Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences to distinguish between individuals. It was invented in 1984 and works by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA at specific recognition sites. This produces DNA fragments of different lengths depending on the number of recognition sites. These fragments are then separated via gel electrophoresis based on their size and can be used to generate unique fingerprints to identify individuals. RFLP analysis has applications in determining genetic diseases, paternity testing, genetic mapping, and identifying carriers of disease-causing mutations.