Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Social psychologists consider a group to be composed of two or more people who interact and depend on each other in some way. Groups usually have the following features:
Norms that determine appropriate behavior (A)
Roles that are assigned to people that determine what behaviors and responsibilities people should take on(B)
A communication structure that determines who talks to whom within the group ( C)
A power structure that determines how much authority and influence group members have(D)
WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Social psychologists consider a group to be composed of two or more people who interact and depend on each other in some way. Groups usually have the following features:
Norms that determine appropriate behavior (A)
Roles that are assigned to people that determine what behaviors and responsibilities people should take on(B)
A communication structure that determines who talks to whom within the group ( C)
A power structure that determines how much authority and influence group members have(D)
WILL COVER
COMMON SENSE PSYCHOLOGY
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE THEORY
COVARIENCE MODEL
CONSENSUS
CONSISTENCY
DISTINCTIVENESS
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
ACTOR OBSERVER EFFECT
SELF SERVING BIAS
AND APPLICATIONS
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
A to Z personality theories - A complete guide to human behaviorManu Melwin Joy
Explains in detail all major personality theories with examples and illustrations.
Trait and type approaches - Trait Theories, Type Theories
Dynamic approaches -Psychoanalytical theories
Learning and behavioral approaches - Behaviorist theories, Social learning theories, Cognitive theories.
Humanistic approaches
pression
noun
1.
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, especially one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.
"his first impressions of Manchester were very positive"
Similar:
feeling
sense
fancy
suspicion
sneaking suspicion
inkling
intuition
hunch
apprehension
notion
idea
thought
belief
opinion
conviction
funny feeling
gut feeling
feeling in one's bones
sixth sense
view
conception
image
picture
perception
judgement
verdict
estimation
2.
an imitation of a person or thing, done to entertain.
"he did an impression of Shirley Bassey"
Define the concept Social psychology
Describe the following basic principles of human Sociability:
1. Perceiving others:
a) Impression formation
Primacy effect
Central trait
Halo effect
Self-fulfilling prophecies
b) Implicit personality theory
c) Attribution theory
Affiliation:
3. Attraction:
Proximity
Familiarity
Reciprocal attraction
Similarity
4. Co-operation
Reciprocal communication
Joint task activity
Communal relationships
Basic psychological process, Perception, Factors influencing perception, Characteristics of Perceiver, Attribution theory, Specific applications in organizations, Learning, Theories of learning, using learning concepts for self-management, implications for performance and satisfaction, Remembering, Basic motivational concepts, Theories of motivation, Implications for performance and satisfaction, Operant Conditioning Theory, Cognitive Learning Theory, Social Learning Theory, Types of Memory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory, Two factor theory, Alderfer’s ERG Theory, McClelland’s Need Theory, Theory X and Process Theories of Motivation, Equity Theory, Expectancy theory, Porter And Lawler Model Of Motivation,Calicut university OB
The following presentation is on the topic- PERCEPTION
It includes :-
# Meaning and definition
# Characteristics
# Major types
# Factors that affect perception
# Perception process
# Perception and reality
# Importance
# Why perception Vary
# Errors to perception
# How to overcome the barriers
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Impression formation
1. Institute Of Management Studies
Indore
Presentation On:- Impression Formation
From:-
Aparna Bakre
Jayshree Pateriya
2.
3. What is Impression?
An idea, feeling, or opinion about something or
someone, esp. one formed without conscious thought
or on the basis of little evidence. An effect produced
on someone.
4. impression formation
A social psychological term referring to the way in
which strangers develop perceptions of each other. A
long tradition of (largely experimental) studies have
investigated the impact of initial impressions. These
have identified phenomena such as primacy
effects and halo effects.
5. This breaks down into six influences on how we
perceive other people:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Implicit personality theory
Perceptual accentuation
Primacy-Recency
Consistency
Attribution of controllability
6. Six Basic Principles
1. On the basis of minimal information
2. Special attention to salient features than to
every thing
3. We use the context of a person’s behavior
rather than interpreting the behavior in
isolation
7. 4.We organize our perceptions by
categorizing or grouping stimuli
5. We use our enduring cognitive structures to
make sense of people’s behavior
6. Perceiver's own needs and personal goals
influence how he or she perceives others
10. “We look at a person and
immediately a certain
impression of his character
forms itself in us a glance , a few
spoken words are sufficient to
tell us a story about a highly
complex matter.....”
12. Asch conducted many
experiments in which he asked
participants to form an
impression of a hypothetical
person based on several
characteristics said to belong to
them.
13.
14. Experiment 1-variation in
central quality
Group A: intelligent-skillful-industrious-
warm-determined-practical-cautious
Group B: intelligent-skillful-industrious-
cold-determined-practical-cautious
15. result
Series A ("warm")
A person who believes certain things to be right, wants
others to see his point, would be sincere in an argument'
and would like to see his point won.
Series B ("cold")
A very ambitious and talented person who would not let
anyone or anything stand in the way of achieving his goal.
Wants his own way, he is determined not to give in, no
matter what happens.
16. Experiment 2- Omission of a
Central Quality
Group A: intelligent-skillful-industrious-
determined-practical-cautious
Group B: intelligent-skillful-industrious-
determined-practical-cautious
18. Experiment 3-Variation of a
Peripheral Quality
A. intelligent—skillful—industrious—
polite—determined—practical cautious
B. intelligent—skillful—industrious—
blunt—determined—practical—cautious
19. Experiment 4-reversing the
order of series
A. intelligent—skillful—industrious—
determined— practical—cautious—evasive
B. evasive—cautious—practical—
determined—industrious—skillful—
intelligent
20. result
Series A
He seems to be a man of very excellent character,
though it is not unusual for one person to have all
of those good qualities.
Series B
This is a man who has had to work for everything
he wanted—therefore he is evasive, cautious and
practical. He is naturally intelligent, but his
struggles have made him hard.
22. Additional research
Indicates that impression of others consist
of examples of both:
1. Behaviour relating to specific trait
2. Mental abstractions based on
observations of many instances of behavior
23. ask yourself?
Why do we immediately form impressions
of other people on first meeting them?
What factors influence whether we like or
dislike someone immediately?
Can we tell when someone is lying or telling
the truth?
24. What information do we
use?
Roles
Physical Cues
Salience
From behavior to traits
Central traits
Categorization
Context effects
25. Roles
People tend to think of others within a
role context first and only then
according to personality traits
30. •Effects of Salience
1. Draws attention
2. Influences perceptions of
causality
3. Produces evaluatively extreme
judgments
4. Produce more consistency of
judgment
31. FROM BEHAVIOR TO TRAITS
We move very quickly from observable
information (appearance & behavior) to
personality trait inferences
Traits are more economical to remember
Trait inferences occur automatically
32. Central Traits
Some traits may be more central than
others, that is, highly associated with
many other characteristics
“Warm-Cold” appears to be such a trait
(Kelley, 1950)
34. Consequences of Categorization
leads to category-based social judgments
(stereotyping)
speeds processing time
can lead to errors
35. The Continuum Model of
Impression Formation
Impressions range from stereotypic, category-
based impressions to individuated impressions
(dual processing)
36. Dual Processing
We generally tend to use category-based
inference because it is easy and quick
We use individuated information when we are
motivated to be accurate the person doesn’t fit
our categories we have other reasons for wanting
to know the person better
37. Context Effects
Contrast biases judgments away from the
context (sees them as different)
Assimilation biases judgments in the same
direction as the context (sees them as similar)
Assimilation occurs more when people are using
category-based processing
Contrast occurs more when people are using
individuated information