THIS IS A SEMINAR REPORT ON GUIDED MISSILE. IN THIS REPORT YOU WILL FIND A BRIEF INTRODUCTION LIKE WHAT IS GUIDED MISSILE , TYPES OF MISSILE ,TYPES OF CONTROL AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM, WARHEAD , FUZES.
THIS IS A SEMINAR REPORT ON GUIDED MISSILE. IN THIS REPORT YOU WILL FIND A BRIEF INTRODUCTION LIKE WHAT IS GUIDED MISSILE , TYPES OF MISSILE ,TYPES OF CONTROL AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM, WARHEAD , FUZES.
Cruise missiles form a major part of modern warfare and have spread extensively to all branches of the military. Their effective use in a modern conflict can change the outcome of war without resorting to nuclear weapons. Improvements in cruise missile technology will see more intelligent, self-manoeuvring and hypersonic missiles flood the world market. But whatever happens, cruise missiles will remain one of the most reliable weapons for the foreseeable future.
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course by TONEX
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course sets up Electronic Warfare (EW) establishment intended for examiners, engineers, electrical specialists, venture directors, electronic warfare specialized experts who outline or work radar frameworks and electronic warfare frameworks; and anybody engaged with arranging, plan, investigation, reenactment, prerequisites definition, execution detail, obtainment, test, security and assessment of electronic assault hardware.
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course depicts military activity including the utilization of electromagnetic (EM) and coordinated vitality (DE) to control the EMS or to assault the adversary. TONEX has been a pioneer in electronic warfare preparing administrations since 1992.
#Who Should Attend Electronic Warfare Course
Technical personnel
Electronic warfare or radar system planning, design, development, operations and maintenance
Electrical engineers
Software engineers
System engineers
System analysts
Cyber security professionals
Verification and validation personnel
Project managers
Program managers
#Learning Objectives
Endless supply of Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course, the participants can:
Rundown premise of Electronic Warfare (EW) ideas, engineering and methods
Investigate the utilization of electronic warfare ideas to ground, airborne and maritime surface warfare
Depict the key ideas of electromagnetic field hypothesis
Depict prorogation models, correspondence block and sticking execution expectation
Outline observable pathway (LOS), two-beam, and blade edge diffraction engendering models
Comprehend the essentials of radars and radar cross area
Portray EW and surveillance beneficiary framework configuration exchange off
Give cases of Directed vitality weapons and stealth
Depict how hunt and following radars work
Rundown the utilitarian and operational susceptibilities of weapon frameworks to electronic warfare
Comprehend Electronic Warfare Systems Engineering and System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) standards
Comprehend the application displaying, reproduction and net-driven engineering to electronic warfare.
#Course Agenda
What is Electronic Warfare (EW)?
Electronic Warfare principles
Overview of signals such as radio, infrared or radar
Electronic Warfare architecture
Naval EW
Ground EW
Airborne EW
Cyber EW
RF electronic warfare
Infrared Countermeasures
Visit Tonex website for more information about this course
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/electronic-warfare-training-crash-course/
Thank you for all video clips.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWZXinRwCaE (icbm)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-q1IaPIUk (how missiles launch)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOXmVi3A_PI (satan R36)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHlW1h_0XQ (LRASM)
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and other detection methods.
Cruise missiles form a major part of modern warfare and have spread extensively to all branches of the military. Their effective use in a modern conflict can change the outcome of war without resorting to nuclear weapons. Improvements in cruise missile technology will see more intelligent, self-manoeuvring and hypersonic missiles flood the world market. But whatever happens, cruise missiles will remain one of the most reliable weapons for the foreseeable future.
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course by TONEX
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course sets up Electronic Warfare (EW) establishment intended for examiners, engineers, electrical specialists, venture directors, electronic warfare specialized experts who outline or work radar frameworks and electronic warfare frameworks; and anybody engaged with arranging, plan, investigation, reenactment, prerequisites definition, execution detail, obtainment, test, security and assessment of electronic assault hardware.
Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course depicts military activity including the utilization of electromagnetic (EM) and coordinated vitality (DE) to control the EMS or to assault the adversary. TONEX has been a pioneer in electronic warfare preparing administrations since 1992.
#Who Should Attend Electronic Warfare Course
Technical personnel
Electronic warfare or radar system planning, design, development, operations and maintenance
Electrical engineers
Software engineers
System engineers
System analysts
Cyber security professionals
Verification and validation personnel
Project managers
Program managers
#Learning Objectives
Endless supply of Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course, the participants can:
Rundown premise of Electronic Warfare (EW) ideas, engineering and methods
Investigate the utilization of electronic warfare ideas to ground, airborne and maritime surface warfare
Depict the key ideas of electromagnetic field hypothesis
Depict prorogation models, correspondence block and sticking execution expectation
Outline observable pathway (LOS), two-beam, and blade edge diffraction engendering models
Comprehend the essentials of radars and radar cross area
Portray EW and surveillance beneficiary framework configuration exchange off
Give cases of Directed vitality weapons and stealth
Depict how hunt and following radars work
Rundown the utilitarian and operational susceptibilities of weapon frameworks to electronic warfare
Comprehend Electronic Warfare Systems Engineering and System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) standards
Comprehend the application displaying, reproduction and net-driven engineering to electronic warfare.
#Course Agenda
What is Electronic Warfare (EW)?
Electronic Warfare principles
Overview of signals such as radio, infrared or radar
Electronic Warfare architecture
Naval EW
Ground EW
Airborne EW
Cyber EW
RF electronic warfare
Infrared Countermeasures
Visit Tonex website for more information about this course
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/electronic-warfare-training-crash-course/
Thank you for all video clips.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWZXinRwCaE (icbm)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-q1IaPIUk (how missiles launch)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOXmVi3A_PI (satan R36)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHlW1h_0XQ (LRASM)
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and other detection methods.
Up to my knowledge, I collect all information about Indian missiles for the purpose of missile studies and their types to know simple understanding, to get educate their thought.
Hello, I am DHRUV. This Presentation Includes some pictorial representation as well as information about Nuclear Weapons, missiles, bombs, and small weapons. I made this using information from google only. Hope you will like that.
Small presentation on different types of missile,their characteristics,technology etc.If anything is wrong let me know.There are some animated videos that will help to understand. Thank you.
You can understand what is a ballistic missile, how important it is for a country and importance of ballistic missile defence system. It also describes where India stands in BMDS evolution.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
1. Presented To: Sir Jahanzeb Qureshi
Presented By:
Abran Idrees
Sufyan Ullah
Warda Tariq
Khansa Shafiq
Zaghiam
Military Missiles
Department of Space Science
University of the Punjab
2. The cause of the selection of this topic is to get and increase
information and knowledge about military missiles, there
working principles and also there types.
Differentiation between rocket and missile.
Military missile technology in Pakistan.
And also to share information about a part of military
technology for general awareness among people.
Objectives
3. Introduction of Missile
History of Missile
Principle of working
Structure of the Missile
Types of the warhead
Classification of the Missile
Missiles in Pakistan
Conclusion
4. Introduction of Missile
“A flying weapon that has its own engine so that it can
travel along distance before exploding at the place that it has
been aimed at”.
Shaheen-III Multiple Independently Targetable
Reentry Vehicle (MIRV)
Is all missiles are rockets?
Missile Payload (Warhead)
Payload (Satellite)Rocket
5. History of Missile
Rocket was invented by china
in 1044 AD but in 1232 AD
they used.
Tipu Sultan used thousand of
the Missile in Srirangapatna War
in 1792.
The first ballistic missile was the V2
which was created in Germany during
World War II.
After the World War II
with the use of V1 and
V2 missiles by
Germany, Then several
other nations
developed a variety of
Missiles. There are
few examples of the
advance missiles.
1. LGM-30 Minuteman
(U.S.A)
2. R-36 (Russia) 3. Dongfeng- 41(China)
6. Principle of working of Missile/Rocket
Principle of working of Missile/Rocket followed the 3 Laws of the motion.
Second Law of Motion:
The amount of thrust produced by a rocket
engine will be determined by:
F = ma
Third Law of Motion:
The reaction, or motion of the rocket is equal
to and in opposite direction of the action.
First Law of Motion:
An unbalanced force must be exerted for a
rocket to lift off from a launch pad.
7. Structure of the Missile
Infrared homing head
Gyroscope
Fixed winglet
Actuator
Battery
Rudder
Pilot
Proximity fuse
Warhead
Rocket motor
Fin
9. Types of the warhead
A warhead is an explosive device used in military
conflicts used to destroy enemy vehicles or buildings.
1.Explosive
2.Chemical
3.Biological
4.Nuclear
5.Fragmentation
There are the following types of the warhead:
12. A Guided Missile is a rocket propelled missile whose path
can be controlled during flight either by Radio signals or by
any internal mechanisms.
There are further two types of the Guided missiles:
1.Curise Missile
2. Tactical Missiles
14. Cruise Missile
A cruise missile is basically a small, pilotless airplane and a guided
missile used against terrestrial targets and flies the major portion of its
flight path at approximately constant speed.
There are some properties of the cruise missile:
1. Cruise missile’s cruise motor burns all the way into the target.
2.Cruise missile travels at low speed and it increases its speed when near
to target.
3. Cruise missile can fly at low altitude. Its difficult to detect them on
radar.
4.Cruise missile are good for precision attack on target
Continued
15. Cruise Missile
5. Modern cruise missiles are capable of travelling at Hypersonic,
Supersonic or high subsonic speeds, are self-navigating.
6. Cruise missiles can be launched by airplanes, submarines, ships, or
from launching vehicles on land. Besides the United States, more
than 70 nations have cruise missiles.
7.Mostaly around 1000 km to up to 2500km
3M22 zircon (Russia) Brahmos (Russia & India) Babur cruise missile(Pakistan)
Some examples of Cruise missiles are :
17. Tactical Missile
A tactical missile (TM) is designed for short-range battlefield use.
Typically, range is less than 300 kilometres (190 mi).
Some examples of tactical missiles are :
Pakistani Nasr Indian Prahaar American MGM-52 Lance Russian OTR-21 Tochka
Chinese WS-1
18. Types of Tactical Missiles
There are four main types of Tactical Missiles….
1.Air to Air missile
2.Air to Surface missile
3.Surface to Surface missile
4.Surface to Air missile
19. An air-to-air missile(AAM) is a guided missile fired from an aircraft
for the purpose of destroying another aircraft.
AAMs are typically powered by one or more rocket motors, usually
solid fuelled but sometimes liquid fuelled
20. An air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground missile (AGM or
ATGM) is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft
(bombers , attack aircraft, fighter aircraft or other kinds) to strike ground
targets.
Generally these targets are land-based, but can also include targets at sea
such as ships.
21. A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) or ground-to-ground missile
(GGM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea
and strike targets on land or at sea.
They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from
fixed installations, or from a ship.
22. A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM), is
a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or
other missiles.
It is one type of anti-aircraft system; in modern armed forces missiles
have replaced most other forms of dedicated anti-aircraft weaponry,
with the anti-aircraft cannon.
24. Ballistic Missile
Ballistic missile is targeted as a projectile from a single
launch force with not much added guidance.
Ababeel (MRBM) missile, PakistanAstra missile, IndiaHydra 70 missile, United States
Some examples of Ballistic missiles are :
25. 1.Short Range Ballistic Missile
2.Medium Range Ballistic Missile
3.Intermediate range Ballistic Missile
4.Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Three Phases of the Ballistic Trajectory
1. Boost phase
2. Mid Course Phase
3. Terminal Phase
26. It is also known as SRBM.
Range: 1000 km or less
Warhead: Nuclear
Example: Ghaznavi (300)
Shaheen-I (750-900) etc.
It is also known as MRBM.
Range:1000 to 3000 km
Warhead: All Types
Example: Ghauri-I (1,500 km)
Shaheen-III (2,750 km) etc.
1.Short Range Ballistic Missile
Ghaznavi (300)
2.Medium Range Ballistic Missile
Ghauri-I (1,500 km) Continued
27. It is also known as IRBM.
Range:3000 to 5500 km
Warhead: All types
Example:PGM-17 Thor, United States
DF-3A, China etc
4.Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
It is also known as ICBM.
Range:5500 upto
Warhead: MIRVs
Example: LGM-30 Minuteman, United
State
RT-2PM2 Topol-M , Russia etc
Types of Unguided missiles
3.Intermediate range Ballistic Missile
PGM-17 Thor
LGM-30 Minuteman