This document presents information about ballistic missiles. It begins with an introduction and overview of the presentation. It then discusses the history of ballistic missiles, including their origins in China in the 1300s and development of modern missiles like the V-2 and R-7. It describes the different types of missiles and how ballistic missiles work using Newton's third law. It outlines the major components of missiles like the warhead, guidance system, and propulsion system. It explains the different types of guidance systems and propulsion methods. It concludes by discussing some advantages and disadvantages of ballistic missiles and prospects for their future development.

1. Presented By :
Saurabh Sindhu
USN: 1BI11ME092
B.I.T

2. Plan Of Presentation
 Introduction
 History of Ballistic Missile
 Types of Missiles
 Working Principle
 Component
 Design & Mechanism
 Guidance & Propulsion System
 Conclusion & Future Aspects
 Referance

3. Ballistic Missile
 A ballistic missile is launched directly into the high layers of the earth's
atmosphere. It travels well outside the atmosphere and then the warhead
detaches and falls back to earth. It follows the path of a ball thrown upwards
which falls down. Since it depends on gravity to reach its target, it's called a
ballistic missile.
 A ballistic missile is a rocket that follows a ballistic trajectory with objective of
delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target.
 A ballistic missile is only guided during relatively brief periods of flight & most of it’s
trajectory is unpowered & governed by gravity.
 Longe range intercontinental ballistic missile is launched at a steep, sub-orbital
flight trajectory & spends most of their flight out of the earth atmosphere.
 Short range ballistic missiles stay within the earth’s atmosphere.
What is missile..?
 Missile is a weapon or object that is thrown at a target

5. History
 The Chinese, who invented gunpowder, were also the first to employ
explosives to power missiles and the first, in the 1300s, to fire a multi-stage
missile.
 V-2 Missile:
the modern ballistic missile was V-2,a single stage, fin stabilized
missile propelled by liquid oxygen and ethyl alcohol to a maximum range
of 200 KM.
 R-7 Semyorka : was the first intercontinental ballistic missiles.
 Total 30 countries have ballistic missiles technology

6.  There after Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan (Sultan of Mysore in south India)
perfected the rocket's use for military purposes, very effectively using it in
war against British colonial armies.
 At the Battle of Seringapatanam in 1792, Indian soldiers launched a huge
barrage of rockets against British troops, followed by a huge massacre of
British forces
Portrait of TipuSultan
SultanofMysore, presentdayKarnataka,
India
Unlike contemporary rockets whose combustion
chamber was made of wood (bamboo), Tipu's
rockets (weighing between 2.2 to 5.5 kg) used iron
cylinder casings that allowed greater pressure,
thrust and range (1.5 to 2.5 Km). The British were
greatly impressed by the Mysorean rockets using
iron tubes.

7. Types of missile
 There are two types of missiles.
 UNGUIDED OR BALLISTIC MISSILES which moves
freely to the target and can’t be controlled
after launching e.g. missiles of tank
 GUIDED MISSILES which are guided through
some remote controls e.g. Cruise missile

8. working principle
FLIGHT
 The working of a missile is based on the Newton’s Third Law i.e.
Action and reaction are equal and opposite
 The propulsion of a missile is achieved with the help of a rocket
engine. It produces thrust by ejecting very hot gaseous matter,
called propellant.
 The hot gases are produced in the combustion chamber of the
rocket engine by chemical reactions.
 The propellant is exhausted through a nozzle at a high speed.
This exhaust causes the rocket to move in the opposite direction
(Newton's third law).

11. Guided missiles are made up of a series of subassemblies.
The major sections are carefully joined and connected to
each other. They form the complete missile assembly.
The major components of a missile are:
 WARHEAD
 GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 PROPULSION SYSTEM
 FINS
MISSILECOMPONENTS

13. Terminology
 WARHEAD
A warhead is an explosive device used in military
conflicts, used to destroy enemy vehicles or
buildings.
 Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile ,
rocket or torpedo. It consists of the explosive
material, and a detonator.
 Types of warhead :-
 Explosive: An explosive charge is used to
disintegrate the target, and damage surrounding
areas with a shockwave.
 Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as nerve gas is
dispersed, which is designed to injure or kill human
beings.

14.  Biological: An infectious agent, such as anthrax is
dispersed, which is designed to sicken and kill
humans.
 Nuclear: A runaway nuclear fission or fusion reaction
causes immense energy release.
 Fragmentation: Metal fragments are projected at
high velocity to cause damage or injury.
 Shaped Charge: The effect of the explosive charge
is focused onto a specially shaped metal liner to
project a hypervelocity jet of metal, to perforate
heavy armour.

15. A nuclear warhead

16. Propulsion System
TYPES OF PROPULSION
 SOLID
 LIQUID
PROPULSION MECHANISM
ROCKET ENGINE

17. ROCKET— Thermal jets include solid propellant, liquid propellant,
and combined propellant systems.
Liquid Propellant - Liquid fuel is used in space vehicles and satellites
and that this fuel is put into the tanks of the space vehicles
immediately before launching. A missile cannot wait to be fueled
when it is needed for defense or offense-it must be ready. That is one
of the reasons why solid propellants have replaced liquid propellants
in most of our missiles.

19. GENERAL DESIGN

20. Types of guidance systems
 Inertial navigation system
 Celestial navigation system
 Long-range navigation system
Guidance systems
 The purpose of a guidance system
is to direct the missile to target .

21. Celestial navigation
 It is a position fixing technique that was devised to help sailors.
 The Sun is most often measured. Skilled navigators can use the
Moon, planets or one of 57 navigational stars whose coordinates
are tabulated in nautical almanacs.

22. Long-range Navigation (LORAN) : This was the
predecessor of GPS and was (and to an extent still is) used primarily in
commercial sea transportation. The system works by triangulating the
ship's position based on directional reference to known transmitters.

23. Inertial Navigation System:
 An inertial navigation system includes
1. a computer and a platform containing accelerometers,
2. gyroscopes,
or
3. other motion-sensing devices.
 Accelerometers measure the vertical, lateral, and
longitudinal accelerations of the controlled missile .
 Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity of the system.

24. path followed by ballistic missiles

25. Advantages
 Bright, hot rocket exhaust makes
detection and targeting easier.
 Very large geographic
defensive coverage; potentially
continental.
 the missile is full of flammable
propellant, which makes it very
vulnerable to explosive
warheads.
Disadvantage
 The lack of a human pilot means you can't
re-use the thing, whereas you can get
multiple missions out of a piloted aircraft.
 Their low and slow flight means they can be
engaged by a much wider variety of
systems.
 The missiles aren't always accurate, they're
expensive..

26. Conclusion
 Currently Balistic missiles are among the most expensive of single-
use weapons, up to several million dollars apiece. However, they
are cheaper than human pilots when total training and
infrastructure costs are taken into account.
 Guidance System used in Ballistic missile is a complex system which
involves several systems working in random. it is essential that
guidance system is properly designed for accurate interception of
targets.

27. Future Aspects
 Incremental modernization and sustainment of the current Minuteman III
(MM III) force is a cost-effective alternative that should be considered
within the Analysis of Alternatives (AoA).
 The AoA should focus on the nuclear capabilities necessary to credibly
deter attacks from established nuclear powers and to provide an effective
counterforce capability against hostile emerging nuclear states in
dangerous situations.
 The AoA could consider conventional payloads, but only as an option for
some ICBM designs should the need arise.
 Cost and survivability assessments should limit basing options to existing
missile silos and infrastructure for the foreseeable future.
 If the number of ICBMs decreases below 300, the Air Force will need to
adapt its manpower policies to avoid mismatches within the nuclear
specialty career fields.

28. THANK YOU