with the military uses
of the technology on Laser-guided bomb. The
space shuttle crew leverages a hand held
device to feed information into rendezvous
planning. The primary limitation on this device
is that it requires a line of sight between the
target and the designator.
Terrain contour matching (TERCOM)- This
method uses a ground scanning radar to
"match" topography against digital map data
to fix current position.

10. PROPULSION SYSTEM
• Propulsion is the means of providing power to accelerate the missile body and sustain, if
necessary, to reach the required target. The basis for the working of missile propulsion systems
are the well-known Newton's laws of motion.
• The propulsion of a missile is achieved with the help of a rocket engine. It produces thrust by
ejecting very hot gaseous matter, called propellant.
PROPELLANT= FUEL + OXIDIZER , WHICH PRODUCES “THRUST”
• The hot gases are produced in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine by chemical
reactions.
• The propellant is exhausted through a nozzle at a high speed. This exhaust causes the rocket to
move in the opposite direction (Newton's third law).
PROPELLANT
SOLID PROPELLANT
LIQUID PROPELLANT
HYBRID PROPULSION= LIQUID PROPELLANT + SOLID PROPELLANT

11. Classification of Missiles
Type Range Propulsion
Guidance
Systems
Launch
Mode
1. Surface-to-Surface
Missile
2. Surface-to-Air Missile
3. Surface (Coast)-to-
Sea Missile
4. Air-to-Air Missile
5. Air-to-Surface Missile
6. Sea-to-Sea Missile
7. Sea-to-Surface
(Coast) Missile
8. Anti-Tank Missile
1. Short Range
Missile
2. Medium
Range Missile
3. Intermediate
Range Ballistic
Missile
4.
Intercontinental
Ballistic Missile
1. Wire Guidance
2. Command
Guidance
3. Terrain Comparison
Guidance
4. Terrestrial
Guidance
5. Inertial Guidance
6. Beam Rider
Guidance
7. Laser Guidance
8. RF and GPS
Reference
1. Solid
Propulsion
2. Liquid
Propulsion
3. Hybrid
Propulsion
4. Ramjet
5. Scramjet
6.
Cryogenic
1. Cruise
Missile
2. Ballistic
Missile

12. BALLISTIC MISSILES
• A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory
over most of its flight path ,regardless of whether or not
it is weapon-delivery vehicle .
• Guided only during boost phase of flight.
• For example ,Prithvi -I ,Prithvi- II ,Agni- I , Agni- II and
Dhanush ballistic missiles are currently operational in the
Indian Defence Forces.
BALLISTIC MISSILE CLASS MAXIMUN RANGE (km)
Short Range Ballistic Missile(SRRM) <1000
Medium Range Ballistic Missile(MRRM) 1000-3000
Intermediate Range Ballistic
Missile(IRRM)
3000-5000
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile(IBRM) >5500
Submarine Launched Ballistic
Missile(SLBM)
Varies

13. CRUISE MISSILES
• A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle
that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its
flight path.
• Its primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload
on a target.
• They fly within the earth’s atmosphere and use “jet engine
technology”.
• Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:
1. Subsonic cruise missile
2.Supersonic cruise missile
3.Hypersonic cruise missile

14. MISSILES IN MODERN INDIA
• Prithvi-I, Prithvi-II, Prithvi-III
• Agni-I, Agni-II,Agni-III
• Akash
• Dhanush
• Trishul
• Nirbhay
• Brahmos Cruise Missile
• BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land.
• It is a joint venture between India's Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and
Russia's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed the BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited.
• It travels at speeds of Mach 2.5 to 2.8 and is the world's fastest cruise missile. It is about three-and-a-half
times faster than the U.S.A's subsonic Harpoon cruise missile.
• It has a two-stage propulsion system, with a solid-propellant rocket for initial acceleration and a liquid-
fueled ramjet responsible for sustained supersonic cruise.
• The BrahMos is currently being configured for aerial deployment with the Su-30MKI as its carrier
Ballistic Missile

15. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO
• The growth in the technological know-how of guided missiles has been spurred by an international race for
strategic supremacy and commercial aspects.
• The launching of a new rocket or a guided missile receives world-wide attention.
• With the decreasing gap between the launching of missiles and satellites, the military warfare has assumed a
new dimension in the form of electronic and push-button warfare.
INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
• The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was a Ministry of Defence (India) program for
the research and development of a comprehensive range of missiles.
• The program was managed by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Ordnance
Factories Board in partnership with other Indian government research organizations.
• The project started in early 1980s and ended in 2008 after these strategic missiles were successfully
developed.
• The last major missile developed under the program was the Agni 3 intermediate-range ballistic missile
which was successfully tested on 9 July 2007.
• On 8 January 2008, the DRDO formally announced the successful completion of the IGMDP.

16. CONCLUSION

17. THANK YOU