missile technology seminar report

1. SEMINAR REPORT
ON
MISSILE TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Submitted By:
ASHWANI KUMAR RAHUL RANJAN
04413304912 04713304912
HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY AND MANAGEMENT
Plot No. 370, Hamidpur, Delhi Pin code – 110036

2. CONTENTS
S.NO TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF MISSILES
3. MISSILE COMPONENTS
 WARHEAD
 FUSING
 GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 PROPULSION SYSTM
 FINS
4. CLASSIFICATION OF MISSILES
 UNGUIDED MISSILES
 GUIDED MISSILES
5. MISSILES IN MODERN INDIA
6. NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO
7. INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
8. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Basically any object thrown at a target with the aim of hitting it
is a missile. Thus, a stone thrown at a bird is a missile. The bird,
by using its power of reasoning may evade the missile (the
stone) by moving either to the Left, right, top or bottom with
respect to the flight path (trajectory) of the missile. Thus, the
missile in this case has been ineffective in its objective of hitting
the bird (the target). Now, if the stone too is imparted with
some intelligence and quick response to move with respect to
the bird, to overcome aiming errors and the bird's evasive
actions and hit it accurately, the stone now becomes a guided
missile.
The incorporation of energy source in a missile to provide the
required force for its movement (propulsion), intelligence to go
in the correct direction (guidance) and effective maneuvering
(control) are mainly the technologies of guided missiles. They
help in making a missile specific to a target, that is, they
determine the size, range and state of motion of a missile.

4. HISTORY OF MISSILES
Looking back into the history of rockets and guided missiles, we
find that rockets were used in China and India around 1000 AD
for fireworks as well as for war purposes. During the 18th
century, unguided rocket propelled missiles were used by
Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan against the British. There is a
reference that two rockets belonging to Tipu's forces were
captured during the fourth Mysore war in the siege of
Seringapatnam in 1799 by companies of the Bengal and
Bombay Artillery of the East India Company.
The current phase in the history of missiles began during the
World War I1 with the use of V1 and V2 missiles by Germany.
Since then there has been a tremendous and rapid global
advancement in this field. It spawned the growth and pushed
the frontiers of many new technologies in the areas of
materials science, aeronautics, communications, radars and
computers. Huge amounts of prime resources have been
channelized into this field resulting in the development of
sophisticated missiles.

5. MISSILE COMPONENTS
Guided missiles are made up of a series of subassemblies. The
major sections are carefully joined and connected to each
other. They form the complete missile assembly.
The major components of a missile are:
 WARHEAD
 FUSING
 GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 PROPULSION SYSTEM
 FINS

6. WARHEAD
A warhead is an explosive device used in military conflicts, used
to destroy enemy vehicles or buildings.
Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile, rocket or torpedo.
It consists of the explosive material, and a detonator.
TYPES OF WARHEAD:-
Explosive: An explosive charge is used to disintegrate the
target, and damage surrounding areas with a shockwave.
Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as nerve gas is dispersed,
which is designed to injure or kill human beings.
Biological: An infectious agent, such as anthrax is dispersed,
which is designed to sicken and kill humans.
Nuclear: A runaway nuclear fission or fusion reaction causes
immense energy release.

7. FUSING
It includes those devices and arrangements that cause the
missile's payload to function in proper relation to the target.
There are two general types of fuzes used in guided missiles
proximity fuzes and contact fuzes.
Some common methods of fusing are:-
 Radio frequency sensing
 Optical sensing
 Magnetic sensing
 Acoustic sensing
 Pressure wave sensing
GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 Missiles may be targeted in a number of ways. The most
common method is to use some form of radiation , such
as infrared , lasers or radio waves , to guide the missile
onto its target.
 There are two types of guidance system
i. fire-and-forget
ii. Another method is to use a TV camera—using
either visible light or infra-red—in order to see the target.

8. Some methods of target detection are:-
 Laser Guidance
 Terrain contour matching (TERCOM)
 Infrared homing
 Celestial navigation
 Long-range Navigation (LORAN)
 Wire-Guidance
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
PROPULSION SYSTEM
Guided missiles use some form of jet power for propulsion. The
basis for the working of missile propulsion systems are the well-
known Newton's laws of motion.

9. FINS
A major important item in the aerodynamic missile
configuration is the wing or the main lifting surface. A great
variety of wing planforms or configurations are used.
The linearised theory is used in supersoninc flow over wings.
This theory is derived from the exact differential equation of
steady compressible flow. There are also a few equations of
first order and linear equations called 'Ackeret Theory'. The
basic assumptions made are:
 the airfoil is thin
 the flow is two dimensional
Thus, airfoil is the cross section of a wing which gives a
minimum drag and a maximum lift.
FABRICATION MATERIALS
Some of the important factors calling for adequate caution
during material selection are as follows:
 Material strength
 High temperature properties of the material
 Stiffness or deformation characteristics
 Corrosion resistance
 Ease of fabrication

10. CLASSIFICATION OF MISSILES
Classification of Missiles
Type Launch
Mode
Range
Propulsion Guidance
Systems
1. Cruise
Missile
2. Ballistic
Missile
1. Surface-to-Surface
Missile
2. Surface-to-Air Missile
3. Surface (Coast)-to-
Sea Missile
4. Air-to-Air Missile
5. Air-to-Surface Missile
6. Sea-to-Sea Missile
7. Sea-to-Surface
(Coast) Missile
8. Anti-Tank Missile
1. Short Range
Missile
2. Medium
Range Missile
3. Intermediate
Range Ballistic
Missile
4.
Intercontinental
Ballistic Missile
1. Solid
Propulsion
2. Liquid
Propulsion
3. Hybrid
Propulsion
4. Ramjet
5. Scramjet
6.
Cryogenic
1. Wire
Guidance
2. Command
Guidance
3. Terrain
Comparison
Guidance
4. Terrestrial
Guidance
5. Inertial
Guidance
6. Beam Rider
Guidance
7. Laser
Guidance
8. RF and GPS
Reference

11. BALLISTIC MISSILE
• A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory
over most of its flight path ,regardless of whether or not it
is a weapon-delivery vehicle .Ballistic missiles are
categorised according to their range , maximum distance
measured along the surface of earth’s ellipsoid from the
point of launch to the point of impact of the last element
of their payload.
CRUISE MISSILE
• A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided
vehicle that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for
most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to
place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly
within the earth’s atmosphere annd use jet engine
technology .
Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:
1. Subsonic cruise missile
2.Supersonic cruise missile
3.Hypersonic cruise missile

12. MISSILES IN MODERN INDIA
 Prithvi-1
 Prithvi-2
 Agni-1
 Agni-2
 Dhanush
 Brahmos
“Brahmos”: The super-sonic cruise missile
• First and only supersonic cruise missile using liquid ramjet
technology
• Can travel at mach 2.823
• Range of 290 km
• Configured to be launched from either land, ship, sub-
marine and aircraft
• India and Russia intend to make 1,000 BrahMos supersonic
cruise missiles over the next 10 years.
Ballistic Missiles
Cruise Missile

13. Cruise missile BrahMos shown on IMDS-2007, owned by India
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO
The growth in the technological know-how of guided missiles
has been spurred by an international race for strategic
supremacy and commercial aspects. The launching of a new
rocket or a guided missile receives world-wide attention. With
the decreasing gap between the launching of missiles and
satellites, the military warfare has assumed a new dimension in
the form of electronic and push-button warfare.

14. INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP)
was a Ministry of Defence (India) program for the research and
development of a comprehensive range of missiles. The
program was managed by the Defense Research and
Development Organization (DRDO) and Ordnance Factories
Board in partnership with other Indian government research
organizations.[ The project started in early 1980s and ended in
2008 after these strategic missiles were successfully developed.
The last major missile developed under the program was the
Agni 3 intermediate-range ballistic missile which was
successfully tested on 9 July 2007. On 8 January 2008, the
DRDO formally announced the successful completion of the
IGMDP.

15. CONCLUSION
With this we conclude our topic by saying that missiles are
harmful for happy and peaceful life, but in today’s world, there
is more amount of terrorism prevailing out as well as threat
from the neighboring countries, in these conditions if required
we can use it for the welfare of our own countrymen.