The document discusses adolescent sex offenders and the cycle of abuse. It defines Schedule One offenses under the Children and Young Persons Act 1933, which include various acts of violence, cruelty, neglect against those under 18. It also lists sexual offenses from the Sexual Offences Act 1956. The document then outlines the cycle of abuse, including phases like fantasy, inappropriate sexual behavior, transient guilt, and reframing. It stresses the need for sex education, challenging denial, and relapse prevention to address adolescent sex offending and break the cycle of abuse.

1. 1
6. Adolescent Sex Offenders
and Cycle of Abuse 10 slides
John Clark

2. 2
Young People who Sexually Abuse
 What is a Young Person?
 Schedule One Offences – what are they?
(Schedule One of C & YPA 1933)
 Different from other forms of Youth
Crime?

3. 3
 Offences Listed in Schedule one of the children and young persons act 1933 “
Schedule One Offences”
 Common Law Offences
 The murder of a child or young person under 18
 Common assault and battery
 Offences under the Offences against the Person Act 1861:-
 S5 Manslaughter of a child or young person under 18
 S27 The abandonment or exposure of a child under two or as to endanger its life
 or health
 Offences under the Infant Life (Preservation) Act 1929
 S1 Child destruction
 Offences under the children and Young Persons Act 1933:-
 S1 Cruelty to (including assault, ill- treatment or neglect) a person under 16
 S3 Allowing a person under 16 to be in a brothel
 S4 Causing or allowing a person under 16 to be used for begging
 S11 Exposing a child under 7 to risk of burning
 S23 Allowing a person under 16 to take part in a dangerous performances
endangering life or limb
 Offences under the Infanticide Act 1938
 S1 Infanticide

4. 4
 Offences under the Indecency with Children Act 1969
 S1 Indecent conduct towards a child under 14
 Offences under the Suicide Act 1961
 S2 Aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring the suicide of a person under 18
 Other Offences
 Any other offence involving bodily injury to a person under 18:
 Ie: Common Assault
 ABH
 GBH Section 20 (unlawful wounding)
 GBH Section 18 (Intent to endanger life)
 N.B – All of the above offence where the charge is ‘attempted……..’

5. 5
 Offences under the Sexual Offences Act 1956
 S1 Rape (or attempted rape) of a girl aged under 18
 S2 Procurement (or attempted procurement) of girl under 18 by threats
 S3 Procurement of girl under 18 by false pretences
 S4 Administering drugs to a girl under 18 to obtain or facilitate intercourse
 S5 Intercourse (or attempted intercourse) with girl under 13
 S6 Intercourse (or attempted intercourse) with girl between 13 and 16
 S7 Intercourse (or attempted intercourse) with a mentally deficient girl under 18
 S10 Incest (or attempt to commit incest) by a man against a female, where the victim is under 18
 S11 Incest (or attempt to commit incest) by a woman where the victim is under 18
 S12 Buggery (or attempt to commit buggery) with a person under 18
 S13 Indecency between men where one or both is under 18
 S14 Indecent assault on a girl under 18
 S15 Indecent assault on a male under 18
 S16 Assault with intent to commit buggery
 S19 Abduction of unmarried girl under 18 from parent or guardian
 S20 Abduction of unmarried girl under 16 from parent or guardian
 S22 Causing (or attempting to cause) prostitution of girl under 18
 S23 Procuration (or attempted procuration) of girl under 18
 S24 Detention of girl under 18 in brothel or other premises
 S25 Permitting girl under 18 to use premises for intercourse
 S26 Permitting girl between 18 and 16 to use premises for intercourse
 S28 Causing or encouraging prostitution of, intercourse with, or indecent assault on, girl under 16

6. Ages of sexual consent
Americas
California 18
New York 17
Brazil 14
Argentina 13
Europe
Ireland 17
UK 16
Germany 14
Italy 14
Romania 15
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7. Africa
Morocco 15
Ghana 16
Congo Females 14 Male 18
Asia
Bahrain 15 Married without father’s permission 21
Iraq 18
China 14
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Cycle of abuse
 Represents cognitive & behavioural
progressions
 Before, during & after sexually abusive
behaviour
 A cycle because of the repetitive nature of the
behaviour sequence
 Compensatory in nature

9. 9
THE SEXUAL ABUSE CYCLE
Isaac, Lane & Davis, RSA Inc
Precipitating
phase
Compensatory
phase
Integration
phase
EVENTS personalisation, victim stance
NEGATIVE
ANTICIPATION
“There’s no
use…”
AVOIDANCE
Externalisation
of blame
POWER/CONTROL
SEEKING Increased
need for control
What if/who
justification, FANTASY
grooming,
objectification
INAPPROPRIATE
SEXUAL
BEHAVIOUR
“It’s OK they
won’t tell”
TRANSITORY
GUILT
justification
Suppression “I’m
in control, I won’t
do it again
REFRAMING

10. 10
How do we do the work?
 Sex education
 Challenge denial
 Abuse of trust and power
 Joint work
 Re-frame fantasy
 Relapse prevention
 Victims or perpetrators?

11. 11
The Meeting

12. 12
Grooming
The word grooming is used to describe the
process that abusive people (young & old)
use to trick a younger or more vulnerable
person into believing that they are trustworthy
so that they can eventually sexually exploit
them.

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17. 17
Wheel of power and control

18. 18
Wheel of equal,
consensual and
respectful
relationships