A seminar on India's Ballistic Missile Defense System covering all ballistic missiles which India has and also their specifications.

1. TOPIC : BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM
SEMINAR
A Presentation by,
ABHISHEK KHOTKAR
Guided by,
Dr. V. B. PANSARE Sir
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ROLL NO. – 4008
CLASS - BE ‘A’ MECHANICAL

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MISSILES
 DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN BMD
 MERITS AND DEMERITS
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCES
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3. What is missile..?
Missile
 Any object thrown at a target with the aim of hitting can be
called as a missile.
'or'
 In modern usage, missile is a flying weapon that has its own
engine so that it can travel a long distance before exploding
at the place that it has been aimed at.
Ballistic Missile:
 A Ballistic Missile is a missile that follows a ballistic flight
path with the objective of delivering one or more
Warheads to a predetermined target.
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4.  A ballistic missile is launched directly into the high layers
of the earth's atmosphere. It travels well outside the
atmosphere and then the warhead detaches and falls
back to earth. It follows the path of a ball thrown
upwards which falls down. Since it depends on gravity to
reach its target, it's called a ballistic missile.
 A ballistic missile is only guided during relatively brief
periods of flight & most of it’s trajectory is unpowered &
governed by gravity.
 Shorter range ballistic Missiles stay within the earth's
atmosphere, while longer range ones are designed to
spend some of their flight time above the atmosphere.
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5. Anti-Ballistic Missile:
 An Anti Ballistic Missile (ADM) is Missile
designed to counter ballistic missile.
Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear,
chemical biological or conventional Warhead in
ballistic flight trajectory.
The term "Anti-Ballistic Missile" describes any
anti missile system designed to counter ballistic
missile.
India’s Anti-Ballistic Missiles are Prithvi Air
Defense (PAD) or Pradyumna and Akash Air
Defense (AAD).
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6. Working Principle
 The working of a missile is based on the Newton’s Third
Law i.e. Action and reaction are equal and opposite
 The propulsion of a missile is achieved with the help of
a rocket engine. It produces thrust by ejecting very hot
gaseous matter, called propellant.
 The hot gases are produced in the combustion
chamber of the rocket engine by chemical reactions.
 The propellant is exhausted through a nozzle at a high
speed. This exhaust causes the rocket to move in the
opposite direction (Newton's third law).
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7. Launch of missile from submarine
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8. Terminology
 WARHEAD
A warhead is an explosive device used in military
conflicts, used to destroy enemy vehicles or
buildings.
Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile , rocket
or torpedo. It consists of the explosive material, and
a detonator.
 Types of warhead :-
 Explosive: An explosive charge is used to disintegrate
the target, and damage surrounding areas with a
shockwave.
 Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as nerve gas is
dispersed, which is designed to injure or kill human
beings.
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9. Types of missile
• There are two types of missiles.
• UNGUIDED OR BALLISTIC MISSILES which
moves freely to the target and can’t be
controlled after launching e.g. missiles of tank
• GUIDED MISSILES which are guided through
some remote controls e.g. Cruise missile
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10. Classification of Missiles
Type Range Propulsion
Guidance
Systems
Launch
Mode
1. Surface-to-Surface
Missile
2. Surface-to-Air Missile
3. Surface (Coast)-to-
Sea Missile
4. Air-to-Air Missile
5. Air-to-Surface Missile
6. Sea-to-Sea Missile
7. Sea-to-Surface
(Coast) Missile
8. Anti-Tank Missile
1. Short Range
Missile
2. Medium
Range Missile
3. Intermediate
Range Ballistic
Missile
4.Intercontinenta
l Ballistic Missile
1. Wire Guidance
2. Command Guidance
3. Terrain Comparison
Guidance
4. Terrestrial Guidance
5. Inertial Guidance
6. Beam Rider
Guidance
7. Laser Guidance
8. RF and GPS
Reference
1. Solid
Propulsion
2. Liquid
Propulsion
3. Hybrid
Propulsion
4. Ramjet
5. Scramjet
6.
Cryogenic
1. Cruise
Missile
2. Ballistic
Missile
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11. Cruise missile
 Unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle
 Sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for
most of its flight path
 Primary mission is to place an ordnance or
special payload on a target.
 Use jet engine technology. Depending upon
the speed such missiles are classified as :
 1. Subsonic cruise missile
 2. Supersonic cruise missile
 3. Hypersonic cruise missile
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12. MACH Number : Ratio of flow speed relative to a boundary
and the local speed of sound
• Subsonic Speed of about 0.8 mach
ex : Harpoon of USA , Exocet of France
• Supersonic Speed of about 2-3 mach
ex: BRAHMOS
• Hypersonic Speed of more than 5 mach
Around 2.3820 km/s
ex : BRAHMOS - II
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13. Ballistic missile
• A missile that has a ballistic
trajectory over most of its flight
path.
• Categorized according to their
range, maximum distance.
• First : V-2 rocket by Nazi Germany
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14. THE BASICS OF BALLISTIC MISSILE
 All ballistic missile share a common, fundamental element
 The missiles follow a ballistic trajectory which includes three phases
 Phase I ---Boost Phase
 Phase II –Mid-Course Phase
 Phase III – Terminal Phase
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15. DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN BMD
India began the development of the ballistic
missile DEFENSE system in 1999.
 The development was planned in two stages.
 The first phase was challenging due to the
complex technologies and indigenous mission
systems employed in the mission.
After eight years of development, the first missile
test was conducted in November 2006.
The Prithvi-II missile was successfully intercepted
by the PAD in the endo-atmosphere at an altitude
of 48km.
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16. 16

17. INTERCEPTOR
 PAD is a two stage missile based on the Prithvi
missile.
 Also known as Pradyumna, PAD has a maximum
interception altitude of 80km.
 The first stage is liquid fuelled and the second stage
is solid fuelled.
 The missile is equipped with manoeuver thrusters for
lateral acceleration.
 It can engage the ballistic missiles (300km-2,000km
range) at a speed of Mach 5.
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18. PRITHVI AIR DEFENSE (PAD)
 Type : Exo atmospheric anti ballistic missile
 Used by : Indian Army
 Manufacturer : DRDO
 In use from : 26 November 2006
 Engine : 2 stage
 Range : 2000 km
 Altitude : 8.0 km
 Speed : Mach 5
 Weight : 1200 kg
 Length : 25 feet
 Diameter : 1.6 feet
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19. AKASH AIR DEFENSE (AAD)
Type : surface to air missile
Used by : Indian army
Manufactured by : DRDO
Weight : 750 kg
Length : 5.78 m
Diameter : 14 inch
Engine : Integral rocket motor
Speed : Mach 3
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20. SWORDFISH RADAR
 Swordfish is a long-range tracking radar developed for the
BMD system.
 It was derived from the Israeli Green Pine long range radar.
 A test conducted in March 2009 validated the long-range
capabilities of the radar.
 Swordfish guides the exo-atmospheric interceptor missile PAD
to engage aerial targets at altitudes over 80km.
 The radar can detect very small targets within the range of
600km-800km.
 DRDO plans to upgrade the range of Swordfish to 1,500 km by
2011.
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21. MERITS AND DEMERITS
 The missile defense system is program that enables the
military to shoot down any missile intended to strike India.
 MERITS
-Security
-Will not have to retaliate
-Saves lives
-Saves the environment
-Can prevent attacks by way of intimidation
 DEMERITS
-Costly
-Technology could be stolen
-Could start an arms race
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22. CONCLUSION
 Currently Ballistic missiles are among the most expensive of single-use
weapons, up to several million dollars. However, they are cheaper than
human pilots when total training and infrastructure costs are taken into
account.
 Guidance System used in Ballistic missile is a complex system which
involves several systems working in random. It is essential that guidance
system is properly designed for accurate interception of targets.
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23. FUTURE SCOPE FOR MISSILES OF
INDIA
India is trying to prepare many missiles that can
cover a large distance
India is now creating Agni 6 , Brahmos 2 , Astra,
killer K-4, Surya 1 and 2 etc...
Agni 6 has a ability to cover a distance of 8000 to
12000 km
Brahmos 2 can be launched from any platform
Astra missile uses a smokeless propulsion system
Surya 1 and 2 has a capacity to be launched
beneath the sea 1000 km below
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24. REFERENCES
24
-BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE: CAPABILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
By ALWYN YOUNG
-William Schneider, Jr., er al., U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy and Ballistic Missile
Defense: The 1980s and Beyond (Cambridge: Institute for Foreign Policy
Analysis (IFPA), 1980),
-GUIDED MISSILES , by - T V Karthikeyan & A K Kapoor , Scientists Defense
Research &- Development Laboratory, Hyderabad , Defense Scientific
Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC) , Ministry of Defense,
DRDO
-THE SECRET OF FLIGHT by JOHAN HOFFMAN, JOHAN JANSSON AND CLAES
JOHNSON
-Aerodynamic Characteristics of G16 Grid Fin Configuration at Subsonic and
Supersonic Speeds by Prashanth H S , Prof. K S Ravi , Dr G B Krishnappa
-PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED MISSILES AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS, by BUREAU OF
NAVAL PERSONNEL OF U.S NAVY ,Prepared and produced by the U. S. Navy
Training Publications Center under direction of the Bureau of Naval
Personnel

25. INTERNET REFERENCES
• http://www.brahmos.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory_of_a_projectil
e
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrahMos-II
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOGn8_XEMp8
• http://www.army-technology.com/projects/drdo-bmd/
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26. THANK
YOU