Laser guided missiles use laser beams to direct themselves to a target. They have four main components: a missile body, guidance system, propellant, and warhead. The guidance system contains sensors and electronics to detect and follow laser beams. It is assembled separately for safety. The body is made of strong but lightweight alloys. Solid propellant provides thrust. Extensive testing ensures components and systems function properly. Laser guided missiles can either follow a beam to its source or detect reflections to home in on the target. Design simulations select components to achieve the needed performance. Quality control testing verifies each subsystem and the integrated missile.

1. A presentation on
(LASER GUIDED MISSILE)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
WARANGAL
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
RESPECTED
Dr. Venugopal Reddy K
BY
Sanjiv kumar
Roll no. 185933

2. INTRODUCTION
• Laser-(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
• A guided missile is one which is usually fired in a direction
approximately towards the target and subsequently receives steering
commands from the guidance system to improve its accuracy.
• A guided missile is a space-traversing unmanned vehicle which carries
within itself the means for controlling its flight path.
• Laser guidance directs a robotics system to a target position by
means of a laser beam

3. CLASSIFICATION OF GUIDED MISSILES
The four general categories of missiles are:
• A Surface-to- Surface Missiles (SSM)
• A Surface-to- Air Missiles (SAM)
• A Air-to- Air Missiles (AAM)
• A Air-to- Surface Missiles (ASM)

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE TACTICAL MISSILE
Subsystems of tactical Missile
• Airframe
• Flight control section
• Guidance section
• Fuze
• Warhead
• Propulsion
• Data link
• Radome

5. Airframe
• The airframe is the framework that carries the missile components to an intercept of the
target.
• There are many types of airframes and they are usually categorized by their source of lift
and control.
• The location of control surfaces like wings, tail fins, and canards.
Flight Control
• The function of the flight control system is to provide a stable controlled and responsive
missile..
• Such a stable and controlled flight is achieved by controlling the airframe motions using
roll, pitch, and yaw autopilots.
• These are automatic feedback control systems.
• The last two (pitch and yaw) are also called lateral autopilots and are almost identical.

6. Guidance
• This system provides steering commands to the lateral autopilots that will
cause the missile to fly to a successful intercept of the target.
• Functions :
• Seeker stabilization
• Target acquisition
• Tracking
• Steering signal generation.

7. Fuze
• The function of the fuze is to detect the target’s presence in the missile’s vicinity and
detonate the warhead
• The contact fuze becomes operative when the missile makes physical contact with the target.
• Active RF proximity fuze is a small active CW radar system having two transmitting antennas.
when the target enters the main lobe, the fuze receives the reflected energy and a fuze pulse
is generated which triggers the warhead

8. Propulsion
• The propulsion system of the missile provides the required initial thrust
to the missile to enable it to fly with sufficient velocity during the
subsequent engagement period with the target
• There are two phases in missile propulsion :
• Boost and sustain.
• During boost the propulsion system provides a high level of missile
acceleration over a relatively short period of time(1- 15 secs).
• The purpose of sustain propulsion is to maintain the missile at a desired
velocity for the majority of the remaining missile flight.
• The booster motor is typically a solid propellant motor while the
sustainer motor could either be a solid propellant one or a jet engine.
Some modern missiles nowdays use integrated rocket-ramjet
propulsion.

9. Warhead
• The warhead is the payload of the missile and consists of a shell, explosives, and a detonator.
• The weight of the warhead depends on the size of the missile.
• Types of warhead
• Explosive
• Nuclear
• Chemical
• Biological

10.  Now we are talking about laser guided missile
 Raw material for missile
• Missile body
• The guidance system (also called the laser and electronics suite)
• The propellant
• The warhead

11. MISSILE BODY-
• The missile body is made from steel alloys
• Or high-strength aluminum alloys
• And coated with chromium along the cavity of the body in order to
protect against the excessive pressures and heat that accompany a
missile launch.

12. The guidence system-
• Guidance system contains various types of materials—some basic,
others high-tech—that are designed to give maximum guidance
capabilities.
• photo detecting sensor
• optical filters, with which the missile can interpret laser wavelengths
sent from a parent aircraft.
• The photo detecting sensor's most important part is its sensing
dome, which can be made of glass, quartz, and/or silicon.
• A missile's electronics suite can contain gallium-arsenide
semiconductors, but some suites still rely exclusively on copper or
silver wiring.

13. THE PROPELLENT-
• Guided missiles use nitrogen-based solid propellants as their fuel
source. Certain additives (such as graphite or nitroglycerine) can be
included to alter the performance of the propellant.
WARHEAD-
• IT’s same According to guided missile

14. Type of laser guided missile-
Beam rider
• The first type "reads" the laser light emitted from the launching
aircraft/helicopter. The missile's electronic suite issues commands to the
fins (called control surfaces) on its body in an effort to keep it on course
with the laser beam. This type of missile is called a beam rider as it tends to
ride the laser beam towards its target.
Use on board sensor-
The second type of missile uses on-board sensors to pick up laser light
reflected from the target. The aircraft/helicopter pilot selects a target, hits
the target with a laser beam shot from a target designator, and then
launches the missile. The missile's sensor measures the error between its
flight path and the path of the reflected light. Correction messages are then
passed on to the missile's control surfaces via the electronics suite, steering
the missile onto its target.

15. According to type of missile -
Design-the missile designer must run computer simulations as the first step of
the design process.
These simulations assist the designer in choosing the proper laser type, body
length, nozzle configurations, cavity size, warhead type, propellant mass, and
control surfaces.
The designer then puts together a package containing all relevant engineering
calculations, including those generated by computer simulations.
The electronics suite is then designed around the capabilities of the laser and
control surfaces. Drawings and schematics of all components can now be
completed; CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Manufacture) technology has
proven helpful with this task. Electronics systems are then designed around the
capabilities of the aircraft's laser and the missile's control surfaces. The following
step consists of generating the necessary schematic drawings for the chosen
electronics system. Another computer-assisted study of the total guided missile
system constitutes the final step of the design process.

16. Assembling the guidance system-
• The principal laser components—the photo detecting sensor and optical
filters—are assembled in a series of operations that are separate from the
rest of the missile's construction
Circuits that support the laser system are then soldered onto pre-printed
boards; extra attention is given to optical materials at this time to protect
them from excessive heat, as this can alter the wavelength of light that the
missile will be able to detect.
• The assembled laser subsystem is now set aside pending final assembly. The
circuit boards for the electronics suite are also assembled independently from
the rest of the missile. If called for by the design, microchips are added to the
boards at this time.

17. Warhead constitute-
Great care must be exercised during this process, as mistakes can
lead to catastrophic accidents. Simple fastening techniques such as
bolting or riveting serve to attach the warhead without risking safety
hazards
For guidance systems that home-in on reflected laser light, the photo
detecting sensor (in its housing) is bolted into place at the tip of the
warhead.

19. Quality Control-
• the propellant must pass a test in which examiners ignite a sample of
the propellant under conditions simulating the flight of a missile.
• The next test is a wind tunnel exercise involving a model of the
missile body. This test evaluates the air flow around the missile during
its flight.
• Further work involves putting the electronics suite through a series
of tests to determine the speed and accuracy with which commands
get passed along to the missile's control surfaces.
• Then the laser components are tested for reliability, and a test beam
is fired to allow examiners to record the photo detecting sensor's
ability to "read" the proper wavelength.

20. THANKYOU