The document is a seminar submission on guided missiles, detailing their components, history, and types used in military applications. It explains the differences between missiles and rockets, as well as the guidance systems and propulsion types employed in modern missile technology. Additionally, it categorizes missiles based on range, speed, and mode of fire, highlighting various missile types and their specific purposes.

1. 1
SEMINAR ON
GUIDED MISSILE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of
award degree of B.TECH(M.E)
UNDER GRACIOUS GUIDANCE OF:-
PROF. ANKIT DUA ( MECH. DEPTT.)
SUBMITTED BY:-
PARAG PRIYANK
75114037
B.TECH M.E
2011-2015

2. 2

3. 3
In modern military usage, a missile, or guided missile, is a self-
propelled guided weapon system, as opposed to an unguided self-
propelled munition, referred to as a rocket. Missiles have four
system components: targeting and/or guidance, flight system,
engine, and warhead. Missiles come in types adapted for
different purposes: surface-to-surface and air-to-surface
missiles (ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, anti-tank, etc.), surface-to-air
missiles (anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic), air-to-air missiles, and
anti-satellite missiles.

4. 4
 The word missile comes from the Latin verb mittere, literally meaning
"to send".
 They are basically rockets which are meant for destructive purposes
only.
 Missiles differ from rockets by virtue of a guidance system that steers
them towards a pre-selected target.
 Missiles are often used in warfare as a means of delivering destructive
force (usually in the form of an explosive warhead) upon a target.
 Aside from explosives, other possible types of destructive missile
payloads are various forms of chemical or biological agents, nuclear
warheads, or simple kinetic energy (where the missile destroys the
target by the force of striking it at high speed).
INTRODUCTION

5.  Rockets were invented in medieval China (1044 AD) but its first practical
use for serious purpose took place in 1232 AD by the Chinese against
the Mongols.
 There after Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan (Sultan of Mysore in south India)
perfected the rocket's use for military purposes, very effectively using
it in war against British colonial armies.
 At the Battle of Seringapatanam in 1792, Indian soldiers launched a huge
barrage of rockets against British troops, followed by a huge massacre of
British forces.
5
HISTORY AT A GLANCE

6. Portrait of Tipu Sultan
Sultan of Mysore, now
Karnataka, India
Unlike contemporary rockets whose
combustion chamber was made of wood
(bamboo), Tipu's rockets (weighing between
2.2 to 5.5 kg) used iron cylinder casings
that allowed greater pressure, thrust and
range (1.5 to 2.5 Km). The British were
greatly impressed by the Mysorean rockets
using iron tubes.
6

7. Guided missiles are made up of a series of subassemblies. The major sections
are carefully joined and connected to each other. They form the complete
missile assembly.
The major components of a missile are:
 WARHEAD
 FUSING
 PROPULSION SYSTEM
 GUIDANCE SYSTEM
MISSILE COMPONENTS
7

8. 8
B
A
S
I
C
D
I
A
G
R
A
M

9. 9

10.  WARHEAD:-
A warhead is an explosive device used in military conflicts, used to destroy
enemy vehicles or buildings.
Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile , rocket or torpedo. It consists of
the explosive material, and a detonator.
 FUSING:-
It includes those devices and arrangements that cause the missile's payload to
function in proper relation to the target.
There are two general types of fuzes used in guided missiles •proximity fuzes
and contact fuzes.
10

11. 11
• A proximity fuze is a kind of fuze that detonates an
explosive device automatically when the distance to the target
becomes smaller than a predetermined value. Proximity fuzes are
designed for targets such as planes, missiles, ships at sea and
ground forces. They provide a more sophisticated trigger
mechanism than the common or timed fuze or contact type fuze.
• A contact fuze, percussion fuze is that placed in the nose of a
shell so that it will detonate on contact with a hard surface. Many
impacts are unpredictable: they may involve a soft surface, or an off-
axis grazing impact. The pure contact fuze is often unreliable in such
cases and so a more sensitive graze fuze or inertia fuze is used
instead.

12. 12
 PROPULSION:-

13. 13
ATMOSPHERIC JET PROPULSION SYSTEM.
There are three types of atmospheric jet propulsion systems
the turbojet, pulsejet, and ramjet engines. Of these three
systems, only the turbojet engine is currently being used in
modern missiles.
TURBOJET –
 The turbojet is the oldest kind of general-purpose air
breathing jet engine.
 Compared to turbofans, turbojets are quite inefficient if
flown below about Mach 2 and are very noisy.
 As a result, most modern aircraft use turbofans instead for
economic reasons, although turbojets are still common in
medium range cruise missiles, due to their high exhaust
speed, low frontal area, and relative simplicity.

14. 14
Turbojet engine
RAMJET –
 A ramjet uses the engine's forward motion to compress incoming air,
without a rotary compressor.
 Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed, thus they cannot
move an aircraft from a standstill

15. 15
 Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3.
This type of engine can operate up to speeds of Mach 6.
 Ramjets can be particularly useful in applications requiring a small and
simple mechanism for high-speed use, such as missiles or artillery
shells.
 Ramjets employ a continuous combustion process.

16. 16
PULSEJET –
 A pulse jet engine (or pulsejet) is a type of jet engine in
which combustion occurs in pulses.
 Pulsejet engines can be made with few or no moving parts
, and are capable of running statically.
 Pulse jet engines are a lightweight form of jet propulsion,
but usually have a poor compression ratio , and hence give a
low specific impulse

17. 17
 Solid Propellant Engines-The combustion chamber of a solid propellant
rocket contains the charge of solid propellant. Solid propellant charges
are of two basic types: restricted burning and unrestricted burning.
 HYBRID PROPULSION -A hybrid engine combines the use of liquid
and solid propellant. The liquid is the oxidizer and the solid is the
propellant. Ignition is usually hypergolic, that is, spontaneous ignition
takes place upon contact of the oxidizer with the propellant

18. 18
GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 Missiles may be targeted in a number of ways. The most
common method is to use some form of radiation , such
as infrared , lasers or radio waves , to guide the missile
onto its target.
 There are two types of guidance system
i. fire-and-forget
ii. Another method is to use a TV camera—using
either visible light or infra-red—in order to see the
target.

19. 19
 Laser Guidance - A laser designator device calculates relative position
to a highlighted target. Most are familiar with the military uses of the
technology on Laser-guided bomb. The space shuttle crew leverages a
hand held device to feed information into rendezvous planning. The
primary limitation on this device is that it requires a line of
sight between the target and the designator.

20.  Infrared homing : This form of guidance is used exclusively for military
munitions, specifically air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. The missile’s
seeker head homes in on the infrared (heat) signature from the target’s
engines (hence the term “heat-seeking missile”).
20
 Wire-Guidance -A wire-guided missile is a missile guided by signals sent
to it via thin wires reeled out during flight.
 Global Positioning System (GPS) - GPS was designed by the US
military. GPS transmits 2 signal types: military and a commercial. GPS
is a system of 24 satellites orbiting in unique planes 10.9-14.4 Nautical
miles above the earth. The Satellites are in well defined orbits and
transmit highly accurate time information which can be used to
triangulate position.

21. 21

22. 22

23. CLASSIFICATION
 Range:-
 Long-range guided missiles are usually capable of traveling a distance of at
least 100 miles.
 Short-range guided missiles often do not exceed the range capabilities of
long-range guns.
 Speed:-
The speed capability of guided missiles is expressed in Mach numbers. A Mach
number is the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the
medium through which the object is moving. Under standard atmospheric
conditions, sonic speed is about 766 miles per hour (Mach 1.0). Guided missiles
are classified according to their speed as shown below:
 Subsonic—Up to Mach 0.8
 Transonic—Mach 0.8 to Mach 1.2
 Supersonic—Mach 1.2 to Mach 5.0
 Hypersonic—Above Mach 5.0
23

24. Mode Of Fire
 An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the
purpose of destroying another aircraft.
 An air-to-surface missile (ASM) is a missile designed to be launched
from military aircraft (bombers , attack aircraft, fighter aircraft or other
kinds) and strike ground targets on land, at sea, or both.
 An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a missile designed to counter ballistic
missiles. Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear, chemical, biological or
conventional warheads in a ballistic flight trajectory. The term "anti-ballistic
missile" describes any antimissile system designed to counter ballistic
missiles.
,.
24

25. 25
 Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are designed to incapacitate or
destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Currently, only
the United States, the former Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of
China are known to have developed these weapons.
 Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against
ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea
skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial
guidance and radar homing.
 An anti-submarine missile is a standoff weapon including
a rocket designed to rapidly deliver an explosive warhead or
homing torpedo from the launch platform to the vicinity of a submarine.
 A cruise missile is a guided missile, the major portion of whose flight path
to its target (a land-based or sea-based target) is conducted at
approximately constant velocity; that relies on the dynamic reaction of air
for lift, and upon propulsion forces to balance drag.

26. 26
 An anti-tank missile (ATM), anti-tank guided missile (ATGM),is
a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-
armored military vehicles.
 A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM),
is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to
destroy aircraft or other missiles
 A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) or ground-to-ground
missile (GGM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground
or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea.

27. 27

28. 28
Reference :-
 GOOGLE
 HOW STUFF WORKS
 WIKIPEDIA
 TECH-SYNERGY
 DRDO
 PRINCIPLES OF MISSILE FLIGHT AND JET PROPULSION
 BHARAT RAKSHAK

29. 29