This document provides an overview of anti-ballistic missiles and missile technology. It begins with classifications of different types of missiles based on their range and propulsion, including ballistic missiles and cruise missiles. It then discusses key components of missiles like propulsion systems, guidance and control systems, aerodynamics, warheads and fuzes. Emerging technologies like hypersonic cruise missiles are also mentioned. The document serves to introduce the topic of anti-ballistic missiles and provide a technical overview of missile design and components.

1. TOPIC : ANTI BALLISTIC MISSSILE
SEMINAR
MANAS AGARWAL (121748)
MANOJ DHAKER (121750)
PRITAM PATHAK (121761)
SARVESH SINGH (121776)
AISHWARYA TIWARI (101606)

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION
 Trajectory
 Missile Propulsion System
 Missile Guidance & Control
 Missile Aerodynamics
 Future Scope

3. Introduction
• What is a missile ?
• Any object thrown at a target with the aim of hitting : Missile
Early Development
Based on a simple radio control (command guidance)
V1 Flying Bomb V2 Rocket
By Nazi Germany
(During World War II)

4. Classification of Missiles
Type Range Propulsion
Guidance
Systems
Launch
Mode
1. Surface-to-Surface
Missile
2. Surface-to-Air
Missile
3. Surface (Coast)-to-
Sea Missile
4. Air-to-Air Missile
5. Air-to-Surface
Missile
6. Sea-to-Sea Missile
7. Sea-to-Surface
(Coast) Missile
8. Anti-Tank Missile
1. Short Range
Missile
2. Medium
Range Missile
3. Intermediate
Range Ballistic
Missile
4.Intercontinent
al Ballistic
Missile
1. Wire Guidance
2. Command
Guidance
3. Terrain
Comparison
Guidance
4. Terrestrial
Guidance
5. Inertial Guidance
6. Beam Rider
Guidance
7. Laser Guidance
8. RF and GPS
Reference
1. Solid
Propulsion
2. Liquid
Propulsion
3. Hybrid
Propulsion
4. Ramjet
5.
Scramjet
6.
Cryogenic
1. Cruise
Missile
2. Ballistic
Missile

5. Ballistic missile
• A missile that has a ballistic
trajectory over most of its flight
path.
• Categorized according to their
range, maximum distance.
• First : V-2 rocket by Nazi Germany
 Quasi ballistic missiles ?
 Anti Ballistic missiles ?

6. Cruise missile
• Unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle
• Sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for
most of its flight path
• Primary mission is to place an ordnance or
special payload on a target.
• Use jet engine technology .Depending upon
the speed such missiles are classified as :
1. Subsonic cruise missile
2. Supersonic cruise missile
3. Hypersonic cruise missile

7. MACH Number : Ratio of flow speed relative to a boundary
and the local speed of sound
• Subsonic Speed of about 0.8 mach
ex : Harpoon of USA , Exocet of France
• Supersonic Speed of about 2-3 mach
ex: BRAHMOS
• Hypersonic Speed of more than 5 mach
Around 2.3820 km/s
ex : BRAHMOS - II

8. Launch of missile from submarine

9. Projectile motion

10. BRAHMOS - II
• Under joint development by DRDO and Russia's NPO
Mashinostroeyenia - formed BrahMos Aerospace Private
Limited.
• Type : Hypersonic cruise missile
• Place of origin India , Russia
Specifications
• Engine : Scramjet
• Operational range :300 km (186.4 mi)
• Speed : Mach 7 (2.3820 km/s)
• Launch platform: Ship, submarine, aircraft and
land- based mobile launchers.

11. Missile propulsion system
• Propulsion : Providing power to accelerate the missile body and sustain to
reach the required target
 Parts of propulsion system
• Chamber, a nozzle, and an igniter
• The energy due to this high pressure reaction permits the heating of the
product gases to a very high temperature (2000-3500 o
C). These gases
subsequently are expanded in the nozzle and accelerated to high velocities
(2000-4500 m/s)
 TYPES OF PROPULSlON SYSTEMS Air breathing
Non-air breathing

12. Launchers and Ground Support
Systems
• The ground support requires target search and tracking facilities which are
normally provided by radar or optical sights, television or infrared
detectors .
CHECKOUT AND SIMULATORS
• To certify the missiles worthy of deployment and ready for operation , a
periodic health monitoring of its vital subsystems is carried out
• Done through an automatic and computerised check
procedure on the ground

13. Missile Guidance and Control
• The purpose of a guidance system is to direct the missile to target
• Use of an automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm/device in the
guidance system increases accuracy of the missile
 Types of Guidance Systems:
• Inertial navigation system
• TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching)
• DSMAC (Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator)
• Satellite navigation

14. • Inertial navigation system
 Computer & platform containing accelerometers, gyroscopes, or other motion-
sensing devices.
 Accelerometers measure the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal accelerations of
the controlled missile
 Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity of the system
• TERCOM(Terrain contour matching):
 Uses a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain
• DSMAC(Digital scene-mapping area correlator):
 A series of photographs are taken from surveillance aircraft and are put into a
carousel in the missile.
 Another camera takes pictures out of the bottom of the missile.
 A computer compares the two images and attempts to line up areas of high
contrast.
 Very slow system and its role is being taken up by TERCOM.
• Satellite Navigation:
 using a satellite positioning system, such as GPS .
 precise and cheap
 The GPS-based navigation is useful in a conflict with a technologically
unsophisticated adversary

15. Missile Aerodynamics
 Study of the movement of a body in the presence of air is called
aerodynamics
In the missiles aerodynamic surfaces
designed to provide the necessary
lateral manoeuvrability.
The body of the missile may be divided into three major sections –
• The fore body or the nose
• The mid-section
• The aft or boat-tail section

16. Nose Section
 Conical, ogival, power series or hemispherical in shape
 A hemispherical nose has very high drag ,but it is excellent for
structural integrity, resistance to aerodynamic heating and
amenability to certain types of guidance like infrared guidance

17. MID SECTION
 Mostly cylindrical in shape
 shape is advantageous from the standpoint of drag, ease of manufacturing
and load carrying capability
Boat-tail Section
 The tapered portion of the aft section of a body
 Decrease the drag of a body which has a ‘squared off’ base
WING DESIGN
 Main lifting surface
FABRICATION MATERIALS
 Material strength , High temperature properties of the material , Stiffness or
deformation characteristics , Corrosion resistance , and Ease of fabrication.

18. Warheads and Fuzes
 The function of the warhead is to damage the target .
Non-nuclear high explosive warheads & kinetic
energy warheads
• Shaped charge warhead (anti-tank or anti-armour) and kinetic energy rod
penetrator (against armour)
• Fragment type (anti-aircraft, anti-personnel)
• Blast-cum-earth shock (for damaging built up structures)
• Incendiary type (against fuel and ammunition dumps, etc.)

19. Fuzes
• Fuzes are the devices which sense the right moment to
detonate the warhead.
Common types of fuzes are :
• Impact fuze
• Altitude fuze
• Proximity fuze

20. FUTURE SCOPE
 Analysis of flow past over an aerofoil structure
 Path analysis of missile (control guidance)

21. References
• Guided Missiles by T V Karthikeyan & A K Kapoor
• THE SECRET OF FLIGHT by JOHAN HOFFMAN, JOHAN JANSSON AND CLAES
JOHNSON
• Aerodynamic Characteristics of G16 Grid Fin Configuration at Subsonic and
Supersonic Speeds by Prashanth H S , Prof. K S Ravi , Dr G B Krishnappa
• http://www.brahmos.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory_of_a_projectile
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrahMos-II
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOGn8_XEMp8

22. ....THANK YOU ....