Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to achieve goals or accomplish tasks. According to psychologist Albert Bandura, there are four main sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and psychological responses. People with strong self-efficacy view challenges as tasks that can be mastered through sustained effort, while those with weak self-efficacy tend to avoid challenges and focus on potential failures. Bandura's seminal 1977 paper on self-efficacy helped make it one of the most studied topics in psychology.